| 释义 |
‖ plafond|plafɔ̃|
Also 7 platfound, 7–9 platfond, 8 plaffond.
[F. plafond († platfond) a ceiling (1559 in Hatz.-Darm.), f. plat flat + fond bottom.]
1. Arch. A ceiling, either flat or vaulted; usually as enriched with paintings; hence, a painting executed on a ceiling. † in plafond: on the ceiling.
1664Evelyn tr. Freart's Archit. ii. ix. 110 Also they do rarely well about Platfonds and upon Ground-works. 1670R. Lassels Voy. Italy I. 87 The roof..is all guilt, and set with curious pictures in Platfound. 1705Jos. Taylor Journ. Edinb. (1903) 37 The plaffond is handsomely painted. 1714Steele Lover No. 33 (1723) 192 The whole Plafond or Ceiling. 1801Fuseli in Lect. Paint. ii. (1848) 398 The platfonds, panels, and cupolas, of palaces and temples. 1835Willis Pencillings xiii. 102 Naked female figures fill every plafond.
2. Arch. (See quots.)
1723Chambers tr. Le Clere's Treat. Archit. I. 52 The Plafond or Soffit of the Cornice. 1842–76Gwilt Archit. Gloss., Plafond or Platfond,..also the underside of the projection of the larmier of the cornice; generally any sofite.
3. An early form of contract bridge.
So called because a player aimed to bid to his ceiling of tricks. The game originated in France.
[1929M. C. Work Compl. Contract Bridge 242 Plafond, French name for Contract.] 1933A. E. M. Foster Bridge-Plafond 17 Plafond was invented in France in 1918, and it is still played widely on the Continent. 1963G. F. Harvey Handbk. Card Games 131 The Continental game of Plafond, the main feature of which was (because the game is no longer played) that tricks must be contracted for in order to be scored towards game. 1964A. Wykes Gambling vii. 166 But a variation [of auction bridge] called plafond..was quickly taken up in Europe and America and became contract bridge. 1975Times 15 Nov. 13/5 In May 1925, Mr Vanderbilt..joined in a rubber of the continental game of plafond. He saw possibilities in the game, added the attraction of vulnerability,..introduced it to the [New York] Whist Club under the name of Contract Bridge. |