| 释义 |
phyletism|ˈfaɪlɪtɪz(ə)m, ˈfiː-|
Also erron. philetism (perh. infl. by philo-).
[f. Gr. ϕυλέτ-ης fellow tribesman, f. ϕυλή tribe: see -ism.]
In the Orthodox Church, an excessive emphasis on the principle of nationalism in the organization of church affairs; a policy which attaches greater importance to ethnic identity than to bonds of faith and worship.
The term is applied chiefly in hist. use to the claim of the Bulgarian Church to jurisdiction over Bulgarian nationals in all parts of the world, leading in 1872 to the condemnation passed by the Synod of the Ecumenical Patriarchate in Constantinople and to a schism between the Greek-speaking Orthodox churches and the Bulgarian Church which lasted until 1945.
1900‘Odysseus’ Turkey in Europe 285 The Patriarchate..stigmatised by the name of Phyletism the doctrine that persons of a particular race..are entitled to a separate ecclesiastical administration. 1907A. Fortescue Orthodox Eastern Church iv. x. 278 He finds Philetism to be a deadly heresy. Poor Patriarch!.. Shall he denounce Philetism, stand out for the old rights of the hierarchy and of the chief sees, preach unity and ancient councils? 1923R. L. Langford-James Dict. Eastern Orthodox Church 99/1 Phyletism is the error of the undue exaltation of the necessary independence of National Churches, so that Nationalism in religion overshadows Catholicism. 1927B. J. Kidd Churches of Eastern Christendom xii. 301 This last phase of shrinkage and retreat, ending..in the emancipation of the Balkan nations, had encouraged Philetism and diminished the range of the Patriarch's authority by the creation of National Churches. 1957tr. V. Lossky's Mystical Theol. Eastern Church i. 15 The view which would base the unity of a local church on a political, racial or cultural principle is considered by the Orthodox Church as a heresy, specially known by the name of philetism. 1961D. Attwater Christian Churches of East II. 248 Phyletism.., the name by which the patriarch of Constantinople condemned a form of nationalism in the Orthodox Church in 1872. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia VI. 159/1 The council [of 1872] condemned ‘phyletism’—the national or ethnic principle in church organization—and excommunicated the Bulgarians, who were certainly not alone guilty of ‘phyletism’. |