| 释义 |
▪ I. phone, n.1 Phonetics.|fəʊn|
[ad. Gr. ϕωνή voice.]
1. An elementary sound of spoken language; a simple vowel or consonant sound. Also = allophone.
In quot. 1892 used for one of the sounds uttered by monkeys, supposed by the writer to express certain ideas (corresponding to words in human speech).
a1866J. Grote in Jrnl. Philol. (1872) IV. 55 When I mean words as sounded I shall use the term phone (like zone, ϕωνή, ζώνη). 1890in Cent. Dict. 1892R. L. Garner Speech Monkeys xiii. 137 There is a difference in the phones of all different genera. 1896R. J. Lloyd in Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XXXI. 233 The movable units of which the sounds called words are composed may be called phones... A phone which either by itself constitutes a syllable or is the strongest phone in a syllable is called a vowel. The weaker connective phones are called consonants. 1899― North. Eng. §2 A logical alphabet has one letter for each phone and one phone for each letter. 1924H. E. Palmer Gram. Spoken Eng. i. 1 A phone may be a simple sound, such as [f]..or it may be an intimate combination of simple sounds, such as [tʃ]... On the other hand, sounds such as non-significant glides are not phones. 1942Language XVIII. 8 A phone is a member of a phoneme. 1950Ibid. XXVI. 90 In the latter meaning, the term ‘phone’ is a shorter equivalent of ‘allophone’. 1957[see allophone]. 1959E. Pulgram Introd. Spectrogr. of Speech xix. 145 All those phones, that is, events of articulation, which are linguistically identifiable with one another though not acoustically identical with one another, belong to the same class, which we call phoneme. 1961W. R. Brain Speech Disorders 9 A phone is the name for a single isolable sound made in the course of speech by a speaker. 1964[see allophone]. 1971D. Crystal Linguistics iv. 178 The term ‘phoneme’ had been used in the nineteenth century, but it referred to a unit of sound (that is, a phonetic unit—what we would usually these days call a ‘phone’), and not to any abstract notion involving contrastivity. 1975L. M. Hyman Phonology 8 The units of phonetic description are sound segments (or phones), while the units of phonological description are phonemes. 1976Language LII. 317 In the early distinctive-feature model, phonemes are redundancy-free versions of the corresponding phones.
2. Special Combs., as phone-type, a speech-sound considered as a purely phonetic event.
1961F. W. Householder in Saporta & Bastian Psycholinguistics 19/2 Biuniqueness..means that to any given phone-type in a given environment there must correspond only one possible phoneme, and to any phoneme in a given string there must correspond only one phone-type. Ibid., It is frequently simpler and more elegant to have units so chosen that a given phone-type in one environment may be an allophone of one such phoneme, but in another an allophone (or the only allophone) of a different one. 1965R. L. Kellogg in Besinger & Creed Medieval & Linguistic Stud. 67 We might add that the fixed formula is to the abstract pattern of which it is a manifestation as the phonetype is to the phoneme.
▪ II. phone, n.2|fəʊn|
Also 'phone.
1. Colloq. abbreviation of telephone n. Also, a telephone call.
1884Sci. Amer. 19 July 43/2, I made a telephone as shown in the Scientific American, Supplement, No. 142. The phones are made of ebony, and are perfect. 1899Westm. Gaz. 18 Apr. 2/1 The receiver of this ‘phone’ consisted of a horizontal cylinder divided vertically by a diaphragm which projected several inches beyond the front orifice. 1900N.B. Daily Mail 3 Jan. 6 In the matter of calling up the Exchange and ringing off, the Postmaster General says these should be done by taking off and hanging up the phone. 1903Architect 24 Apr. Suppl. 28/2 ‘Jersey City is on the 'phone’. 1922J. Reith Diary 6 Nov. (1975) i. 87 Many phones from the National Liberal Headquarters asking for speakers. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §808/5 Telephone call,..phone. 1943J. Thurber Men, Women & Dogs 105 If I called the wrong number, why did you answer the phone? 1949N. Spain Death goes on Skis iii. viii. 186 For an intellectual she seems to be quite illiterate..saying 'phone for telephone. 1960K. Amis Take Girl like You xxvii. 306 A telephone was ringing... ‘Jenny, someone on the phone for you.’ 1974M. Spark Abbess of Crewe i. 30 Mildred treads softly over the green carpet..and answers the phone. 1976Daily Tel. 13 Nov. 17/3 A 19-year-old youth made an estimated 1,000 fraudulent telephone calls..and was on the 'phone for 63 hours.
2. Colloq. abbrev. of ear-phone s.v. ear n.1 17, head-phone. Usu. pl.
1913Wireless World May p. v (Advt.), High resistance 'phones. 1926R. Macaulay Lett. to Sister (1964) 27 No longer..does the husband have to sit in the evenings and listen to inanities from his wife..; he and she can now both sit in silence, with the phones on their ears. 1948Electronics Aug. 88/2 A person listening to sound through a binaural system has the illusion that the sound originates in the room rather than in the phones. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 256 Some degree of control of volume can be achieved with telephone receiver type phones by moving them a little off the ear. 1970J. Earl Tuners & Amplifiers iii. 76 It also pays for the amplifier etc. to carry a loudspeaker switch to cut the speakers when listening on 'phones. 1977Rolling Stone 24 Mar. 79/2 Played back over the phones part of the system..the sense of space and realism of sound is unbelievable.
3. attrib. and Comb. (in sense 1), as phone bell, phone call, phone caller, phone exchange [exchange n. 10 c], phone installation, phone jack [jack n.1 15 d], phone kiosk, phone message, phone operator [operator 5 a], phone order, phone receiver, phone wire; phone-answering ppl. adj. and vbl. n.; phone bill, an account for the cost of hire of a telephone and of calls made from it; phone book, a telephone directory; phone booth, box, a box-like kiosk in which a public telephone is installed; phonecard, a pre-paid card designed for use with a cardphone; phone number, the identifying call-number assigned to a telephone, line, etc.; phone patch [patch n.1 6 f], a temporary radio link made to establish communication between a radio operator and a telephone user; phone-tapping vbl. n. = telephone-tapping vbl. n.; so phone-tap n. and v. trans.; phone-tapper.
1976New Yorker 23 Feb. 30/2 The Silverstein headquarters..has a phone-answering machine that will deliver a tape-recorded message from the candidate. 1977E. Ambler Send no more Roses v. 111 Business accommodation services which provided mail-forwarding and phone-answering.
1937M. Allingham Dancers in Mourning xxv. 300 The 'phone bell alone was silent and everyone..was waiting for that shrill, familiar alarum. 1950T. Walsh Nightmare in Manhattan (1951) iii. 86 The phone bell had given him a first intuitive comprehension. 1972‘H. Howard’ Nice Day for Funeral v. 82 It was the phone bell that prodded me awake.
1965N. Freeling Criminal Conversation i. ix. 63 Sounds like your night for collecting a phone bill. Why not do this in the office—then you wouldn't have to pay for them? 1972Guardian 24 Aug. 20/5 He..had to sell his camera to pay his phone bill.
1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby (1926) ix. 198 Meyer Wolfshiem's name wasn't in the phone book. 1963‘E. McBain’ Ten Plus One (1964) ii. 23 Carella picked up the phone book and looked up the number. 1977G. Scott Hot Pursuit vi. 56 Give us a ring. We're in the phone book.
1927W. R. James Cow Country vii. 199 He came back in the hotel and went in the phone⁓booth and there he proceeded to call them up, one after another. 1952S. Kauffmann Philanderer (1953) xi. 186 He had to fret away three or four minutes outside the busy phone booth. 1976‘M. Delving’ China Expert vi. 72 One of the phone booths across the street.
1954M. Stewart Madam, will you Talk? xvi. 127 There's a phone box a mile or so along the road. 1968‘R. Raine’ Night of Hawk xiv. 75 Henry made an anonymous call to the police from a near-by phone box. 1977D. James Spy at Evening ix. 61, I left the hot-house atmosphere of the phone box.
1929D. Hammett Dain Curse (1930) xv. 166, I wasn't convinced that my phone call was of any importance. 1959N. Mailer Advts. for Myself (1961) 198 About a month later, this letter was followed by a phone call. 1977W. McIlvanney Laidlaw xxxviii. 179 There had been a funny phone-call for me when I got back..checking that I could still be reached here.
1972J. Philips Vanishing Senator (1973) ii. ii. 67 Some of those letter writers and phone callers might be willing to help.
[1980Brit. Telecom Jrnl. I. ii. p. xxi. (Advt.), Call up the future with Phonocard. Pre-paid card public telephone box.] 1982Brit. Telecommunications Engineering Apr. 9/1 A public-service trial began in July 1981 of 200 payphones which accept as means of payment, instead of coins, a pre-paid phone card. 1983Ambit July 11/3 The regular payphone user may well buy the special phone-cards, but casual users probably won't. 1986Daily Tel. 19 Nov. 1/3 Payment will be by phonecards which will be sold in buffet cars and from train trolleys.
1939R. Campbell Flowering Rifle v. 131 In the munition-works, the 'phone-exchange.
1924H. Crane Let. 29 Jan. (1965) 173 Putting down money for a phone installation. 1946P. Carter in Astounding Sci. Fict. Aug. 49/2 He pulled out the phone jack, plugged it in elsewhere. 1973New Yorker 14 Apr. 32/2 It will have phone jacks, so the staff will be able to answer queries without going back to a central desk. 1976M. Machlin Pipeline ii. 31 There was a phone jack just behind his chair in the dining room.
1968R. V. Beste Repeat Instructions xv. 154 He..went out to the phone kiosk and arranged to see King. 1977G. Markstein Chance Awakening lv. 169 That silent street corner by the 'phone kiosk.
1930M. Allingham Mystery Mile xxiii. 217 He overheard a 'phone message. 1955Times 23 July 4/4 Norbury knows nothing about this. In all the 'phone messages I have impersonated him. 1978M. Birmingham Sleep in Ditch 117 He has no address now, just gets a phone message once a month telling him where to send a money order.
1911G. S. Porter Harvester xvii. 393, I want Dr. Frank Harmon... I don't know the 'phone number. 1960C. MacInnes Mr. Love & Justice 51 I'm a seaman... I've got stacks of foreign phone numbers in my diary. 1971R. Rendell One Across vi. 51 One day he'd walk in..to find the lot of them gone and a note on the table with a Chigwell phone number on it. 1973E. Hyams Final Agenda vi. 82 Call that phone operator and make sure she knows English, French or German.
1932New Yorker 4 June 7 (Advt.), Mail and phone orders filled. 1975Ibid. 20 Oct. 38/1 Martin finds phone⁓patch relays difficult; he forgets to say ‘Over’ when it's time for his father to speak, and he can't get used to the idea of not being able to interrupt. 1976Perkowski & Stral Joy of CB xii. 142 A phone patch links a mobile rig to a land line through a base station. The mobile user contacts a base station with a phone patch. The base station operator then places the call, and connects the land line to the base's rig, placing the telephone handset in a cradle device or otherwise establishing an electrical connection with the rig. Once the connection is made, a voice-operated transmitter relay or a switch operated by the base station operator transmits the voice of the land-line party through the base transmitter.
1970R. Lowell Notebk. 191 He's trying to part his hair on the phone-receiver.
1959Daily Tel. 10 Dec. 1/8 Motion of censure on ‘phone tap’. 1966‘G. Black’ You want to die, Johnny? vii. 130, I didn't think he'd known about the phone tap. 1973J. Wainwright Pride of Pigs 169 No sweat, princess. They don't phone-tap too easily in this country, so we're okay. 1976W. Greatorex Crossover 193 Meade had just told him of the phone-tap report. Ibid. 191 She said it in Russian knowing that the phone tappers would have to send the tape to the linguists.
1957Times 12 June 9/5 We are thus, it seems, to have phone-tapping on suspicion. 1976R. Perry One Good Death v. 68 Phone-tapping had become one of the essential props of modern government.
1951Phone wire [see Phonevision]. 1964L. Deighton Funeral in Berlin xxxvii. 227 Two G.P.O. phone wires had been brought in..and could be attached to the handset. 1978R. Hill Pinch of Snuff v. 44 The phone wire was cut.
Add:[3.] (in sense 1) phone line [line n.2 1 e (i)].
1948F. Brown Murder can be Fun (1951) xiv. 215 There's been a bug on your *phone line for three days. 1990Daily Tel. 10 Feb. 34/6 For those homeowners forced into debt by rising interest rates, the Portsmouth Building Society has set up a free debt counselling phoneline.
▸ phone bank n. orig. and chiefly U.S. = telephone bank n.1
1962Appleton (Wisconsin) Post-Crescent 6 Nov. b8/4 The Reynolds then drove to the Labor Temple where they visited with persons operating a ‘*phone bank’ calling voters to remind them to vote. 1970Wall St. Jrnl. 11 Dec. 14/5 For several days before the election, volunteer-manned phone banks used computer print-outs to remind Democratic-leaning citizens to vote. 2001K. Walker & M. Schone Son of Grifter xxiv. 239 Those offices full of phone banks where aggressive guys jacked up on coffee or cocaine dial suckers and sell them things that don't exist.
▸ phone sex n. sexually explicit telephone conversation engaged in for sexual gratification; the commercial provision of such conversation.
1982Telecom Digest (Electronic text) 2 No. 91 Dial-a-Prayer, Dial-a-Joke and other prerecorded telephone message lines have been joined by an X-rated newcomer named ‘Free *Phone Sex’ whose callers range from curious youngsters to bored night-shift workers. 1987A. Maupin Significant Others iii. 26 Lots of people found relief on the telephone, mutually Master-charging until Nirvana was achieved. Phone sex..provided men with an option that had heretofore been unavailable to them: faking an orgasm. 2000Sun-Herald (Sydney) 18 June 81/1 Is..the phone sex which he implicitly owned up to engaging in, strictly speaking infidelity?
▸ phone tag n. colloq. (orig. and chiefly N. Amer.) = telephone tag n. at telephone n. Additions.
1984Communications News Oct. 60/3 (heading) Added line cuts *phone tag... Simply adding two lines goes a great way toward eliminating telephone tag. 1997B. Wagner I'm losing You (1998) 106 Donny cannot be of help; we've been playing phone tag and now he is in South Africa.
▪ III. phone, v. colloq.|fəʊn|
Also 'phone.
[Abbrev. telephone v.]
a. trans. = telephone v. 1 c. Also const. up and with advbs.
1889Telephone 1 Feb. 56/1 The expression ‘I telephoned So-and-So’, is often rendered ‘I phoned So-and-So.’ 1900Westm. Gaz. 26 Sept. 8 (Advt.) Wire, phone, or write Publisher, ‘Westminster Gazette’, Tudor House, Tudor Street, E.C. 1901Ibid. 4 Sept. 4/2 Mr. Higgins was promptly ‘'phoned’. 1909Daily Chron. 10 Dec. 7/2 He could 'phone up Scotland Yard for a detective. 1910‘W. Lawton’ Boy Aviators on Secret Service ii. 22 Wait a minute while I go to 'phone my resignation. 1962I. Murdoch Unofficial Rose xvi. 159 Was it really necessary to phone me? 1963L. Deighton Horse under Water xliv. 181, I couldn't have Charley phoning up the police. 1974A. Ross Bradford Business 146 [He] offered me a tuppenny piece... ‘Take it,’ he said testily, ‘and phone her back.’ 1976Daily Tel. 2 Nov. 17/2, I 'phoned Paris, and explained what had happened.
b. intr. = telephone v. 1 a. Freq. with particle as phrasal verb or with advbs.
1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby viii. 193 Gatsby..left word with the butler that if any one phoned word was to be brought to him at the pool. 1926E. O'Neill Great God Brown iii. i. 73 Shall I phone for a doctor? 1927Rev. Eng. Stud. Oct. 433 Phrases like e.g. phone through and come across no more represent ‘degradation’ than do give up, give in, ring up, send off, think out. 1932T. S. Eliot Sweeney Agonistes 13 She says will you ring up on Monday... All right, Monday you'll phone through. 1946E. O'Neill Iceman Cometh iv. 231 It was Hickman himself phoned in and said we'd find him here around two. 1955Times 11 June 4/3 If you will 'phone for an appointment when the strike is over, I will try to fix a convenient date. 1959I. Jefferies Thirteen Days viii. 105 He phoned around and..within an hour I had a motley but effective army. 1962L. Deighton Ipcress File xvii. 101 Phone in this time tomorrow. 1972C. Fremlin Appointment with Yesterday vii. 56 You've hardly been in the place two hours, and she has to phone up. 1977F. Branston Up & Coming Man xiii. 147 Andy and I took turns to phone round... Nearly every news desk called back.
c. trans. Const. in. = telephone v. 1 b.
1972Radio Times 28 Dec. 53/1 Parents phone in their questions on the three Rs to Miss Edith Biggs..and Ronald Palmer. 1973Black World Mar. 15 (caption) Tell him to hurry up—I've got to phone in a bomb threat. 1977Gay News 24 Mar. 20/1 We have many flats and bedsits with understanding landlords available now. (Landlords, please phone in your vacancies!)
Hence ˈphoner = telephoner; also phoner-in; ˈphoning vbl. n. = telephoning vbl. n.
1908Daily Chron. 10 Aug. 7/1 So graphically had Enid done her bit of descriptive 'phoning that he was under no illusions as to what he had to do. 1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §808/3 Telephoner, phoner. 1957‘A. Garve’ Narrow Search iii. 80 I'll have to do a bit of phoning in the morning. 1972Listener 27 Jan. 124/1 An excellent job of training phoners to that programme by classic reward and punishment methods. 1975Times 26 Apr. 8/5 Radio 4's The Forbidden Subject was..a phone-in... The phoners-in, with two exceptions, were all women. 1977Belfast Tel. 24 Jan. 3/5, I hope that phoners-in are not an accurate cross-section of the population. 1977Times 12 Feb. 12/1 This is your late night phone-in programme... Mr. Jenkins..says you phoners are ignorant, pathetic and moronic. |