| 释义 |
piezometer|paɪˌiːzɒmɪtə(r), ˌpaɪɪ-|
[mod. (J. Perkins 1820) f. Gr. πιέζ-ειν to press + -ometer. So F. piézomètre.]
An instrument for measuring pressure (or something connected with pressure).
An instrument a. for measuring the compressibility of water or other liquid under varying pressures; b. for measuring the pressure of water at any point in a water-main or an aquifer; c. for measuring the pressure of gas in the bore of a gun; d. for measuring the sense of pressure on different parts of the surface of the body. e. A sounding apparatus for measuring the depth of water by means of the compression of air in a tube.
1820J. Perkins in Phil. Trans. 324 Having believed for many years, that water was an elastic fluid, I was induced to..ascertain the fact..by constructing an instrument which I call a piezometer. 1842Brande Dict. Sci., etc., Piezometer, an instrument for ascertaining the compressibility of liquids. 1882Ogilvie, Piezometer... 2. An instrument consisting essentially of a vertical tube inserted into a water⁓main, to show the pressure of the fluid at that point, by the height to which it ascends in the tube of the piezometer. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Supp. 678/2 Piezometer.., an instrument to measure the sense of pressure... The sense of pressure is strongest on the forehead, tongue, and cheek... An instrument to ascertain the pressure set up in the bore of a gun when a charge of powder is fired. 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 132/1 Thermometer..Piezometer..Hygrometers. 1904Johns Hopkins Hosp. Bull. XV. 293 (heading) The piezometer, an instrument for measuring resistances. Ibid. 293/2 There are two ways of using the piezometer for the purpose of outlining an abdominal tumor. 1954Roe & Ayres Engin. Agric. Drainage x. 266 The piezometer is a length of 1/4- or 3/8-inch iron pipe driven into the soil so that there is no leakage into or out from the sides. 1970Nature 4 July 11/1 Piezometers were used to measure water pressures in the rock joints.
Hence piezoˈmetric a.; spec. in Hydrology, of or pertaining to the measurement of hydrostatic pressure in an aquifer; piezometric surface (see quot. 19232).
1923O. E. Meinzer in Water-Supply Papers U.S. Geol. Survey No. 494. 6 The expression piezometric surface is obtained from the French. Ibid. 38 The piezometric surface of an aquifer is an imaginary surface that everywhere coincides with the static level of the water in the aquifer. It is the surface to which the water from a given aquifer will rise under its full head. 1966Davis & DeWiest Hydrogeol. ii. 48 The elevation to which water will rise in artesian wells, or wells penetrating confined aquifers, defines the piezometric surfaces. Ibid. 49 The general direction of ground-water flow can be shown..on piezometric maps. 1973Gregory & Walling Drainage Basin Form & Process iii. 113 This data is used to plot lines of equal piezometric head or equipotentials on a vertical cross section of the aquifer... Similarly, equipotentials or piezometric surfaces could be plotted for several horizontal planes at different depths. |