| 释义 |
▪ I. permit, v.|pəˈmɪt|
[ad. L. permittĕre to let go, give up, surrender, allow, suffer, permit, f. per- 1, 3 + mittĕre to let go, let loose, send: perh. after F. permettre, 13th c. parmetre (Godef.), 14th c. permetre (Littré); It. permettere, in same sense.]
I. To allow, suffer, give leave; not to prevent.
1. trans. With the action or fact as object: To admit or allow the doing or occurrence of; to give leave or opportunity for. With simple obj., obj. cl., or inf.; sometimes also with indirect obj. (dat.) of agent (with or without to).
1489Caxton Faytes of A. iii. xii. 192 To a man in deffense is permytted to hurt another. 1538Starkey England i. iv. 113 The law doth command no such intaylyng, but permyttyth hyt only. 1539Bible (Great) 1 Cor. xiv. 34 It is not permitted vnto them to speake. 1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. i. 117 He permitis, that in general parleaments twa or thrie of thame be present. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece i. iv. (1715) 14 It being permitted any Man..to make an Appeal to the People. a1700Dryden (J.), Age..permits not that our mortal members..should retain the vigour of our youth. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair liv, Sir Pitt..would by no means permit the introduction of Sunday papers into his household. 1856Froude Hist. Eng. I. iii. 183 Appeals were permitted only from one ecclesiastical court to another. 1866Howells Venet. Life iii. 34, I permit myself, throughout this work, the use of [etc.].
2. a. With the agent, etc. as direct object: To allow, give leave to (a person or thing) to do (or undergo) something. With inf. act. or pass. (rarely without to); sometimes ellipt. with simple obj.
1514Barclay Cyt. & Uplondyshm. (Percy Soc.) 22 No law permytteth, nor wylleth man..To commyt mordre. 1526Tindale Acts xxvi. 1 Thow arte permitted to speake for thy silfe. 1594Willobie Avisa L j b, When tyme permits you not to talke. 1614Jackson Creed iii. xxv. §4 To permit malefactors trauerse the equitie of publique lawes. 1640Habington Queen of Arragon ii, Will you permit The Generall kneele so long? 1748Anson's Voy. ii. vi. 205 They had been permitted to wait on him. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xii, Nothing could prevail upon her to permit me from home. 1771Junius Lett. l. (1772) II. 195 Permit me to recommend him to your Grace's protection. 1881Henty Cornet of Horse x. (1888) 97 Words..which Sir William had in his anger permitted himself to use.
b. refl. with in: To allow oneself to indulge in or commit; not to refrain from. (Cf. allow 9.)
1678H. More Lett. (1694) 29 Whoever permits himself in any sin..is his own Prison and Jailour. 1849Froude Nemesis of Faith 79 Having..never permitted themselves in extravagance. 1870Ruskin Lect. Art (1875) 96 They will permit themselves in awkwardness, they will permit themselves in ugliness.
3. a. absol. or intr. To give leave or opportunity; to allow; (usually in subord. cl. with as or if); spec. in phr. weather permitting, if the weather permits or allows, and in similar phrases.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 32 As..they presupposed the roundenesse of the earth would permitte. 1612Brinsley Lud. Lit. ix. (1627) 147 To examine over all the noted words, as time permits. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) IV. 412 As far as the law would in that case allow or permit. 1840C. Brown in H. E. Rollins Lett. J. Keats (1958) I. i. 422 ‘Weather permitting’, unless of the bad and excessive kind, was not of much force in our agreement. 1895J. W. Budd in Law Times XCIX. 544/2 A matter on which, had time permitted, I should have been glad to have said something. 1922Joyce Ulysses 611 It was not so dear, purse permitting, a few guineas at the outside, considering the fare to Mullingar where he figured on going was five and six there and back. 1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. i. ii. 36 Compare also the phrase weather permitting, where the meaning implied is one of condition. [Note] Also funds permitting, and similar combinations. 1978T. Allbeury Lantern Network iii. 32 Arms..will be dropped to your instructions, weather permitting.
b. intr. with of: To allow of, admit of.
1860Tyndall Glac. i. xii. 87 The crack was not wide enough to permit of the entrance of my finger nail. 1875E. White Life in Christ iv. xxvi. (1878) 426 It consisted with the Divine wisdom to permit..of the corruption of patriarchal theology into pantheism and world-wide idolatry.
II.
†4. trans. To put, or allow to pass, out of one's own keeping or power into that of another (or of some force, influence, etc.); to commit, submit, hand over; to give up, resign, leave; to refer (to the will of). Const. to (unto). Obs.
1545Joye Exp. Dan. Ded. A iv b, Whiche my labours I permytte to the judgement of the godly & learned. 1614Raleigh Hist. World v. v. §7. 691 That..they should wholly permit themselves to the good pleasure of the Senate. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 554 What thou livst Live well, how long or short permit to Heav'n. 1725Pope Odyss. ix. 403 He..then permits their udder to the lambs. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xxvi. (1819) 457 There are advantages in permitting events to chance.
†5. To leave undone, unused, etc.; to let pass, let slip, pass by, pass over, pretermit, omit. Obs.
1566Painter Pal. Pleas. (1813) II. 177 Shee, good gentle⁓woman, woulde permyt no duetye..unperformed. 1588Greene Pandosto (1607) 38 If they permitted this good weather, they might staye long yer they had such a faire winde. 1692Narr. Earl Nottingham, Not to leave it possible to be objected to him that he had permitted any⁓thing that might prevent the escape of the French ships.
▪ II. permit, n.
(ˈpɜːmɪt, formerly pəˈmɪt)
[f. permit v. (with later shifting of stress: Bailey, Johnson, Webster 1828 have perˈmit).]
1. A written order giving permission to do something, a warrant, a licence; esp. one permitting the landing or removal of dutiable or excisable goods.
1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 122 The Goods shall be again visited..and the Sufferance or Permit shall be examined by the Clarks of the Office. 1745P. Thomas Jrnl. Anson's Voy. 299 Here we lay..not having a Permit from the Chautuck, which Permit they call a Chop. 1860Merc. Marine Mag. VII. 157 Vessels are not allowed to leave..the..Dock until they have presented their permits to the..Dock Master. 1864Knight Passages Work. Life I. 72 The liquor-merchant did not dare to send out a dozen of wine or a gallon of spirits without a permit. 1884Times (weekly ed.) 10 Oct. 13/1 The Serf was required to carry a written permit or passport.
attrib. and Comb.1737J. Chamberlayne St. Gt. Brit. ii. 86 Eighteen Permit Writers in Excise, Coffee, Tea, etc. 1774in 14th Rep. R. Comm. Hist. Manuscripts App. x. 393 in Parl. Papers 1895 (C. 7883) LIX. 1 Have coaxed the people to part with their money and give paper in return to keep up armies of placemen, permit men, custom house officers, pensioners and soldiers. 1901Daily Chron. 4 Dec. 5/3 Permits issued by the South African Permit Office..will be necessary for all persons landing in South Africa. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 11 Mar. 4/1 It will be a method of checking bootlegging, and preventing those who are not permit-holders from coming into possession of liquor. 1926T. E. Lawrence Seven Pillars v. lvii. 300 A mixed body of Egyptian and British military police came round the train... It was proper to make war on permit-men, so I replied crisply. 1933Brit. Birds XXVII. 138 Last year and again this year, this colony was wiped out,..and so permit-holders visited the colonies on the gravel bed instead. 1945Seafarers' Log 13 Apr. 7/1 To members in full standing, who bring in their friends for permit cards, study the last weeks LOG on the Agents Conference pertaining to permit men. 1977Evening Gaz. (Middlesbrough) 11 Jan. 14/5 But it will not affect last year's winner, Tsuru, one of two representatives for Somerset permit-holder and wholesale butcher Tony Cobden who has also declared Rio.
2. Permission, leave (esp. formally given). (In first quot. fig. from 1. In uses like those in quots. a 1816, 1885, sometimes stressed perˈmit.)
c1730Fielding Rape upon Rape iv. vii, He that would sin with impunity must have thy permit. 1733Pol. Ballads (1860) II. 238 For sure 'tis unjust as well as unfit We should sell our own goods without their permit. a1816Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Introd. View (1830) 14 If the fraternity of lawyers..could not find adequate inducement for giving it their permit. 1885in Law Times LXXVIII. 393/2 The rank of Q. C. is..merely a permit to a barrister to do a certain kind of barristerial work. |