| 释义 |
▪ I. periwinkle1|ˈpɛrɪwɪŋk(ə)l|
Forms: α. 1 peruincæ, 2–3 pervenke, 4 parvenke, -uink, pervink(e, -vynke, 4, 5 -venke, -uenk(e, -uinke, 5 -uynke. β. 5 per-, parwynke, 6 pyrwynke, 7 periwink. γ. 6 pervinkle, -uinkle, -uincle, -winkle, -wincle, -winckle, -wyncle, -wynckle, perywinkle, periuyncle, -wyncle, -winckle, 6–7 pervincle; 6– periwinkle, (7 perewinkle, 8 periwincle).
[In OE. peruince, a. L. pervinca (App. Herb. 4th c.), earlier vinca pervinca (Pliny), whence also It. provenca, -vinca, F. pervenche, Norman F. pervenke. In ME., pervinke and (after AF.) per-, parvenke, late ME. perwynke, in 16th c. altered to pervinkle, perwyncle, and finally to periwinkle, usual since 1600. (See note to periwinkle2.)
The derivation of L. pervinca is not clear: some connect it with L. pervincĕre to conquer completely, with various suggested explanations. Cf. sense 2.]
1. The common name of plants of the genus Vinca (family Apocynaceæ), esp. of the two European species, V. minor and V. major, the Lesser and Greater Periwinkle, evergreen trailing sub-shrubs with light blue starry flowers, varying in V. minor with pure white.
In early times a garland of this flower was placed on the heads of persons on their way to execution, with which some have connected the It. name fiore di morte, flower of death.
αc1000ælfric Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 136/10 Uinca, peruincæ. 11..Voc. ibid. 544/39 Uinca, pervenke. c1306Execution Sir S. Fraser in Pol. Songs (Camden) 218 Y-fetered were ys legges under his horse wombe:..A gerland of peruenke set on ys heved. c1330Owayn Miles (1837) 41 Rose and lili diuers colours Primrol and paruink. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1432 Ther sprang the violete al newe, And fresshe pervinke, riche of hewe. 1430–40Lydg. Bochas vi. i. (1554) 144 Thou hast..Crowned one with laurer..Other with peruinke made for the gybet. c1450Alphita 144 Peruinca uel prouinca,..gall. et a⊇. peruenke.
βa1450Stockh. Med. MS. ii. 395 in Anglia XVIII. 317 Parwynke is an erbe grene of colour. c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 786/19 Hec pervinca,..a perwynke. 1547Salesbury Welsh Dict., Gwichiad pysc, pyrwynke. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 637 The Egyptian Clematis or Periwink..is very good against the poyson of Asps.
γ [1501Will of Hylle (Somerset Ho.), ij of my goblettes of pirwyncles.] 1538Turner Libellus, Clematis daphnoides, latinis uinca peruinca, anglis Perwyncle dicitur. 1551― Herbal i. K vj b, Vinca peruinca,..called in Englyshe perwyncle, or periwyncle... It hath prety blewe floures and the herbe crepeth vpon the grounde very thyke. 1578Lyte Dodoens 32 Peruincle hath many small and slender long branches. 1601Holland Pliny xxi. xi. 92 The Pervincle..continueth fresh and greene all the yeare long. 1611Florio, Herba topiaria, the hearbe Perewinkle. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece ii. iii. 373 Double purple and large Periwinkle. 1798Wordsw. Lines Early Spring iii, Through primrose tufts, in that green bower, The periwinkle trailed its wreaths. 1866Cornh. Mag. Nov. 547 White periwinkles, flinging their light of blossoms and dark glossy leaves down the swift channels of the brawling streams.
†2. fig.
a. One who surpasses or excels; the fairest or choicest; the ‘flower’: cf. the ‘pink of perfection’. Obs. [So OF. pervenke: De tous vins ce est le pervenke (Godef.).]
13..Song, Sir Piers Birmingham in Ritson Anc. Songs (1792) 40 Þos kniȝtis euch-one of him mai mak mone as peruink of ham alle. a1400Love Song (Harl. MS. 2253, lf. 72 b/2), Heo is lilie of largesse Heo is paruenke of prouesse. a1440Sir Degrev. 730 Corteys lady and wyse,..thou arte pervenke of pryse.
†b. Playfully applied to a girl or woman. Obs.
1633Shirley Wittie Fair One iv. G iv, (To a chambermaid) Quicke periwincle to thy mistris now. 1640― Loves Crueltie ii. C iij b, Very good, I shall love this periwinke.
3.
†a. Her. In blazoning by flowers and plants, the designation of the tincture azure or blue. Obs.
1725Coats Dict. Her., Perwinkle,..pitch'd upon by the Inventors of the new Way of Blazon by Flowers and Herbs..to supply the word Azure. 1727in Bailey Vol. II.
b. A blue colour like that of the periwinkle flower. Also attrib. and as adj.
1922Daily Mail 20 Dec. 1 (Advt.), Lingerie crepe... In a full range of charming colours, including Pink, Sky, Jade, Flesh, Shrimp, Saxe,..Fawn, Periwinkle and Cham. 1973L. Cooper Tea on Sunday i. 22 His waisted periwinkle coat. 1977C. Storr Tales Psychiatrist's Couch 83 ‘Plenty of time to think of getting married later, that's what I say,’ Liz said, fixing me with those bulging periwinkle eyes.
4. attrib. and Comb.
1902Westm. Gaz. 23 Jan. 2/1 Ball frock..of pale chiffon, periwinkle-wreathed. Ibid. 4 Feb. 2/1 Wherever you stand..you see the sea—the wonderful periwinkle blue, heaving slowly between the sparkling white sands.
▪ II. periwinkle2|ˈpɛrɪwɪŋk(ə)l|
Forms: 6 (?) pirwyncle, purwinkle, pur-, perwynkle; periwinkil, -wyncle; 6–7 perewincle; 7 perwinkle, -winckle, perewinkle, periwinckle, -winkel, 7– periwinkle, (7–8 -wincle, 9 perri-; dial. pennywinkle, -wilk). Also β. 6 periwinke, -winck.
[
Known in this form only from 16th c.; but OE. had in the same sense a word variously read (in pl.) pinewinclan and winewinclan (owing to confusion of the letters p and ƿ = w). The MSS. favour the latter, which may however be a scribal error, as pinewincle would explain the 16th c. literary, and mod. dial. forms. In any case the second element is the same. It is noteworthy that the first certain appearance of per-, periwyncle, agrees so closely with that of perwyncle, periwinkle n.1, from ME. parvenke, perwynke, as if in some way *pinewincle and perwinke had coalesced in the form perwyncle, periwinkle.]
1. The English name of a gastropod mollusc of the genus Littorina, esp. L. littorea the common European coast species, much used for food, having a dark-coloured turbinate shell. Formerly, and still sometimes, used in a wider sense.
1530Palsgr. 253/2 Perivyncle a shellfysshe, bigorneau, uineau. 1552Huloet, Purwinkle fyshe, coclea. 1555Eden Decades 209 Of the leaste of these welkes or perewincles they make certeyne lyttle beades of diuers sortes and colours. 1570Levins Manip. 128/34 A Periwinkil. Ibid. 138/31 A Périwynkle, cochlea. 1601Holland Pliny I. 218 In like manner do Perwinkles and Snailes. 1611Speed Theat. Gt. Brit. xxiv. (1614) 47/2 At Alderley..upon the hilles to this day are found cockles, periwinckles and oysters of solid stone. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) I. 173 A great many Perewincles and Muscles. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 174 On the Rocks, abundance of Periwinkles. 1837Dickens Pickw. xxxviii, [Sam Weller says] I merely quote wot the nobleman said to the fractious pennywinkle ven he vould'nt come out of his shell by means of a pin. 1851–6Woodward Mollusca 11 The limpet and periwinkle live between tide-marks, where they are left dry twice a-day. [1863Tyneside Songs 46 Sometimes pennywilks, crabs, an' lobsters aw bring. 18..Eng. Dial. Dict., Pennywinkle [Northumb. to Kent and Devon]. ]
β1545Elyot Dict., Coclea, a snayle hauing a shell, also a fishe callyd a pyrwinke [1565 Cooper perwinke, 1573 perwinkle]. 1570Levins Manip. 138/26 A Periwinke, cochlea. 1586Bright Melanch. vi. 27 Some are of harder shels, as oysters, periwincks, etc.
b. The shell of this mollusc. rare—1.
1625Purchas Pilgrims ix. xii. §4 The Manamotapa and his subjects, weare a white Periwinkle in the fore-head for a Iewell.
†2. = cochlea 2 (of the ear). Obs.
1633P. Fletcher Purple Isl. v. 58 note, The last passage [of the ear] is called the Cochlea, Snail or Periwincle; where the nerves of hearing plainly appear.
3. attrib. and Comb.
1612Peacham Gentl. Exerc. ii. iv. 124 A Ladie..vpon her head a Coronet of Periwinckle and Escallop shelles. 1836P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 101 An army of periwinkle pickers. 1841Ibid. 203 Mobbed with periwinkle men to freight the crafts for Billingsgate.
Hence ˈperiwinkled a., having or abounding in periwinkles; ˈperiwinkler, a gatherer or seller of periwinkles; ˈperiwinkling vbl. n., the gathering of periwinkles; † periwinkling ppl. a., winding like the cavity of a periwinkle shell: said of the cavity of the ear.
1883A. Stewart Nether Lochaber xliii. 265 The ‘periwinkled shore’ is a thousand times better than the ‘barren barren shore’ of Tennyson. 1837P. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 122 All the Billingsgate periwinklers are out to-day. 1841Ibid. 199 Swarming with vessels for gunning, eel picking, and periwinkling. 1607Lingua iv. ii, I set and frame all words and..make them fit For the perewinkling porch, that winding leads From my close chamber to your lordships cell.
▪ III. periwinkle
obs. variant of periwig n. |