| 释义 |
phonic, a. (n.)|ˈfəʊnɪk, ˈfɒnɪk|
[f. Gr. ϕωνή voice + -ic. Cf. F. phonique (Dict. Acad. 1835).]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to sound in general; acoustic; phonic wheel [tr. F. roue phonique (P. Lacour 1878, in Compt. Rend. LXXXVII. 500)], a toothed disc or rotor of magnetic material which is caused to rotate at a constant speed by an electromagnet energized by alternating, or interrupted direct, current (orig. derived from a tuning fork vibrating against a contact and sustained by another electromagnet); also phonic motor.
1823Wheatstone in Ann Philos. Aug. 81 On the Phonic Molecular Vibrations. 1857Mayne Expos. Lex., Phonic, of or belonging to sound or the voice... The point where is found either the person who speaks, or the body which emits the sound is called the phonic centre. 1878Smithsonian Inst. Rep. 492 The axis of the phonic ray will be deflected upwards. 1878Telegraphic Jrnl. VI. 476/2 M. Paul la Cour has succeeded in causing a phonic wheel to maintain its uniform rate of rotation when acted upon by an accelerating or retarding force of one kilogramme-metre-minute. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Phonic Apparatus. 1906T. E. Herbert Telegraphy 838 Fig. 493 is a general view of the transmitter. At the back may be seen the rectangular frame of a La Cour phonic wheel motor that drives the transmitter. 1924Jrnl. Sci. Instruments I. 162 By making use of a device known as a phonic motor—invented by the late Lord Rayleigh—a wheel is constrained to rotate at a constant speed controlled by an electromagnetically maintained tuning-fork. 1930A. B. Wood Textbk. Sound ii. 129 The phonic motor provides a very convenient and accurate method of determining the frequencies of electrically-maintained forks. 1956IRE Trans. Electronic Computers V. 159/1 The clock frequency is 50 kc, obtained from a phonic wheel on the drum.
2. a. Of or pertaining to vocal sounds: = phonetic 2; phonic method, a method of teaching reading by correlating alphabetic symbols and sounds (= phonics n. pl. 4).
1843(title) The First Phonic Reader. Ibid. 101 Under the phonic method, the sound of each letter is taught by means of an object in which that sound occurs. 1844Croker in Q. Rev. June 38 With no other guide than Dr. Kay Shuttleworth's ‘Phonic Lessons’, we are perfectly satisfied that no child could ever learn at all. 1875T. Hill True Order Stud. 104 Pronounce the phonic elements..separately. 1875G. C. Mast Primer of Phonic Method p. iv, For years it had been his [sc. the Author's] wish to introduce in this country the German, or Phonic method of teaching reading and writing simultaneously. 1896R. J. Lloyd in Jrnl. Anat. & Physiol. XXXI. 234 The usefulness of a vowel depends also upon its distinct phonic character. 1928Ward & Roscoe Approach to Teaching ix. 110 The Phonic Method..has the undoubted advantage that the children, if properly taught, are from the first not afraid to attack new words. 1954Language (Ministry of Educ.) v. 56 The alphabetic method was superseded generally in British schools by the phonic method. 1966J. Derrick Teaching Eng. to Immigrants v. 184 English is not a ‘phonic’ language—the sounds represented by certain letters or groups of letters do not all fit neatly into readily observed and easily learnt patterns (like those of Italian, or Welsh, for instance). 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Linguistics ii. 62 Whatever other factors may have influenced the development of human speech, it is clear that phonic substance (that range of sound which can be produced by the human speech organs and falls within the normal range of human hearing) satisfies the conditions of availability and convenience fairly well. 1973D. Rockey Phonetic Lexicon ii. 36 For many years reading theories have been polarised between two extremes—the phonic method and the so-called ‘Look-and-Say’. 1976Amer. Speech 1974 XLIX. 12 As understood here, a phonic transcription includes the broad phonetic transcription presently favored by European phoneticians, the unsystematic simplification of phonetic forms often used by American dialectologists under the term diaphone, and the systematic broad phonics of Bloch and Trager..that is called ‘classical phonemics’ by generative apologists.
b. Physiol. (a) Applied to a nerve-centre which excites the organs of speech. (b) Produced or accompanied by vibration of the vocal cords: = phonetic 2 b.
1878tr. H. von Ziemssen's Cycl. Med. XIV. 650 This reflex centre..we shall term the basial phonic centre. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 851 The cough and sometimes the laugh are phonic.
†B. n. A body that emits sound, a sonorous body. Obs.
1823C. Wheatstone in Ann. Philos. Aug. 81 Bodies, which, being properly excited, make those sensible oscillations, which have been thought to be the proximate causes of all the phenomena of sound. These bodies..I have termed Phonics. Ibid. 82 The points of division in linear phonics are called nodes. 1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. II. 565/1 The body by which the sound is produced, denominated by Professor Wheatstone a phonic, occasions in the surrounding air vibrations or oscillations, corresponding in number and extent to those which exist in itself.
Hence ˈphonically adv., in respect of vocal sound; in the form of speech sounds.
1959Brno Studies in English I. 12 The spoken norm of language is a system of phonically manifestable language elements. 1962S. R. Levin Linguistic Struct. in Poetry v. 50 The occurrence of phonically or semantically equivalent forms in equivalent positions, either syntagmatically or conventionally defined. 1965[see high a. 4 b]. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 310 The values assigned to the sequences may be analyzed with exclusive regard to the semantic qualities associated with these phonically polar vowels. |