| 释义 |
‖ responsum|rɛˈspɒnsəm|
Pl. responsa.
[L., = answer, response.]
1. A reply by a rabbi or Talmudic scholar to an inquiry on some matter of Jewish law.
1896S. Schechter Studies in Judaism 1st Ser. xi. 330 The greatest part of the literary activity of the Gaonim consists in their Responsa, in which they gave decisions on ritual questions, or explanations of difficult passages in the Talmud. Ibid. 331 The titles borne by the various collections of those Responsa belong to a period later than the author's. 1932C. Roth Hist. Marranos viii. 201 The responsa of the Levantine rabbis of the period are filled with discussions relating to the position of the Marranos in Jewish law. 1941G. G. Scholem Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism ix. 340 You find Zaddikim who write rabbinical responsa. 1962B. Abrahams tr. Life Glückel of Hameln iii. 66 Good Rabbi Asher..wrote a great responsum in my husband's favour. 1968New Scientist 23 May 385/3 The team is investigating the responsa written by Jewish legal experts in Medieval Spain... A responsum..consists of a judgement usually revolving around a concrete problem in the commercial, social, moral or religious sphere. 1977N.Y. Times 11 Jan. 30/1 Responsa..are fundamental in the evolution of Jewish law. Altogether, there are approximately 500,000 responsa written by 5,000 different authorities.
2. responsa prudentum |pruːˈdɛntəm| Law [L., = the answers of the learned], in Roman Civil Law: the opinions and judgements of learned lawyers, variously forming part of this law (cf. Justinian Inst. i. ii. §8). Also transf. in modern use.
In cl. Lat. responsa prudentium is the usual form, but most of the legal sources cited below have prudentum following the example of Blackstone (1765).
1681Ld. Stair Institutions Law Scotl. i. i. 3 And so many times these responsa prudentium, have been received with as much Authority, and more heartiness for Laws, than the Dictates of Soveraigns. 1765Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. I. 80 The responsa prudentum or opinions of learned lawyers. 1859T. C. Sandars Institutes Justinian 13 The responsa prudentum came to be enumerated among the direct sources of law. 1877Law Rep. Exchequer Division II. 70 Of course the value of these responsa prudentum is affected by various circumstances. 1883J. B. Moyle Imperatoris Justiniani Institutionum I. 50 The establishment of the empire brought with it a considerable change in respect of the responsa prudentum. |