| 释义 |
poet|ˈpəʊɪt|
Forms: 4–5 poyete, 4–6 poete, 5 poiet, poyte, 5–6 poite, poiett, poyet, 4– poet.
[ME. poete, poyete, a. OF. poete (12th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), mod.F. poète, ad. L. poēta (Plaut.), ad. Gr. ποητής, early variant of ποιητής maker, author, poet (cf. maker 5), f. ποεῖν, ποιεῖν to make, create, produce. (An early Gr. word in L.; if introduced at a later period, the form would have been pœēta.)]
1. a. One who composes poetry; a writer of poems; an author who writes in verse. (The ordinary current use; but now usually implying more or less of the sense of c.)
a1300Cursor M. 8531 (Cott.) Homer þe poet [v.r. poete], þat was sa rijf, Liued in þis king dauid lijf. 1388Wyclif Acts xvii. 28 As also summe of ȝoure poetis seiden, And we ben also the kynde of hym. 14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 680/23 Hic poeta, a poyte. c1460Towneley Myst. xvi. 204 Sekys poece [= poets'] tayllys. 1526Tindale Tit. i. 12 Won..which was a poyet of their owne. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. viii. 2 Skorner of poitis and sklanderus knaif! 1600J. Pory tr. Leo's Africa iii. 146 In Fez there are diuers most excellent poets, which make verses in thair owne mother toong. 1604R. Cawdrey Table Alph., Poet, a verse maker. 1623Cockeram, Poet, one that writeth well in verse. 1665Dryden Ess. Dram. Poesy (1889) 67 Shakespeare..was the man who of all modern, and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul. 1755Johnson, Poet..a writer of poems, one who writes in measure. 1765Gray Shaks. 6 Fumbling baronets and poets small. 1844Beck & Felton tr. Munk's Metres 30 The poets have not all avoided the hiatus with equal care. 1876Stedman Victorian Poets 281 She [Miss Rossetti] is a poet of a profound and serious cast.
†b. Formerly (after Gr. and L. use), in more general sense: One who makes or composes works of literature; an author, writer. Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. xi. 129 Plato þe Poyete I [Studie] put him furste to Boke. 1377Ibid. B. xii. 260 þus þe poete [Aristotle] preues þat þe pecok for his fetheres is reuerenced. c1400Destr. Troy 306 All þat poites haue pricket of his prise dedis, I haue no tome for to telle. Ibid. 9075 Ne noght put in our proses by poiettes of old. 1611Coryat Crudities 319 Cornelius Nepos an eloquent Poet in the time of Cicero. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iii. 163 The soul,..in sleep or dreams,..seems to be surprized with unexpected answers and reparties, though it self were all the while the poet and inventor of the whole fable. 1755Johnson, Poet, an inventor, an author of fiction; [etc.].
c. In select or emphatic sense: A writer in verse (or sometimes, in extended use, in elevated prose) distinguished by special imaginative or creative power, insight, sensibility, and faculty of expression. (Cf. poetry 3 c.) poet's poet, a poet whose poetry is generally considered to appeal chiefly to other poets.
1530Palsgr. 256/1 Poet, a connyng man, poete. 1531Elyot Gov. i. xiii, Semblably they that make verses, expressynge therby none other lernynge but the crafte of versifyeng, be nat of auncient writers named poetes, but onely called versifyers. 1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 25 Onely the Poet..lifted vp with the vigor of his owne inuention, dooth growe in effect, another nature, in making things either better then Nature bringeth forth, or quite a newe formes such as neuer were in Nature. Ibid. 29 That fayning notable images of vertues, vices, or what els, with that delightfull teaching which must be the right describing note to know a Poet by. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. v. i. 12 The Poets eye in a fine frenzy rolling, Doth glance from heauen to earth, from earth to heauen. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. ii. iii, Euery man, that writes in verse is not a Poet. 1636― Discov. Wks. 1641 II. 125 Hence he is call'd a Poet, not hee which writeth in measure only, but that fayneth and formeth a fable, and writes things like the Truth. 1806Wordsw. Personal Talk iv, The Poets, who on earth have made us heirs Of truth and pure delight by heavenly lays! 1840Mill Diss. & Disc. (1859) I. 80 Whom, then, shall we call poets? Those who are so constituted, that emotions are the links of association by which their ideas, both sensuous and spiritual, are connected together. 1844Longfellow Rain in Summer 61 These, and far more than these, The Poet sees!.. He can behold Things manifold That have not yet been wholly told. 1844L. Hunt Imagination & Fancy 75 Spenser..has always been felt by his countrymen to be what Charles Lamb called him, the ‘Poet's Poet’. He has had more idolatry and imitation from his brethren than all the rest put together. Ibid. 107 Spenser emulated the Raphaels and Titians in a profusion of pictures... They give the Poet's Poet a claim to a new title,—that of Poet of the Painters. 1856Ruskin Mod. Paint. III. iv. i. §14 The power of assembling, by the help of the imagination, such images as will excite these feelings [of ‘noble emotion’], is the power of the poet or literally of the ‘Maker’. 1867O. W. Holmes Guardian Angel I. xviii. 280 Master Gridley lifted his eyebrows very slightly, remembering that some had called Spenser the poet's poet. 1873Symonds Grk. Poets viii. 249 Aristophanes is essentially a poet—a poet in what we are apt to call the modern sense of the word—a poet, that is to say, endowed with original intuitions into nature, and with the faculty of presenting to our minds the most varied thoughts and feelings in language uniformly beautiful, as the creatures of an exuberant and self-swayed fancy. 1930Times Lit. Suppl. 27 Feb. 149/2 Assuredly, in Lamb's day Spenser was the poet's poet. 1932J. Buchan Sir W. Scott iv. 79 Dryden was not a poet's poet, any more than his editor. 1958Reporter 10 July 38/2 (heading) A poet's poet looks at his art.
d. Hence occas., by further extension, applied rhetorically in a similar sense to one who practises any of the fine arts.
1839tr. Lamartine's Trav. East 27/1 The poet,..—and by poet I mean whoever creates ideas in bronze, in stone, in prose, in words, or in rhymes—the poet stirs up only what is imperishable in nature and in the human heart. 1874F. Crowest (title) The Great Tone-Poets, being short memoirs of the greater Musical Composers.
e. poet-in-ordinary, a poet ordinarily employed (after physician-in-ordinary, etc., ordinary n. 18 b). poet-in-residence, a poet working in or associated with a university or college or a community (see residence n.1 2 b). poet-laureate: see laureate a. 2 b; hence poet-laureateship = laureateship a.
c1386–1843 [see laureate a. 2 b]. c1836in Byron's Wks. (1846) 523/2 Pye, the predecessor of Mr. Southey in the poet-laureateship, died in 1813. 1865Kingsley Herew. i, Godson of the great earl, and poet-in-ordinary to the band. 1874C. Gibbon Casquet of Lit. V. 358/2 Thomas Warton..obtained the poet-laureateship in 1785. 1894A. Birrell Ess. xiv. 159 Spenser is sometimes [erroneously] reckoned amongst the Poets Laureate. 1972Guardian 8 Feb. 24/5 W. H. Auden..returns to Christ Church, Oxford... Mr Auden..will be what the Americans like to call ‘poet in residence’. 1973Black World Jan. 28/2 Buford..is now poet-in-residence at Cleveland State University. 1977Canad. N. & Q. Dec. 15/1 In January 1921 Robert Frost..was invited to visit Queen's and become the first poet-in-residence to occupy such an office in any Canadian University.
f. fig. Applied to a singing bird.
a1748Thomson Ode, O nightingale! best poet of the grove. 1892Tennyson Throstle i, Summer is coming, summer is coming, I know it, I know it, I know it... Yes, my wild little Poet.
g. A scholar in the poetry class: see poetry 6.
1679Trials of White & Other Jesuits 47, Parry. I was a Student there, a Poet.
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. appositive (= ‘that is a poet’), as poet-actor, poet-artist, poet-bird, poet-bishop, † poet-bounce (bounce n.1 4 b), poet-boy, poet-composer, poet-critic, poet-dramatist, poet-historian, poet-humorist, poet-king, poet-musician, poet-novelist, poet-painter, poet-pilgrim, poet-ploughman, poet-preacher, poet-priest, poet-princess, poet-prophet, poet-saint, poet-satirist, poet-seer, poet-singer, † poet sucker (= ‘sucking’ poet), poet-thinker, poet-warrior, poet-woman, etc.
b. Of or pertaining to a poet, as poet-craft, poet-heart, poet-nectar, poet-song, poet-soul, etc.; so poet-wise adv.c. objective, etc., as † poet-ape (one who apes a poet), poet-hater, poet-whipper, poet-worship.
d. instrumental, etc., as poet-haunted, poet-hymned adjs.; poet-like adj. and adv.
1867Cornh. Mag. XV. 666 The stage whereon the *poet-actor was enacting the counterfeit presentment of a king.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 71 The cause why it [Poesie] is not esteemed in Englande, is the fault of *Poet-apes, not Poets.
1817–18Shelley Rosalind & Helen 1119 The nightingale..the *poet-bird.
1909Westm. Gaz. 2 June 5/1 The oldest existing wine club, the ‘Phœnix’, of which the *poet-bishop, Heber, was once a luminary.
1632Brome Novella Prol., Those *Poet-Bownces that write English Greeke.
1838Lytton Alice viii. iii, A dream that had hovered over the *poet-boy.
1947A. Einstein Music in Romantic Era xvi. 256 Lortzing..in more modest proportions was comparable to Wagner as a *poet-composer. 1968Jrnl. Mus. Acad. Madras XXXIX. 102 The Tirupati poet-composer. 1977Early Music Oct. 469/2 Machaut..maintained a dual role: one of..poet-composer, detached from the story.
1863Edin. Rev. Apr. 354 A controversy..lost in the mysteries of *poetcraft.
1956Essays in Criticism VI. 212 *Poet-critics as dissimilar as Arthur Symons and Mr. Eliot. 1964English Studies XLV. 290 Of course a poet-critic may be allowed to speak in images.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 48 Not onely in these Mysomousoi, *Poet-haters, but in all that kinde of people, who seek a prayse by dispraysing others.
1895M. Corelli Sorrows of Satan xxxiii, The beautiful autumnal woods of *poethaunted Warwickshire.
1844Mrs. Browning Lady Geraldine's Courtship Concl. viii, Is no woman far above me Found more worthy of thy *poet-heart than such a one as I?
1897Q. Rev. Oct. 331 The poet-satirist succeeds the *poet-humorist.
1859W. Bagehot Coll. Works (1965) II. 114 The *poet-king of Israel..David.
1571Golding Calvin on Ps. vi. 7 Yet dooth not David enlarge his sorowe *Poetlike. 1842Tennyson E. Morris 27 Poet-like he spoke.
1903A. W. Patterson Schumann 140 May not the shadow of the gloom that already brooded over him..already have been overclouding the mental vision of the *poet-musician? 1947A. Einstein Music in Romantic Era iii. 28 Wagner, all his life, thought of himself not merely as a poet-musician. 1957N. Frye Sound & Poetry i. 5 The poet-musician of the Renaissance disappeared, and with few exceptions the major poets of the period gave little thought to the possibilities of musical setting.
1839Clough Early Poems ii. 19 A fount Of the true *poet-nectar whence to fill The golden urns of verse.
1931R. L. Mégroz Joseph Conrad's Mind & Method 154 Three modern *poet-novelists..might perhaps be bracketed with Wells among the competitors. 1948F. R. Leavis Great Tradition iii. 128 It was the profundity of the pondering that I had in mind when I referred to him [sc. Henry James] as a ‘poet-novelist’.
1881O. Wilde Grave of Keats in Poems 145 O *poet-painter of our English Land! 1943F. Thompson Candleford Green v. 75 Dante Gabriel Rossetti..that poet-painter.
1892Zangwill Childr. Ghetto I. 164, I sing..the restoration of our land, and become the *poet-patriot of my people.
1844Mrs. Browning Vis. Poets Concl. ii, That same green forest where had gone The *poet-pilgrim.
1886Blackie in 19th Cent. Apr. 534 The great *poet-ploughman of Scotland.
1821Byron Elegy on Keats ii, The *poet-priest Milman (So ready to kill man).
1847Tennyson Princ. iii. 256 If that strange *Poet-princess with her grand Imaginations might at all be won.
1963M. H. Abrams in N. Frye Romanticism Reconsidered 41 This voice is that of the *poet⁓prophets of the Old and New Testaments, now descending on Blake from..John Milton.
1645R. Stable Elegy on Quarles, Sol. Recant. 64 A *Poet-saint he was.
1842S. Lover Handy Andy xxi, All were silent, for the *poet-singer was a favourite. 1903L. F. Anderson Anglo-Saxon Scop 27 To have seen many lands, to have had a wide and varied experience was considered a qualification for the poet-singer's calling.
1828Carlyle Misc., Burns (1857) I. 200 A true *Poet-soul, for it needs but to be struck, and the sound it yields will be music.
1614B. Jonson Bart. Fair i. i, Gi' mee the man, can..giue the law to all the Poets, and *Poet-suckers i' Towne, because they are the Players Gossips.
1934Publ. Mod. Lang. Assoc. XLIX. 365 A *poet-warrior sings, adding the name of Grendel's conqueror to the role of Germanic heroes.
1581Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 47, I imagine, it falleth out with these *Poet-whyppers, as with some good women, who often are sicke, but in fayth they cannot tel where.
1844Mrs. Browning Vis. Poets cvii, And Sappho..O *poet-woman!
1856― Aur. Leigh v. 545 They sound strange As..lovely *poet-words grown obsolete.
1839Bailey Festus xx. (1852) 370 There is a *poet-worship, one of other Which is idolatry, and not the true Love-service of the soul to God.
e. Combinations with poets' or poet's: poets' cassia, the fragrant shrub anciently called cassia, supposed to be Osyris alba (see cassia1 3); Poets' Corner, (a) name for a part of the south transept of Westminster Abbey, which contains the graves and monuments of several distinguished poets (called, in the Spectator 1711, ‘the poetical Quarter’: see poetical a. 1); (b) applied humorously to a part of a newspaper or other periodical containing short poetical contributions; poet's daffodil = poets' narcissus; poets' (or poet's) narcissus, the common white narcissus, N. poeticus; also = pheasant's eye 2; poets' rosemary = poets' cassia.
1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 323 *Poet's Cassia, Osyris.
1765Falconer Demag. 235 While his demure Welch goat, with lifted hoof, In *Poet's corner hangs each flimsy woof. 1766Entick London IV. 417 An iron gate opens into the south cross isle; which from the number of monuments erected therein to celebrated English poets, has obtained the name of The Poets Corner. 1781W. Cowper Let. 27 Feb. (1908) 60 If you please you may send it [sc. a poem] to the Poet's Corner. 1785Crabbe Newspaper ad fin., The Poet's Corner is the place they choose, A fatal nursery for an infant Muse; Unlike that Corner where true Poets lie. 1881Antiquary Oct. 137 Westminster Abbey: a Study on Poets' Corner.
[1772R. Weston Universal Botanist III. 504 Poetic or Common pale Daffodil, or Narcissus.] 1870W. Robinson Wild Garden ii. 112 *Poet's Daffodil. Narcissus poeticus. Southern Europe.
1841*Poet's narcissus [see hoop-petticoat 2]. 1883W. Robinson Eng. Flower Garden 192/2 The finer types of the Poet's Narcissus should be grown for cutting. 1936L. B. Wilder Adventures with Hardy Bulbs 19 The Poets Narcissus is perfect for dampish locations. 1965H. Ramsbotham tr. Schauenberg's Bulb Bk. iii. 229 This is the Poet's narcissus, one of the most widely distributed European species. 1977R. Genders Scented Flora of World 322/2 (heading) The Poet's Narcissus and Hybrids.
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. vi. 1110 The *Poets Rosemarie or Gardrobe, Casia Poetica L'Obelij. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 323 Poet's Rosemary, Osyris. |