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archipelago|ɑːkɪˈpɛləgəʊ|
Pl. -os, -oes. Also 6 archpelago, 6–7 archipelagus, 7 -pelage.
[ad. It. arcipelago, f. arci- chief, principal (arch- 4) + pélago deep, abyss, gulf, pool; cogn. w. Sp. piélago, Pg. pego, Pr. peleg:—L. pelagus (very common in med.L.), a. Gr. πέλαγος sea. In most of the langs. the word had at first the prefix in the native form: OSp. arcipielago, OPg. arcepelago, ME. archpelago, arch-sea. All exc. It. have now archi-. Cf. also arches.
No such word occurs in ancient or mediæval Gr.; ἀρχιπέλαγος in mod. Gr. Dicts. is introduced from western langs. Arcipelago occurs in a Treaty of 30th June 1268, between the Venetians and the emperor Michael Palaeologus: ‘Item, quod pertinet ad insulas de Arcipelago’; it is used also by Villani c 1345. It was evidently a true Italian compound like arciduca, arcipoltrone, arcifelice, suggested probably by the med.L. name of the ægean Sea, Egeopelagus (Venetian state-papers of 1419 have still Ducatus Egeopelagi), repr. Gr. αἰγαιοπέλαγος, αἰγαῖον πέλαγος, and alluding to the vast difference in size between this and the lagoons, pools, or ponds, to which pelago was popularly applied. That it was a corruption or perversion of Egeopelago itself is less probable.]
1. The ægean Sea, between Greece and Asia Minor.
1502Arnold Chron. (1811) 143 Many other iles within the archpelago, that is the gulf be-twix Grese and Turkye. 1684Lond. Gaz. mdccccxci/2 Cruised..with a Squadron of 14 or 15 Men of War in the Archipelago. 1847Grote Greece ii. i. (1862) II. 4 The line [of Eubœan hills] is further prolonged by a series of islands in the Archipelago.
Hence (as this is studded with many isles):
2. Any sea, or sheet of water, in which there are numerous islands; and transf. a group of islands.
[1529Parmentier in Jal Gloss. Nautique, Et me faisois près de l'Archypelague d'auprès de Calicut.] 1600Hakluyt Voy. (1810) III, These broken lands and Islands being very many in number, do seeme to make there an Archipelagus. 1633H. Cogan Pinto's Voy. x. (1663) 32 The Seas of China, Sunda, Banda, and the Molucques..that great Archipelage. 1830Lyell Princ. Geol. I. 122 The numerous archipelagos of the polar ocean. 1845Darwin Voy. Nat. xviii. (1873) 417 Within the archipelagoes. 1857B. Taylor North. Trav. xx. 206 A Skärgaard—archipelago, or ‘garden of rocks,’ as it is picturesquely termed in Norsk.
fig.1862Merivale Rom. Emp. (1865) VII. lx. 260 The continent was an archipelago of insulated communities. |