| 释义 |
phyletic, a. Biol.|faɪˈlɛtɪk|
[a. G. phyletisch (E. Haeckel Generelle Morphologie der Organismen (1866) II. xx. 299), ad. Gr. ϕυλετικός, f. ϕυλέτης a tribesman, f. ϕῡλή a tribe.]
Of or pertaining to the development of a species or other taxonomic group.
1881Science Gossip No. 203. 249 Presenting a picture..of phyletic development (that is, the changes through which the species has passed in its development). 1892Mivart Ess. & Crit. 457 The growth of the species, or phyletic growth. 1893tr. Weismann's Germ-Plasm i. i. 56 The entire phyletic transformation of a species does not by any means alone depend on its intra-cellular variation. 1928Brit. Jrnl. Med. Psychol. VIII. 59 It is my essential position that what we call mental is itself physiological when viewed in a social or phyletic as well as in an individual or ontogenetic sense. 1933Proc. Linn. Soc. CXLV. 155 He does not claim that his analysis necessarily represents the true phyletic position of the various species. 1943[see group-analysis s.v. group n. 6 b]. 1944G. G. Simpson Tempo & Mode in Evolution vii. 205 Phyletic evolution goes on continuously..in populations of all sizes and kinds. 1951G. H. M. Lawrence Taxon. Vascular Plants ii. 96 Some phylogenists have given too little attention to the phyletic significance of pollen grain and starch grain morphology. 1963Davis & Heywood Princ. Angiosperm Taxon. ii. 44 Both phyletic and phylogenetic refer to the course of evolution and are virtually interchangeable. 1969E. Mayr Princ. Systematic Zool. x. 251 Species living at the present time are the current end points of innumerable phyletic lines. 1972Sci. Amer. Jan. 98/3 Individuals representing nothing more than successive stages of a single phyletic line have in a number of cases been assigned distinctive taxonomic names, as if they had actually been contemporaries and neighbors. 1973A. J. Pomerans tr. Piaget & Inhelder's Memory & Intelligence 2 Our first problem, then, is to distinguish between the acquired memory (or the memory proper) and the phyletic memory or conservation and utilization of hereditary information.
Hence phyˈletically adv., as regards the phylum, racially; regarding a common evolutionary descent.
1893tr. Weismann's Germ-Plasm ii. 115 Salamanders..are much younger phyletically, and much more highly organised. 1930Psyche XI. ii. 78 After all, the whole field of man's unconscious life..must be regarded phyletically as man's inattention in the immediate moment. 1933Proc. Linn. Soc. CXLV. 162 A and B may be the nearest allies phyletically. 1950[see intention movement]. 1951G. H. M. Lawrence Taxon. Vascular Plants v. 99 The Magnoliales are phyletically old. 1965Zuckerkandl & Pauling in Bryson & Vogel Evolving Genes & Proteins iii. 164 Any variants within a given type of tertiary structure and function seem to have a much greater chance to be phyletically related than unrelated. 1976Nature 24 June 694/1 Many species will evolve phyletically with no change in size.
▸ phyletic gradualism n. Biol. a model of the evolutionary process which supposes that species arise by the gradual and continuous transformation of populations (in contrast to the punctuated-equilibrium model).
1972N. Eldredge & S. J. Gould in T. J. M. Schopf Models in Paleobiol. 89 In this Darwinian perspective, paleontology formulated its picture for the origin of new taxa... We refer to it here as ‘*phyletic gradualism’. 1973Evolution 29 7/2 Modern emphasis on phyletic gradualism has been an archaic holdover from nineteenth century evolutionists' attempts to document continuous evolutionary change. 1983C. McGowan In Beginning iii. 30 Supporters of the concept of punctuated equilibrium do not deny that species sometimes evolve by phyletic gradualism; they just consider that this is the exception rather than the rule. 1999D. K. Simonton Origins of Genius ii. 70 Evolutionary biologists recognize that phyletic gradualism and punctuated equilibria may represent end points of a continuum. |