| 释义 |
pineal, a. and n. Anat.|ˈpɪniːəl, ˈpaɪniːəl|
[a. F. pinéal, f. L. pīnea a pine-cone: see -al1.]
A. adj.
a. Resembling a pine-cone in shape: applied to a small somewhat conical body (the pineal body or pineal gland), situated behind the third ventricle of the brain, and containing sand-like particles, which secretes melatonin in various mammals and is concerned with photo-periodicity and circadian rhythms.
1681tr. Willis' Rem. Med. Wks. Vocab., Pineal kirnel in the brain, in form of a pine-apple, called also conarium. 1696Phillips (ed. 5), Pineal Kernel, is a Glandule seated between the Two Beds of the Optick Nerves, and the Prominencies which grow to the upper part of the Marrowy substance. 1712Addison Spect. No. 275 ⁋4 The Pineal Gland, which many of our Modern Philosophers suppose to be the Seat of the Soul. 1785Reid Intell. Powers ii. iv. 99 Des Cartes, observing that the pineal gland is the only part of the brain that is single, was determined by this to make that gland the soul's habitation. 1831Carlyle Sart. Res. i. x, How, without Clothes, could we possess the master-organ, soul's seat, and true pineal gland of the Body Social: I mean, a Purse? 1840G. V. Ellis Anat. 44 The upper part of each lateral boundary is the optic thalamus, with the peduncles of the pineal body extending along it. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 343 The pineal gland..has been supposed to represent either the region of closure of the neural folds, or else, an unpaired eye. 1958[see melatonin]. 1970T. Hughes Crow 23 Crow split his enemy's skull to the pineal gland. 1971J. A. Kappers in Wolstenholme & Knight Pineal Gland 22 The mammalian pineal gland is an end organ of the peripheral sympathetic system conveying photic and other stimuli to it. 1978Lee & Laycock Essent. Endocrinol. v. 103 The relationship between the pineal gland and the development of puberty in man is still undecided.
b. Pertaining to or connected with the pineal body, as pineal eye, pineal peduncle, pineal ventricle: see quots.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life Index, Pineal eye. [Ibid. 343 note, Recent researches have shown that in Lacertilia the apex of the pineal gland is transformed into an azygos eye.] 1893Syd. Soc. Lex., Pineal peduncles, the peduncles of the pineal gland... P. ventricle, a hollow in the pineal gland, a fœtal survival. 1974D. P. Cardinali in James & Martini Current Topics Exper. Endocrinol. II. 113 The pineal capacity to take up and retain estradiol and testosterone resembles that observed in the uterus and the prostate, suggesting that specific receptors for sex steroids may be present in the pinealocytes. 1979McGraw-Hill Yearbk. Sci. & Technol. 288/2 A pineal role in the photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters has been established.
B. n. The pineal body.
1911Arch. Internal Med. VIII. 854 In enlargements of the pineal, circulatory disturbances will develop first. 1963A. Gorbman in Euler & Heller Compar. Endocrinol. I. viii. 303 Pflugfelder removed or destroyed the epiphysis (pineal) of the guppy (Lebistes) and found that the thyroid became greatly hypertrophied. 1966Wright & Symmers Systemic Path. II. xxxiii. 1134/1 The pineal has another endocrine role, that of secreting the melanophore-contracting hormone, melatonin.., and this has been regarded as related to the original photo-receptor function of the gland. 1968,1974[see melatonin]. 1974D. P. Cardinali in James & Martini Current Topics Exper. Endocrinol. II. 115 The pineal is involved in the regulation of pituitary, gonadal, adrenal, and thyroid functions. |