| 释义 |
phono-|fəʊnəʊ|
before a vowel phon-, combining form of Gr. ϕωνή voice, sound, used as a word-element in Gr., as in ϕωνασκός ‘one who exercises the voice’, ϕωνόµῑµος ‘that imitates voice or voices’, and extensively employed in recent technical terms, as phonograph, phonology, etc.; also in the following:
phonoˈdynamograph [cf. dynamograph] (see quot.); ˌphono-electroˈcardioscope Med., an instrument for registering simultaneously the sounds and the electrical changes caused by the heart, or one of these together with the pulse; phono-laˈryngoscope |-dʒəʊskəʊp|, an apparatus for observing the operation of the larynx in the production of speech sounds; so phonolaryngoˈscopic a.; † ˈphonomime [cf. Gr. ϕωνόµῑµος adj., imitating voice], a musical instrument imitating a chorus of voices; so phonoˈmimic a. [F. phonomimique], applied to a system of teaching in which each of the elementary sounds of speech is associated with an appropriate onomatopœic gesture; phonoˈmotor [motor], a scientific toy in which the force of sound-vibrations, acting through a diaphragm and spring, is caused to drive a wheel; ˈphonophote [Gr. ϕώς, ϕωτ- light], an electrical apparatus by which sound-vibrations are converted into light; ˌphonophoˈtography, photographic recording of the physical parameters of speech or singing; hence ˌphonophotoˈgraphic a.; ˌphonophotoˈgraphically adv.; ˈphonoreception Biol., perception of sound by a living organism; hearing; so ˈphonoreceptor, a sensory receptor for sound; ‖ phoˈnorganon, phoˈnorganum [mod.L., f. Gr. ὄργανον: see organ], an instrument imitating the sounds of the voice, a speaking-machine; † ˈphonovision, a system of television in which the signals were stored on gramophone records to be reproduced at will.
1882Nature XXVI. 331/1 Mr. W. B. Cooper has lately brought before the Franklin Institute a device for increasing the dynamic effect of the vibrations of diaphragms..called a *phonodynamograph.
1942Lancet 26 Dec. 759/2 In what he calls by the rather cumbersome name of a *phono-electrocardioscope, G. E. Donovan has introduced an instrument which holds out high promise of useful service to the clinician. Ibid., The most obvious application of the phono-electrocardioscope is in the teaching of auscultation. 1943G. E. Donovan in Jrnl. Inst. Electr. Engin. XC. iii. 39/1 The present apparatus incorporates a double-beam cathode-ray oscilloscope with a fluorescent screen of long afterglow. This permits the simultaneous direct visual observation of two phenomena such as the phonocardiogram and electrocardiogram, or sphygmogram and phonocardiogram, etc., at the patient's bedside. The amplified heart sounds can be heard at the same time. The instrument is called a phono-electrocardioscope. 1950Electronic Engin. XXII. 90/2 In order to time accurately the events of the cardiac cycle, an electrocardiogram occurring simultaneously should accompany a phonocardiogram, and his [sc. Donovan's] apparatus, the phonoelectrocardioscope, is designed on these principles. 1953L. F. Brosnahan Some Old Eng. Sound Changes 11 The production of each of the Dutch vowels, as observed with Russell's ‘*phono-laryngoscope’.
1934Amer. Speech IX. 226/2 A *phonolaryngoscopic examination of the position and function of the various organs of the larynx.
1834New Monthly Mag. XLII. 389 A very singular musical instrument has been lately invented by a mechanic at Vienna. This instrument..is called a *phonomime..the inventor has found a method, by means of numerous pipes and machinery, to cause it to emit the sound of a fine chorus of male voices. 1835Musical Library Suppl. II. 19 The phonomime and performers were placed in a room adjoining... Every one thought that the piece was sung by an excellent choral band.
1884J. C. Gordon in Amer. Ann. Deaf & Dumb Apr. (1885) 135 Each of the 32 sounds of the French language is associated with an appropriate gesture... This process for teaching children to read was called by Mr. Grosselin [the inventor] the *Phonomimic method. 1888Payne tr. Compayre's Hist. Pedagogy (1888) §146. 135 Is not this already the very essence of the phonomimic processes brought into fashion in these last years?
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Supp., *Phonomotor, *Phonophote.
1928M. Metfessel Phonophotogr. in Folk Music 22 All the twists, quavers, trills, breaks in the voice, quick slurs, erratic tempi and other similar features..are.. what *phonophotography will reveal. Ibid. 19 There was no simple ready-made *phonophotographic camera, nor had there ever been any studies which required the detailed reading of the sound wave photographs. 1931T. H. Pear Voice & Personality 17 Dr. Milton Metfessel..has recorded ‘phonophotographically’ the turns..of the ‘Jubilee voice’ of the negro. 1933Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Apr. 408 Seashore's claim..that his phonophotographic methods constitute an objective approach to the study of the beautiful,..in the performance of vocal music. 1935Amer. Speech X. 312/2 By means of phonophotography the readings of several distinguished poets were analyzed for pitch, loudness and duration in an effort to solve some of the fundamental problems of verse. 1939Ibid. XIV. 228/1 The application for the first time of phono-photographic technics to study of melody in isolated southern districts of the United States. 1968P. Oliver Screening Blues 10 Phonophotography and voice-prints may give an accurate translation of certain characteristics of the voice in graphic form.
1940Biol. Rev. XV. 108 The substitution of the term ‘*phonoreception’ for hearing evades the real issue. 1960Neurology X. 662/1 Photoreception and phonoreception provide the principal means of association between the individual and his external environment. 1968D. W. Wood Princ. Animal Physiol. ix. 188 Phono-reception is really a specialized case of mechano-reception, and it is not always easy to distinguish between the two. Ibid., It is probably simpler to include vibration reception in phonoreception and to define the latter as the perception of any mechanical disturbance external to the animal that involves regular repetition.
1961Webster, *Phonoreceptor. 1968D. W. Wood Princ. Animal Physiol. ix. 191 The most primitive phonoreceptor in vertebrates is the lateral line organ-system of fishes and a few amphibians.
1892Ogilvie (Annandale), *Phonorganon.
1927Punch 7 Sept. 253/3 Mr. J. L. Baird, the inventor of television and *phonovision, is reported as saying that some faces sound like a gargle. 1935Times 16 May 9/3 The new system of ‘Phonovision’ demonstrated some years ago in which wax-disk records of television signals were employed in much the same way.
Add: ˈphonodisc Library Science (orig. U.S., now rare), a record or disc (as distinct from a tape, cylinder, or other medium) on which a sound recording is made.
1952Rules for Descriptive Cataloging in Libr. Congress: Phonorecords 1 *Phonodisc (for the commonly called phonograph record, ‘victrola’ record, gramophone record, disc). 1979Lore & Lang. Jan. 23 Sons of Erin, The Town I Love So Well, one 12 inch, 33{oneon3} rpm phonodisc, Erinson Records ERN 1100s. 1982Papers Dict. Soc. N. Amer. 1979 140 MARC-structure formats for non-monograph data (eg, subject headings, maps, films, phonodiscs, serials) have been under development at the Library of Congress since 1966.
phonoˈphobia Path., (a) † [ad. G. Phonophobie (1876) in Allg. Wiener Med. Zeitung XXI. 243], fear of producing sound, as in speech (obs.); (b) dread or intolerance of sound, esp. as a symptom of migraine.
1890Index-Catal. Library Surg.-General's Office, U.S. Army XI. 108/2 *Phonophobia. 1970O. Sacks Migraine i. 47 An exaggeration and intolerance of sounds—phonophobia—is..characteristic of the severe attack. 1977Lancet 3 Sept. 512/2 Nausea, occasional vomiting, and phonophobia and photophobia accompanied the pain. |