| 释义 |
penalize, v.|ˈpiːnəlaɪz|
[f. penal a.1 + -ize.]
1. trans. To make or declare (an action) penal or legally punishable.
1879Escott England I. 260 The law..prohibits and penalises the employment of all children under ten years of age. 1890Tablet 17 May 765 The Ecclesiastical Titles Act..penalising the assumption of territorial titles by Catholic Bishops. 1892Law Times XCII. 141/1 It was not the intention of the Act to penalise such ‘mere blunders’.
2. Sport. To subject to a penalty (see penalty 2 c); hence generally, to subject to some comparative disadvantage, to handicap.
1868Morn. Star 8 June, The best two-year-old field..the winner is pretty sure to spring from the penalised lot. 1888Times 31 Aug. 7/1 The principle of ‘penalizing’ bounty-fed sugar has been adopted by all the Powers. 1893Ibid. 12 June 7/2 The Duke of Portland's Schoolbook (penalized 10 lb.) and Lord Cadogan's Stowmarket are the best of the public performers. 1896Cape Argus 7 Nov., We have no income tax, and in order to raise revenue..the poor man is penalized at almost every point of the Customs compass.
Hence penaliˈzation, the action of penalizing. (In quots. attrib.)
1888Times 31 Aug. 7/2 The penalization policy is supported strongly by Germany, Russia, Italy and Spain. 1895Berry in E. London Dispatch (S. Afr.) 24 Apr., Inserting in the Agreement..a penalization clause. |