| 释义 |
plankton Biol.|ˈplæŋktən|
[a. G. plankton (V. Hensen 1887, in Ber. Kommission der wissenschaftlichen Untersuchung der deutschen Meere in Kiel V. 1), a. Gr. πλαγκτόν, neut. of πλαγκτός vbl. adj., drifting, f. πλάζεσθαι to wander, roam, drift.]
1. A collective name for all the forms of floating or drifting organic life found at various depths in the ocean, or, by extension, in bodies of fresh water. Also attrib.
1891Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. 326 ‘Plankton’ was originally defined by Hensen as including those animals which drift in the sea. 1892E. J. Bles in Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. II. 340 Variations of the floating fauna and flora, or plankton, of the Plymouth Waters. 1894Q. Rev. Apr. 372 When the recent German expedition set out to study the Plankton or floating life of the Atlantic. 1899Nature 15 June 157/1 Rich collections of plankton were made at all stations. 1908Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. VIII. 269 (title) Plankton studies in relation to the western mackerel fishery. 1921[see benthos]. 1947Sci. News IV. 98 The vast bulk of life in the open sea is composed not of active creatures such as fish or whales, but of microscopic plants, and small animals which drift with the water. They are known collectively as plankton. 1956A. Hardy Open Sea I. xv. 297 The herring snaps at the little plankton animals individually. 1973Nature 16 Nov. 128/2 The existence of a vast aerial plankton of insects and other arthropods extending up into the sky for at least 14,000 foot is well established.
2. Comb. plankton feeder, an animal whose diet includes plankton; plankton indicator, an apparatus that is towed behind a ship with a filtering device by means of which the concentration of plankton can be estimated; plankton net, a very fine net used to collect samples of plankton or other very small organisms; plankton recorder, a modification of the plankton indicator in which the filter is in the form of a continuously moving roll.
1956A. Hardy Open Sea I. xv. 303 Mackerel are *plankton-feeders for about half the year. 1975C. F. Hickling Water as Productive Environment vii. 65 The species of Alestes..came to dominate the surface waters as plankton feeders.
1925A. C. Hardy in Fishery Investigations 2nd Ser. VIII. vii. 2 The present paper..describes investigations by means of an instrument which has been called the *Plankton Indicator. 1936Jrnl. Marine Biol. Assoc. XXI. 148 Preliminary experiments were begun in 1922 and 1923 with a torpedo-shaped instrument called the Plankton Indicator. 1953Bull. Marine Ecol. IV. 19 The small Plankton Indicator..has been used..during an ecological survey of the herring off the north-east coast of Scotland.
1952J. Clegg Freshwater Life Brit. Is. xviii. 293 Some form of pond-net is almost essential. Probably the type of most general utility is that known as a *plankton-net... The bag part is made of fine-mesh material, and carries at its base a tube or bottle into which the organisms descend. 1963G. E. & R. C. Newell Marine Plankton ii. 17 There are several patterns of plankton net in common use today. 1972F. G. Stehli et al. in T. J. M. Schopf Models in Paleobiol. vi. 119 The mesh of the plankton nets used was large.
1926A. C. Hardy in Nature 30 Oct. 631/1 Whilst on the Discovery expedition I have been experimenting with such an instrument, which I am calling the Continuous *Plankton Recorder... It is a development of the simple Plankton Indicator.., but in place of the silk netting discs, which had to be reloaded for each sample, I have substituted a long continuously moving roll operated by a propellor turned by the water through which it is towed. 1936‘Discovery’ Rep. XI. 457 The first Continuous Plankton Recorder was used on the R.R.S. ‘Discovery’ in the years 1925–7. 1975D. H. Cushing Marine Ecol. & Fisheries viii. 166 The plankton recorder survey..is based on monthly samples from fixed merchant ship lines across the North Sea. |