| 释义 |
▪ I. pica1|ˈpaɪkə|
[med. (Anglo-) L. pica (cf. pīca pie, magpie), found in sense 1, beside the Eng. pye, pie, from end of 15th c. It does not appear which of these was a rendering of the other; but the equation of pica with pie shows that the name was commonly identified with that of the bird. Sense 2 is generally supposed to have been derived from sense 1 (cf. brevier, canon), although no edition of the pica or pie in ‘pica’ type appears to be known.]
†1. A collection of rules showing how to deal with the concurrence of religious offices resulting from the variability of Easter and other movable feasts; = pie n.3 1, q.v. Obs.
1497Pynson Directorium Sacerdotum (incipit), Liber presens, directorium sacerdotum, quem pica Sarum vulgo vocitat clerus. 1555Breviary of Sarum in Rowe Meres Eng. Founders 23, Incipit ordo breviarij seu portiforij secundum morem & consuetudinem ecclesie Sarum Anglicane: vna cum ordinali suo quod vsitato vocabulo dicitur Pica sive directorium sacerdotum in tempore paschali.
†b. = pie n.3 2. Obs. rare. (Only in Dicts.)
1847Webster, Pica, pye, or pie,..also, an alphabetical catalogue of names and things in rolls and records. [Hence in later Dicts.]
2. Typogr. (Also 7 pique). A size of type, next below English, and between Cicéro and St. Augustin in French type sizes, of about 6 lines to the inch, or 12 American points = 11·33 Didot. Used also as a unit of measurement for large type, leads, borders, etc. small pica, a size of about 11 points, between long primer and pica. Also attrib.
two-line pica, the size of type having a body equal to two lines of pica. double pica (prop. double small pica), a size of type equal to two lines of small pica.
1588in Udall's St. Ch. Eng. (Arb.) Introd. 13 A presse with twoo paire of cases, with certaine Pica Romane, and Pica Italian letters. 1612Sturtevant Metallica xiii. 89 The Long-primer, the Pica, the Italica. a1625Fletcher Nice Valour iv. i, Let him put all the Thumps in Pica Roman And with great Tees. 1629C. Butler Oratoria A iv b, Genera literarum varia sunt: quæ corporum proceritate distinguuntur: Primier, Pique, English: & supra hæc, Great Primier, Double Pique, Double English: atque quod omnium maximum est, Canon. 1678Phillips (ed. 4), Pica Letter, a term among Printers being the Sixth Character in order of magnitude from Pareil, Small Pica being a degree less, and Double Pica a third degree beyond it. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing ii. ⁋2 Most Printing-Houses have..Pearl, Nomparel, Brevier, Long-Primmer, Pica, English, Great-Primmer, Double-Pica, Two-Lin'd-English. 1755Flyleaf in Whole Duty of Man, A Large Quarto Bible, printed on a new Pica Letter and Royal Paper. 1771Luckombe Hist. Printing 226 The difference betwixt Two Lines Pica and Double Pica as well in Face, as Body, is but inconsiderable. 1824J. Johnson Typogr. II. 26 The number of each sort cast to a bill of Pica, Roman and Italic. 1850W. Irving Goldsmith 232 Eight volumes, each containing upwards of four hundred pages, in pica. 1888Jacobi Printer's Vocab., Pica,..the body usually taken as a standard for leads, width of measures, etc.—it is equal to two Nonpareils in body.
▪ II. ‖ pica2 Path.|ˈpaɪkə|
[mod. or med.L. pīca, a. L. pīca magpie, probably rendering Gr. κίσσα, κίττα magpie, jay, also false appetite (the magpie being a miscellaneous feeder). So F. pica (Paré 16th c.).]
A perverted craving for substances unfit for food, as chalk, etc., symptomatic of certain diseases, and also occurring during pregnancy.
1563T. Gale Treat. Gonneshotte 4 That sickenesse whiche is called Pica. 1584Fenner Def. Ministers (1587) 49 When one is oppressed with the disease Pica, so that hee can not eate anie thing but pitche. 1673Phil. Trans. VIII. 6152 The cause of the pica or unnatural appetite in young women, and others. 1822–34Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) I. 115. 1897 Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1043 Perverted appetite—pica or geophagy, as it is sometimes called—is a common occurrence in this as in other forms of intestinal helminthiasis.
fig.a1670Hacket Abp. Williams i. (1693) 218 Suppose then one that is sick, should have this Pica, and long to be Annoiled? Why might not a Lay-Friend Annoil, as well as Baptize?
Hence ˈpical, ˈpicary adjs., belonging to or of the nature of pica; depraved, vitiated (in appetite).
1620Venner Via Recta vii. 123 They helpe their picarie affections. 1660Hickeringill Jamaica (1661) 40 Through the depravement of their canine and pical Appetites.
▪ III. pica
variant of pika, a small rodent. |