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单词 polishing
释义 I. polishing, vbl. n.|ˈpɒlɪʃɪŋ|
[f. as prec. + -ing1.]
The action of the verb polish.
1. a. The action of making the surface of anything smooth or glossy; the fact of being polished.
1530Palsgr. 256/2 Polysshing makyng smothe of a thynge, polissure.1611Bible Lam. iv. 7 They were more ruddy in body than rubies, their polishing was of sapphire.1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iii. iv, Till artful polishing has made it shine.1894Athenæum 4 Aug. 149/3 Some of the gems he has extracted need no polishing.
b. pl. The particles removed by any polishing process, esp. the dust produced in polishing articles of precious metal, or in cutting precious stones. (Cf. filings.) Also, the outer layers of rice grain usually removed during the milling process.
1890in Cent. Dict.1912Chambers's Jrnl. Apr. 237/2 If the birds were fed on the milled rice mixed with the outer husks or ‘polishings’ which had been removed, the disease did not manifest itself.1937Discovery Nov. 348/2 Rice, or rather that part of it known as ‘polishings’, is the source of a vitamin product... Rice polishings are the external layers of the rice grain, usually removed by milling or ‘polishing’ in preparing the cereal for the market.
2. fig.
a. The action of refining: see polish v. 2.
1617R. Brathwait Smoaking Age O iij b, Yea, he dislikes this polishing of Art, Which may refine the Core, but spoiles the heart.1667Sprat Hist. R. Soc. 41 The English language..has been hitherto a little too carelessly handled; and I think, has had less labor spent about its polishing, then it deserves.1766Goldsm. Vic. W. ix, My wife..adding, that there was nothing she more ardently wished than to give her girls a single winter's polishing.
b. The action of glossing over. Obs. rare.
1646W. Jenkyn Remora 21 This impure polishing over of Sin.
c. The filtration of the last traces of suspended solids from a liquid at the final stage in a process, spec. in the brewing of beer, and in the purification of effluent.
1938Jrnl. Inst. Brewing XLIV. 466/2 One type of sheet filter composed of 160 sheets, 80 on each side, one side for ‘roughing’ and the other for ‘polishing’.1956L. B. Escritt Sewerage & Sewage Disposal xviii. 361 The waterworks process of sand filtration has also been found satisfactory for effluent polishing.1957K. Barton-Wright tr. J. de Clerck's Textbk. Brewing I. xxii. 465 These sheet filters hold back yeast much better, and polishing is frequently omitted, whereas the metal mesh grids invariably let yeast pass through and a polishing filtration must always be carried out.1958New Biol. XXV. 88 Similar oxidation ponds are used in this country, e.g. in Bradford, for the final ‘polishing’ of a treated effluent, where the low flow in the receiving water demands this.1971R. L. & G. L. Culp Adv. Wastewater Treatment iii. 49 Effluent chlorination can provide more efficient disinfection of the effluent, which negates the only remaining virtue of the polishing pond for larger plants.
3. attrib. in names of tools, appliances, etc., used in producing a polish (in some of which polishing may be the ppl. adj.); as polishing-block, polishing-brush, polishing-disk, polishing-file, polishing-hammer, polishing-iron, polishing-jack, polishing-machine, polishing-paste, polishing-powder, polishing-room, polishing-stick, polishing-stone, polishing-tool, polishing-wheel; polishing-bed, a machine in which the surface of stone is rubbed smooth (Cent. Dict. 1890); polishing-cask (a) a barrel in which articles are rolled and polished by friction with each other or with some polishing-powder; (b) a barrel in which grained gunpowder is placed with graphite to glaze it (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); polishing-mill, a lap of metal or other material used by lapidaries in polishing gems (Knight); polishing-slate, (a) a grey or yellow slate found in the coal measures of Bohemia, etc., used for polishing; (b) a kind of whetstone; polishing-snake, a kind of serpentine used formerly for polishing lithographic stones (Simmonds Dict. Trade 1858); polishing-tin (Bookbinding), a thin plate of tinned iron placed between the covers and the first and last leaves of a book, to keep the linings smooth and protect the leaves from the dampness of the cover (Simmonds).
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Polishing-block, a. a block between the jaws of a vise on which an object is laid to polish it...b. A block shod with polishing material and moved over the face of the object to be polished.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Polishing-brush, a hand brush for shining stoves or grates with black lead.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Polishing disk,..small instruments..placed in a drill-stock, to polish the surfaces of dentures, teeth, or fillings.
1706Phillips, Polisher,..a *Polishing-Iron.1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Polishing-iron, a smoothing iron.
1884Knight Dict. Mech. Suppl., *Polishing Jack,..a machine..for polishing leather when considerable pressure is required.
1853Byrne Artisan's Handbk. 205 Thus we have..the smoothing-mill, and the *polishing-mill, all generally of metal.1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 88 Polishing mills are usually of ivory or tortoise-shell.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Polishing-paste, a kind of blacking or paste for harness and leather;..[or] for giving a polish to articles of household furniture.1916‘Taffrail’ Pincher Martin vi. 86 A convenient receptacle for dirty cotton-waste, polishing-paste, bath-brick, and emery-paper.1969Gloss. Terms Dentistry (B.S.I.) 64 Polishing paste, a blend of fine abrasive particles with bonding agents and flavouring. It is used for cleaning and polishing surfaces of teeth, restorations and appliances.
1849C. Brontë Shirley III. xiv. 299 The cup and platter he burnished up with the best *polishing-powder.1854–67C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. 542/2 A polishing powder, made by dissolving copperas in water [etc.].1895[see blueing, bluing vbl. n. 2].1969Gloss. Terms Dentistry (B.S.I.) 64 Polishing powder, a material containing fine abrasive particles for polishing teeth.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 131 The smooth plate then finds its way to the *polishing-room, where the tables travel under a double series of rubbers.
1849Craig, *Polishing-slate, the Tripoli, or Polierschiefer of geologists, a substance used in polishing, and entirely composed of the silicious shields of microscopic Infusoria.1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Polishing-slates, a name for hone-slates or whet-stones.
1875T. Seaton Fret Cutting 29, I generally use a *polishing-stick, a contrivance of my own.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Polidero, a *polishing toole, politorium.
1867C. A. Harris Dict. Med. Terminol. (ed. 3), *Polishing wheel, a small wheel with the peripheral surface covered with buck-skin or other soft leather, and made to revolve on the mandrel of a lathe.
II. ˈpolishing, ppl. a.
[-ing2.]
That polishes.
1825Eng. Life II. 92 She would send them to the most polishing boarding-schools.
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