| 释义 |
reˈsponder
[f. respond v. + -er1.]
1. a. One who responds or replies; a respondent.
1879Daily News 19 Sept. 2/1 A reference which was very gratefully recognised by one of the responders [to the toast]. 1894Forum Aug. 710 Imaginary responders were set up if there were no real ones.
b. Bridge. The partner of the opening bidder.
1932Daily Tel. 8 Oct. 15/5 The partner of the opening bidder is known as the responder. 1952I. Macleod Bridge iv. 49 If the responder raises the opener's suit, it is a quantitative bid only. 1966Listener 13 Jan. 78/2 What happens..if the responder has only sufficient high card strength to raise One No Trump to Two No Trumps as an invitation to game? 1976Times 1 May 12/7 When there is opposition bidding the responder's duty is to show the strength of his hand.
2.
†a. An early, electrolytic, form of radio receiver. Obs.
1901Western Electrician 27 July 49/1 To the new receiving device its inventors [sc. De Forest and Smythe] have applied the name ‘responder’, a term first suggested by the London Electrician as one suitable for any resistance device sensitive to electric radiations. 1904Electr. Rev. 3 Sept. 330 The principle of this receiver or ‘responder’, is based upon the fact that the Hertzian oscillations produce sudden electrolytic action in a cell containing certain electrodes and solutions. 1915W. H. Eccles Wireless Telegr. 246 In one type of electrolytic detector, now merely of historic interest, the processes of electrolysis are employed to form fine threads of metal across the gap or gaps, and these threads are destroyed by the oscillations to be detected. The consequent alteration of resistance is observed by telephone or galvanometer. Of this type is..the ‘responder’ of de Forest and Smythe.
b. A device which automatically retransmits a pulse or signal on receiving one from an interrogator. Also responder beacon.
1945Nature 15 Sept. 323/2 A and B are pulse-interrogator stations, the aircraft has a responder of constant and accurately known delay-time... ‘G-H’ and ‘Babs’..utilize coded responses sent back by a ground responder-beacon in reply to pulses from an airborne or shipborne interrogator. 1945Electronic Engin. Oct. 735 Vehicles could now carry small questioning transmitters (‘interrogators’) and obtain replies from ‘responder’ beacons on land or sea. 1957Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 873 Y/1 Beacons of the synchronous sort just described are variously called radar beacons, responder beacons, racons, or transponders, there being no important distinction among these terms. 1966D. Taylor Introd. Radar & Radar Techniques iv. 45 A responder beacon..is a ‘repeater’, in the sense that it would retransmit after a very short time-interval any pulse signal received. 1977Offshore Engineer Aug. 46/2 The remote vehicle's depth, horizontal range, slant range and relative bearing can all be determined by using this single responder in conjunction with Wesmar's new SS400TS sonar tracking system. The responder acts as a transmitter/receiver, receiving electronic signals through an umbilical.
3. Biol. and Med. An individual, structure, etc., that responds or reacts to some stimulus or treatment.
1963Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXVIII. 954 Responders showed both Arthus and delayed allergic skin reactions to the immunizing conjugates. 1973Nature 30 Nov. 245/1 Cells were classified as either β+ or β- (responders and non-responders to β-adrenergic stimulators) or P+ or P- (responders and non-responders to prostaglandin E1). 1976Lancet 30 Oct. 928/1 A further analysis was made into responders and nonresponders... The responders were defined as patients in whom the number of ulcers decreased by more than 50% over 2 or more months. |