| 释义 |
▪ I. perk, n.1 Obs. exc. dial.|pɜːk|
Also 5–7 perke, 6 pyrke, 6–7 pirke, 6–9 pirk.
[A parallel form of perch n.2, chiefly in northern, north midl., and East Anglian use. Cf. NFr. perque.]
I.
†1. A pole, stake: = perch n.2 1. Obs.
1483Cath. Angl. 276/1 A Perke, pertica. c1490Promp. Parv. 394/2 (MSS. K. & H.) Perke, or perche, pertica. 1513Douglas æneis xi. ii. 65 He bad the capitanis and the dukis all..Gret perkis bair of trene saplyng..To wryte and hyng tharon baith all and sum The namys of thar ennemys ourcum. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage viii. iv. 628 Cabans..made with perkes, and covered with barkes of trees.
†b. A fuller's perch: = perch n.2 1 b. Obs.
c1350St. James 255 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 56 A walker perk byside him stode..With þat perk his heued he brak. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints vii. (Jacobus Minor) 215 Þane ane a walkare perk hynt And gafe sancte Iamis sic a dynte Þat he þe harne-pane brak in twyn.
II.
2. A bar fixed horizontally to hang something on or support something against: see quots. Chiefly dial. Cf. perch n.2 2. Also dial. a rope used for the same purpose, as a clothes-line, etc.
1818W. Muir Poems 56 On every pirk the clouts are clashing. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Perk,..a wooden frame against which sawn timber is set up to dry. 1825Jamieson, Perk,..a rope extended for holding any thing in a house. Ayrs. 1882Ogilvie (Annandale), Perk, a pole placed horizontally, on which yarns, etc. are hung to dry; also a peg (perket) for similar purposes.
b. A bar or bracket to support candles (= perch n.2 2 b) or an image. Obs. or Hist.
1475Will of Rightwise (Somerset Ho.), Lumini de le perke alias le Rodelofte. 1794Gentl. Mag. LXIV. i. 16/2 A perk or pedestal for an image. 1838Parker Gloss. Archit. (ed. 2), Perch, Perk, Pearch, an old term for a bracket. 1887W. H. H. Rogers Mem. West x. (1888) 178 On the right..is the perk or bracket on which the image..was..once stationed.
3. A perch for a tame bird, or anything on which a bird may alight and rest. Also transf. a seat for a person. See perch n.2 3–3 d. Now dial.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xvi. 73 A sperhawke sittand apon a perke. a1440Sir Degrev. 47 Haukes of nobulle eyre, Tylle his perke ganne repeyre. 1560Rolland Seven Sages 98 This saw the Py on his Pirk quhair scho sat. 1602F. Herring tr. Obendörfer's Anat. 15 Lyke a Daw vpon a Perke. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Peeark, a pearch for fowls. 1863Mrs. Toogood Yorks. Dial., The hens have all gone up to their peark.
fig.1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. vii. (1739) 41 Their minds once..upon the Wing, can hardly settle any where, or stoop to the Perk again.
†b. In fig. phrases: to prick, turn over the perk: see perch n.2 3 e. Obs.
a1529Skelton Garnesche 157 He wyl..make youer stomoke seke Ovyr the perke to pryk. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven 152 Then they will hoist a man, and turne him over the pirke.
4. A horizontal bar or frame over which cloth is drawn so as to examine it thoroughly; = perch n.2 4. Also the act or process of perching or examining, as to stand the perk. W. Yorksh. dial.
See Eng. Dial. Dict.
III. 5. A lineal measure: = perch n.2 5. dial.
1825Jamieson, Perk, a pole, a perch. Ayrsh. 1879in G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk. 1900in Eng. Dial. Dict. from Glouc., Worc., Heref., Shropsh.
IV.
6. Comb. perk-tree, a long pole; now dial., a pole used to support a clothes-line.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xix. (Cristofore) 216 In-sted of staf, a ployk he had, Wele nere as a perktre mad. 1548Aberdeen Regr. (1844) I. 259 Item, perkis and perktrees xxxs.
▪ II. perk, n.2 colloq.|pɜːk|
Abbreviation of perquisite. (Usually in plural, perks.)
1824J. Mactaggart Scottish Gallovidian Encycl. 383 Pirkuz, any kind of perquisite. 1869J. Greenwood Seven Curses of London ix. 169 The species of dishonesty alluded to..is called by the cant name of ‘perks’, which is a convenient abbreviation of the word ‘perquisites’, and in the hands of the users of it, it shows itself a word of amazing flexibility. It applies to such unconsidered trifles as wax candle ends, and may be stretched so as to cover the larcenous abstraction by our man-servant of forgotten coats and vests. 1876Punch's Almanack for 1877 12/3 Christmas Carol (By a Poor Expectant of Perks)... When other Govs. for other clerks Shall ‘strike upon the bell’, And proffer..The ‘tips’ they love so well... Then, Yule, remember me! 1887Pall Mall G. 7 Sept. 5/1 An order that free blacking is no longer to be among the ‘perks’ of Government office-keepers. 1891Daily News 2 Mar. 2/1 In the good old days waste-paper went as the ‘perks’ of Government officers. 1897A. Bennett Jrnl. 16 Dec. (1932) I. 66 ‘My missis,’ he said, ‘has extraction money and toothpowder money for ‘er perks.’ 1939J. Masefield Live & Kicking Ned 147 It's the Old Man's perk to order some damned silly thing. 1941J. Cary Herself Surprised lxiv. 160 But she would do her own housekeeping. ‘For I hate waste,’ she said, ‘and I never allow perks.’ 1957A. Grimble Return to Islands 7, I began bargaining for better pay and perks than she had mentioned. 1959News Chron. 20 Oct. 6/1 The post [of Speaker] was in danger of becoming a Tory perk. 1961H. S. Turner Something Extraordinary v. 116 The child allowance..is regarded as a perk for the parents. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard 11 Perks were part of the profession. 1976Daily Mirror 16 July 9/6 British Rail are cutting back on travel perks for their top managers following last year's {pstlg}500 million loss. 1977Times 8 Feb. 17/1 The philistines would be foolish to regard aid for the arts merely as a perk provided by all for the esoteric pursuits of the few.
▪ III. perk, n.3
Also perc.
[Abbrev. of percolator.]
a. A coffee percolator.
b. Coffee made in a percolator.
1934F. E. Baily Fleet St. Girl iii 59 Amazing coffee Charles makes in that electric perc. 1941J. Smiley Hash House Lingo 42 Perk, coffee. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. xv. 264 Perc from percolator. 1956H. Gold Man who was not with It (1965) xxx. 277 But don't try to use the perc, you're too stupid. 1960Wentworth & Flexner Dict. Amer. Slang 384/1 Perk, perc n., percolated coffee, as opposed to that boiled in a pan. Orig. cowboy use; later hobo use.
▪ IV. perk, a.|pɜːk|
Also 6 perke, 7 peark(e.
[Of uncertain origin: goes with perk v.1 (which is known much earlier). The Welsh perc compact, trim, percus smart, are from Eng.]
Self-assertive, self-satisfied, saucy, pert, ‘cocky’; brisk, lively, in good spirits; smart.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Feb. 8 They wont in the wind wagge their wrigle tailes, Perke as Peacock. a1640W. Fenner Cont. Christ's Alarm (1657) 10 It makes the heart peark, and brisk. 1642Rogers Naaman 52 To suffer us to wax pearke, and sawcy with him. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 124 The dew-rais'd flower was perk and proud. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Perk, adj. brisk; lively; proud. 1892Cosmopolitan XII. 120/2 How perk and military the bearing of each.
▪ V. perk, v.1|pɜːk|
Also 5 pyrk, 6 pirke, Sc. park, 6–7 peark(e), perke, 7 pirck, perck, peerk, pierk, 7–8 pirk.
[Of uncertain origin: goes with perk a. It has been suggested to be the same word as perch v.1 (cf. perk v.2); but there are obvious difficulties. Welsh percu to smarten, trim, is from Eng. (cf. sense 2). The sense-development is also uncertain.]
I. intr.
1. a. To carry oneself in a smart, brisk, or jaunty manner; to assume or have a lively, self-assertive, or self-conceited attitude or air.
c1380Minor Poems fr. Vernon MS. liii. 81 Þe popeiayes perken, and pruynen for proude. a1550Pore Helpe 344 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 264 But these babes be to yonge, Perkynge vpon theyr patins. 1632Quarles Div. Fancies i. iv, O! what a revishment 't had been to see Thy little Saviour perking on thy Knee! a1734North Exam. i. ii. §97 The Loyalists..who sneaked, and their Enemies insulted, while he sat pirking there. 1801Lamb Let. to Manning Apr., By perking up upon my haunches, and supporting my carcase with my elbows, I can see the white sails. 1957M. Spark Comforters viii. 197 Her whole body seemed to perk with delight.
b. To lift one's head, raise oneself, or thrust oneself forward, briskly, boldly, or impudently. Also with up.
a1591H. Smith Wks. (1866–7) I. 35 When their father and mother fall out, they [children] perk up between them like little mediators, and with many pretty sports make truce. a1624Bp. M. Smith Serm., Heb. i. 1 (1632) 201 The snaile, when..he will be pearking and peeping abroad. 1676G. Etherege Man of Mode i. i, She shall..perk up i'the face of Quality. 1827in Hone Every-day Bk. II. 190 Chinese figures, their round, little-eyed, meek faces perking sidewise. 1839–40W. Irving Wolfert's R. iii. (1855) 15 The loquacious cat-bird flew from bush to bush with restless wing..or perked inquisitively into his face. 1842Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. ii. Old Woman in Grey, The old woman perk'd up as brisk as a bee. 1901G. Douglas House w. Green Shutters 288 She tossed her head, and perked away from him on her little high heels.
c. fig. To exalt oneself or thrust oneself forward ambitiously or presumptuously; to behave impudently or insolently; to play the upstart. Also with up.
1529Latimer 1st Serm. Card ⁋26 These proude Phariseys which..wyll perke and presume to sitte by Christ in the Church. 1571Golding Calvin on Ps. i. 4 Although y⊇ vngodly persone perke vp like a highe tree. 1620Sanderson Serm., 1 Cor. xii. 7 §23 It is a very hard thing..to excell others in gifts, and not perke aboue them in self-conceipt. 1647Trapp Comm. Jas. iv. 12 What dost thou then do pierking into his place? 1683Bunyan Case Consc. Resolved (1861) II. 673 That they should not give heed to women that would be perking up on matters of worshipping God. 1686F. Spence tr. Varillas' Ho. Medicis 33 Piero de Medici, whose father perk'd up onely out of the Order of bare Gentlemen. a1703Burkitt On N.T. 1 Cor ix. 27 He knew that Hagar would quickly perk up, and domineer over Sarah. 1812Southey Omniana I. 35 Be sure not to suffer your reason to perk up and be dictating therein.
d. Also to perk it.
1661Feltham Resolves ii. i. 176 Shall..the worm offer to perk it up at the face of Man? 1683Bunyan Case Consc. Resolved (1861) II. 673 When Miriam began to perk it before Moses. 1714Pope Epil. Rowe's J. Shore 46 That Edward's Miss thus perks it in your face. a1734North Exam. ii. v. §14 Better..to bogtrot in Ireland, than to pirk it in Preferment no better dressed.
e. fig. Of a thing: To project or stick up or out, or to rise or lift itself, in a manner suggesting briskness or self-assertion.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. i. (1879) 50 Hattes... Sometimes they were them sharp on the crowne, pearking up like a sphere [= spear]. 1642Rogers Naaman 63 We are like to light Corke, which..(except a man hold it under by a strong hand) will pearke to the top. 1651N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. ii. vi. (1739) 36 This Gourd..might prove no less prejudicial by creeping upon the ground, than by perking upward. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes xii. (1850) 120/2 Ancient habitations, with high garret gable-windows perking into the roofs. 1866R. Chambers Ess. Ser. i. 43 Her neat apron,..from the front of which perk out two smart, provoking-looking pockets.
f. With up: To recover from depression or sickness; to recover liveliness. colloq.
a1656Ussher Ann. vi. (1658) 542 Thus Asia, which before was plagued with the Publicans..begins to pirck up again. c1670O. Heywood Diaries, etc. (1881) II. 346 To bow down his head as a bulrush, which in a wet day stoops, but in a sun-shine day perks up again. 1706Phillips, To Perk up, or Perk up again,..to recover after Sickness. 1892Gentlewoman's Bk. Sports I. 163 You will soon perk up, quite ready to start again. 1936Wodehouse Laughing Gas iii. 31 As the days went along, I found myself perking up a bit. I seemed to be making progress. 1936M. Mitchell Gone with Wind vii. 132 Dr. Fontaine admitted that he was puzzled, after his tonic of sulphur, molasses and herbs failed to perk her up. 1957M. Spark Comforters i. 18 Then she perked up. 1957E. Eager Magic by Lake iv. 89 It seemed to do him good. For he perked up noticeably, and the flush of health began to appear on his wan cheek. 1962Listener 20 Dec. 1041/1 The rate of growth dropped to 3 per cent. between 1958 and 1961. It is only in the past year or so that it has perked up. 1977Time 10 Jan. 44/2 The Christmas results constituted fresh evidence that consumers are starting to spend again and the sluggish economy is perking up. 1977Lancet 6 Aug. 291/2 Within days of stopping propranolol the patient perked up and became once more his old self.
II. trans.
2. a. To make spruce or smart, to smarten; to prank, to trim, as a bird does its plumage. Also with up, out.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 358 Now I, prynse pyrked prykkyd in pryde. 1590Lodge Euphues Gold. Leg. (Cassell) 184 She looked like Flora perked in the pride of all her flowers. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. iii. 21 Tis better to be lowly borne,..Then to be perk'd vp in a glistring griefe, And weare a golden sorrow. 1753School of Man 4 The She-Linnet..prunes her wings, cleanses her tail, and perks herself out to enjoy a fine day. 1838J. P. Kennedy Rob of Bowl xiv. 148 You are not quite a woman yourself—though you perk yourself up so daintily. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. iii, His poor fraction of sense has to be perked into some epigrammatic shape, that it may prick into me. 1850Hawthorne American Note-Bks. (1883) 374 Poor enough to perk themselves in such false feathers as these.
b. To enliven; elevate; stimulate interest in. Usu. with up.
1965Amer. Speech XL. 287 The plentiful examples..are often entertaining enough..to perk up the laziest student. 1968Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 9/3 The election so perked up spirits that many people began talking of new possibilities of cooperation and solidarity among the 22 active member states of the OAS. 1973Publishers Weekly 1 Jan. 53/1 His hardnosed critique of modern capitalism..and his incisive study of the New Left's shortcomings..are sufficiently pragmatic to perk the interest of a good many readers concerned with change. 1976Scotsman 15 Dec. 20/4 In the last week nearly {pstlg}1 million—in theory at any rate—has changed hands down south as clubs attempt to perk up ailing sides with that most obvious of remedies. 1976Time 20 Dec. 32/2 After 34 years of perking up Washington as a White House reporter..Auntie Mameish Liz Carpenter is heading home to Austin, Texas.
c. To say or comment in a brisk, lively, or self-assertive manner. rare.
1940W. Empson Gathering Storm 15 Small lar that sunned itself in Mercury And perked one word there that made space ends meet. 1973C. Himes Black on Black 135 ‘Maybe it's some scoff from the government's thing for the poor folks,’ she perked hopefully.
3. a. To raise briskly or smartly, to prick up; to hold up smartly or self-assertively; to thrust or poke out. Also refl. to perk oneself.
a1591H. Smith Serm. (ed. Tegg) I. 310 As the little birds perk up their heads when their dam comes with meat. 16022nd Pt. Return fr. Parnass. i. vi. 469 You light skirt starres,..By glomy light perke out your doutfull heads. 1642Rogers Naaman 170 The spirit of presumption, which prides and pearks up it selfe. 1652Culpepper Eng. Physic. 216 A Monster called Superstition perks up his head. 1784Cowper Task vi. 318 The squirrel..there whisks his brush, And perks his ears. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. II. 176 A flower..Perks up its head. 1826Scott Jrnl. 26 Apr., Those [papers] you are not wanting perk themselves in your face again and again. 1874Burnand My Time xii. 104 ‘Dear me!’ ejaculated her mother, pretending to perk herself up. 1879Jefferies Wild Life in S. Co. 165 [The blackbird] perks his tail up, and challenges the world with the call already mentioned.
b. pa. pple. Raised, erect, sitting upright.
1797–1802G. Colman Br. Grins, Lady of Wreck ii. xvi, Perked on its..haunches stood the..reptile. 1879Dowden Southey 7 The small urchin, long perked up and broad awake.
Hence perked ppl. a., ˈperking vbl. n.
a1624Bp. M. Smith Serm., 1 Pet. v. 6 (1632) 169 The kingdome of God is neither sitting, nor standing, nor perking, nor stouping. 1828Craven Gloss. (ed. 2), Peearked, perched, elated, proud. 1828P. Cunningham N. S. Wales (ed. 3) II. 150 It is only our native coachman with his spread-out fan-tail and perked-up crest.
▪ VI. perk, v.2 Now dial.
Also 6–7 pearke.
[Collateral form of perch v.1, chiefly northern and E. Anglian. Cf. NFr. perquer = F. percher. Its later use sometimes approaches perk v.1]
intr. Of birds: To perch; also transf. of persons.
[1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 237 The cowschet crowdis and pirkis on the rys.] 1588Greene Perimedes Wks. (Grosart) VII. 72 The Eagle and the Doue, pearke not on one branche. a1600Montgomerie Misc. P. xviii. 41 This girking pearkit in a place, Quharin ouer long he did delyt. 1797–1802G. Colman Br. Grins, Luminous Hist. xxx, Beauties who on eminences perk. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Perk, v., to perch.
†b. quasi-pass. and refl. To set oneself or be set, esp. on some elevation. Chiefly in pa. pple., which prob. in origin belonged to the intr. use. Obs.
1513Douglas æneis iii. iv. 72 Ane, on a rokkis [printed rolkis] pynnakle perkit hie Celeno clepit, a drery prophetes. a1529Skelton Ware the Hauk 70 On the rode loft She perkyd her to rest. 1588Greene Pandosto Ded. (1607) 3 Cæsars Crowe durst neuer crie, Aue, but when she was pearked on the Capitoll. 1639Sanderson Serm., Rom. xv. 6 §20 One Man..hath perked himself up at length in the Temple of God. 1794U. Price Ess. Picturesque I. 215 The prim squat clump is perked up exactly on the top of every eminence.
▪ VII. perk, v.3 colloq. (orig. U.S.).
Also perc.
[Abbrev. of percolate v.]
a. trans. To make (coffee) in a percolator; to boil (coffee) up. Also absol.
b. intr. Of coffee: to percolate, bubble, or boil (also said of the vessel). Also transf. and fig. Hence perked ppl. a., ˈperking vbl. n.
In fig. uses not easily distinguished from perk v.1 1 f.
1934in Webster. 1936Mencken Amer. Lang. (ed. 4) v. 192 To perc (to make coffee in a percolator). 1939C. Morley Kitty Foyle 330 We..flopped ourselves down and perked some coffee. 1940C. McCullers Heart is Lonely Hunter (1943) i. iv. 46 An electric coffee-pot was perking on the table. 1943in Simmons & Meyer This is your Amer. III. 33 This unit will toast the bread..perk the coffee. 1948F. Brown Murder can be Fun (1951) vii. 102 I'll start some coffee perking. 1952G. W. Brace Spire (1953) xx. 202, I always perked the stuff... We thought the perking was as good as magic. Ibid., I decided the perked stuff was too thin. 1960‘E. McBain’ Give Boys Great Big Hand vi. 54, I think the coffee's perking. 1964Which? Feb. 47/2 All the percolators were allowed to ‘perc’ for 10 minutes. 1972Newsweek 10 Jan. 19 By summer, so the calculations go, the economy will be perking quite nicely, and the President will go to the people as the agent of newfound prosperity. 1972Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 25 June 7/4 They are designed to boost employment and get slow-growth areas of Canada perking from a new-industry point of view. 1973K. Giles File on Death iii. 78 Come in, sport, and take some coffee. I was just perking some up. 1976D. Heffron Crusty Crossed ix. 72 She showed us how to perk the coffee and conquer the toaster. 1977P. Harcourt At High Risk i. 37 While I waited for the coffee to perc, I made my bed.
▪ VIII. perk, perke
obs. or dial. forms of park. |