| 释义 |
pitman1|ˈpɪtmən|
[f. pit n.1 + man n.1]
†1. The digger of a pit or common grave. Obs.
1609J. Davies Humours Heaven on E. (Grosart) 46/2 The ceremonie at their Burialls Is Ashes but to Ashes, Dust to Dust; Nay not so much; for strait the Pit-man falles (If he can stand) to hide them as he must.
2. a. A man who works in a pit or mine, esp. a coal-mine; a collier. (In some localities, applied spec. to the man who attends to the pumping machinery in the pit or shaft.)
1761Hist. in Ann. Reg. 82/2 A large body of pitmen came into the town. 1832Babbage Econ. Manuf. xx. (ed. 3) 202 A chief Pitman has charge of the pumps and the apparatus of the shafts. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. i. 11 They passed through the pitmen's village. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Pitman (Cornw.), a man employed to examine the lifts of pumps and the drainage. 1892Labour Commission Gloss., Pit-man, a collier as distinguished from a miner... This distinction..has not of late years been closely preserved. The term pitman was formerly applied to every worker in a colliery, from the ‘trapper’ to the ‘hewer’. 1934J. B. Priestley Eng. Journey x. 334, I ought to explain here that in Durham collieries are always ‘pits’ and miners ‘pitmen’. 1978R. Lewis Uncertain Sound iii. 76 My father had been a simple pitman.
b. attrib., as † pitman candle, a miner's lamp.
1658H. Moseley Healing Leaf 30 Set not up a pit-man Candle in a stately room.
3. a. The man who stands in a sawpit and works the lower end of the saw; a pit-sawyer.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 101 With the Pit-Saw they enter the one end of the Stuff, the Top-man at the Top, and the Pit-man under him. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 15 Oct., The light thin saw of the pitman.
b. A motor-racing mechanic working in a pit (see pit n.1 1 h).
1913Technical World Mag. XIX. 495/2 A pitman has noticed that the tire is flat.
c. U.S. colloq. (See quot.)
1961A. Berkman Singers' Gloss. Show Business 69 Pitmen,..musicians playing in the orchestra pit.
4. One of a race dwelling in pits. rare.
1894Westm. Gaz. 30 Jan. 3/3 The little pit-men who seem to have been the real aborigines of Yezo, conquered by the Ainu.
5. a. (transf. from sense 3.) In machinery, the rod connecting a rotating with a reciprocating part, and communicating motion from one to the other; a connecting-rod. Chiefly U.S.
1813O. Evans in Weekly Reg. 17 Apr. 111/2, I apply the power by means of a connecting rod or rods (or pitman as it is called when applied in saw mills). 1846Worcester, Pitman..an appendage to a forcing pump. 1847Webster, Pitman. .. 2. The piece of timber which connects the lower end of a mill-saw with the wheel that moves it. 1860Sci. Amer. Aug. 96/1 [The] pistons are connected by piston rods d with pitmans e with the cranks f,f. 1864Webster, Pitman,..the connecting rod in a saw mill; also, sometimes, the connecting rod of a steam-engine. 1881Metal World No. 24. 373 It is preferable in high-speed engines to make the piston and cross-head as light as possible, and put the weight into the pitman or connecting-rod.
b. attrib., as pitman-box, pitman-coupling, pitman-head, pitman-press, pitman-strap: see quots.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Pitman-box, the stirrup and brasses which embrace the wrist of the driving-wheel... Pitman-coupling, a means of connecting a pitman to the object which it drives... Pitman-head, the block or enlargement at the end of a pitman, at which point its connection is made to the object by which it is driven or which it drives. 1879Lumberman's Gaz. 13 Aug. 8 The Lee Mill..came to a stop..by the breaking of the lower pitman strap and trunk to the gang. 1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., Pitman Press, one working by pitman connection with a shaft, instead of eccentric or other equivalent. |