| 释义 |
pleurisy|ˈplʊərɪsɪ|
Forms: 5 pluresy, (pleresye), 6 pluresye, -sie, pleuritie, plewrisie, -osy, plurice, 6–7 plurisie, pleuresie, 6–8 -isie, 7 -esy, plurasie, 7–8 -isy; 6– pleurisy. Also β. 6 in L. forms pl(e)uresis, plurisis.
[a. OF. pleurisie (13th c.), -esie (mod.F. pleurésie), f. late L. pleurisis (Prudent. c 400), mod.L. pleuresis, substituted for pleurītis, a. Gr. πλευρῖτις pleurisy: see pleuritis. Sense 2, and the forms in plu-, are partly due to a supposed derivation from L. plūs, plūr- more (cf. med.L. plūritās multitude), as if pleurisy were due to an excess of humours.]
1. Path. Inflammation of the pleura, with or without effusion of fluid (serum, pus, blood, etc.) into the pleural cavity; a disease characterized by pain in the chest or side, with fever, loss of appetite, etc.; usually caused by chill, or occurring as a complication of other diseases (scarlatina, rheumatic fever, phthisis, etc.). Formerly often with a and pl.
dry pleurisy, (formerly) pleurisy without expectoration; (now) pleurisy without effusion. So humid pleurisy or moist pleurisy.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxi. (Bodl. MS.), Sommetyme aposteme is ibrad þerein as it fareþ in pleresye and is ybrad and comeþ of aposteme þat is þe tendrenes of þe ribbes wiþin. Ibid. vii. xi. (1495) 231 Pluresy is a postume on the rybbes wythin. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. iii. Wks. 1256/2 And they yt lye in a plewrosy, thinke that euery time they cough, they fele a sharpe sweorde swap them to the heart. 1547Boorde Brev. Health cclxxxv. 94 A plurice the which is an impostume in the cenerite of the bones. 1562W. Bullein Bulwark, Bk. Simples 52 The seede drunke, is good against the pleuritie. 1579–80North Plutarch (1676) 370 The disease whereof he died, which was a Pleurisie. 1676Worlidge Cyder (1691) 194 Apples..are good against melancholy and the pleuresie. 1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4513/1 Many have died during the Severity of this Winter of Plurisies. 1862H. W. Fuller Dis. Lungs 171 Pleurisy..is one of the commonest diseases.
β1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters D ij b, Good for the sekenes named pleuresis. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. V 82 His chamberlain affirmeth that he [Hen. V] died of a Plurisis. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 938 He sickened of a disease, called Pluresis.
2. fig. Now rare or Obs.; formerly almost always in sense ‘superabundance, excess’ (due to a mistaken etymology: see above).
a1550Vox Populi 655 in Hazl. E.P.P. III. 290 Suppresse this shamfull vsurye, Comonlye called husbondrye: For yf there be no remeadye,..Yt wyll breade to a pluresye. 1597Howson Serm. 44 For feare of a Pleurisie by impropriations, customes and compositions. 1602Shakes. Ham. iv. vii. 118 For goodness, growing to a plurisy, Dies in his own too much. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. xiii. 101 Long since had this land been sick of a plurisie of people, if not let blood in their Western Plantations.
3. attrib. pleurisy-root, name for Asclepias tuberosa, also called Butterfly-weed, the root of which is a popular remedy for pleurisy.
1785T. Jefferson Notes on State of Virginia 63 Pleurisy root, Asclepias decumbens. 1831J. Davies Man. Mat. Med. 238 Pleurisy-root. Fluxroot, &c... A perennial plant, growing all over the United States of America, in gravelly and hilly grounds. 1932J. B. Harvey Wild Flowers Amer. 55 Butterfly Weed or Pleurisy Root..bears brilliant orange flowers, arranged in flat, terminal clusters. |