| 释义 |
pinning, vbl. n.|ˈpɪnɪŋ|
[f. pin v.1 + -ing1.]
1. The action of the verb pin.
a. The action of fastening, constructing, or repairing with pins; the supporting of a wall or foundation with pins or wedges; cf. under-pinning.
1427–8Rec. St. Mary at Hill 67 For ij masons ij dayes for pynnynge of þe new pewes & leyeng of þe same tyle. 1533MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., To John Bryght for tyllyng and dabyng & outher pynyng xs. 1552Huloet, Pynnynge of houses, substructio. a1633Austin Medit. (1635) 279 Like a Shepheards Tent that falls to the ground for want of pinning, cording, and sowing. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. ii. v. §37 Some Devise used by him about pinning and propping of the Room. 1727–41Chambers Cycl., Pinning, in building, the fastening of tyles together, with pins of heart of oak; for the covering of a house, etc. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Pinning up, in underpinning, the driving the wedges under the upper work so as to bring it fully to bear upon the work below.
b. The action of fastening (dress, etc.) with a (brass) pin or pins. Also with adv. as pinning-out, pinning up (in quot. 1676 attrib. = for pinning up).
1549T. Hoby Trav. (1902) 23 By the pinninge uppe of the hanging. 1593Nashe Christ's T. 71 b, How you [Ladies] torture poore olde Time with spunging, pynning and pounsing. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven (1831) 35 They haue spent a good part of the day in..pricking and pinning. 1676Lond. Gaz. No. 1106/4 Two black pinning-up Petticoats, one being of Sarcenet, the other of Alamode. 1767Gooch Treat. Wounds I. 381 To be fixed by pinning or lacing, on the side opposite to the wound. 1905Sci. Amer. 30 Sept. 262/1 The second-sizing and pinning-out is done by hand at so-called batteries.
c. The action of shutting up, inclosing or hemming in; also impounding (see pind 1 b).
1573–80Baret Alv. P 385 A Pinning, or pounding of cattell. Vide Pownde. 1900Westm. Gaz. 26 May 3/3, I have composed for your irresistible museum of chess freaks an example of pinning ad absurdum.
d. = pinding (see under pind v.).
1802C. Findlater Agric. Surv. Peebles 389 Diarrhœa, or Looseness. This disorder is commonly called, by the shepherds, pinning.
e. An indication of a relationship, falling short of a formal engagement, between two young people through an exchange of fraternity or sorority pins; the exchange of such pins for that purpose. U.S. University slang.
1961Ann. Amer. Acad. Pol. & Social Sci. Nov. 85/1 There are boxed proclamations in the newspaper [of Brooklyn College] of watchings, pinnings, ringings, engagements and marriages. 1964Amer. Speech XXXIX. 194 That peculiar institution, the ‘pinning’ of quasi-engaged girls. 1967Punch 13 Sept. 378/1 Most fraternities and sororities sustained this perfumed atmosphere of competition by requiring their members to date a different person every date night... I attribute the popularity of pinning—a kind of informal engagement to be engaged, signified by the exchange of fraternity and sorority pins—to the desire to escape from that pattern; certainly people got pinned and unpinned all the time.
2. concr.
a. pl. Small stones used for filling the interstices of masonry (cf. pin v.1 3 c).
b. A pin, peg, or bolt, used for fastening.
1663Blair Autobiog. ii. (1848) 50 As pinnings laid in to be foundations. 1742J. Willison Balm of Gilead xii. (1800) 136 Not a stone moved, nor a pinning in it moved. 1799J. Robertson Agric. Perth 114 Persons who understand the building of dry stone-walls properly, find a bed for the larger stones, not by means of pinnings..but by resting them firmly upon one another; and afterwards they close up the interstices with pinnings to ornament the wall. No part of the weight lies on the smaller stones. a1825Forby Voc. E. Anglia, Pinning, the low masonry which supports a frame of stud-work.
c. A fastening with pins (cf. 1 b).
1882Rosa Mulholland Four Little Mischiefs viii, ‘We must stand with our faces to the people always, or they might see the pinning’, said Kitty.
3. attrib., as pinning iron, pinning stone, pinning-fee.
1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 265/2 Pinning Iron, to widen the hole in the Slate to put the Pin in. 1708S. Molyneux in Phil. Trans. XXVI. 37 Part of the Plaister and Pinning Stones of the adjoyning Wall, was also broken off and loosened. 1892J. S. Fletcher When Chas. I was K. (1896) 55 The pinder..made answer..that the horses..should not go thence until the pinning-fee were paid. |