| 释义 |
polygenic, a.|pɒlɪˈdʒɛnɪk|
[f. Gr. πολυ-, poly- + γενικός, f. γένος kind, or (in sense 2) from -gen 1 + -ic.]
1. Geol. = polygenous 1.
1858Mayne Expos. Lex., Polygenicus,..applied to a rock which owes its origin to fragments of different rocks united by calcareous cement..; or to divers fragments of homogeneous rocks being united by a variable cement: polygenic.
2. Chem. Forming more than one compound with hydrogen or other monovalent element.
1873Watts Fownes' Chem. (ed. 11) 231 All other elements are polygenic, uniting with the Monogens. 1877Ibid. (ed. 12) I. 261 It seems most probable that the true quantivalence or atomicity of a polygenic element is that which corresponds with the maximum number of monad atoms with which it can combine.
3. Genetics. [ad. G. polygen (L. Plate Vererbungslehre mit besonderer Berücksichtigung des Menschen (1913) ii. 75).] Of, pertaining to, or determined by polygenes.
[1927Zeitschr. für Induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre XLIII. 331 The discovery of polygenous characters, especially the phenomenon of polymeria discovered by Nilsson Ehle, made it necessary to recognize, that at least a great many characters are determined not by one but by several and even many genes.] 1941Jrnl. Genetics XLI. 160 Qualitative variation is usually monogenic or digenic in inheritance. Cases of trigenic and tetragenic inheritance are known, but are relatively rare. In contrast with these, quantitative variation may be said to be polygenic, and this term will be adopted. 1949Darlington & Mather Elem. Genetics iii. 66 These genes are inherited in the mendelian way, but their differences have effects which are small in relation to those of non-heritable agencies (or at least in relation to the total variation), similar to one another and supplementary to one another... Such a set of genes constitutes a polygenic system, and its individual members may be conveniently termed polygenes. 1954Antiquity XXVIII. 197 A genetic analysis of such polygenic characters as bone size and shape. 1961Brit. Med. Bull. XVII. 241 All polygenic inheritance is polymeric, but not all polymeric inheritance is polygenic. 1971Heythrop Jrnl. Apr. 171 The analysis of complex (polygenic) hereditary determination is most commonly conducted by means of twin studies. 1978Dædalus Spring 215 Much more complex choices will confront us when we think we know enough to tackle polygenic traits which may have important expression in emotional behavior or intellectual capacity.
Hence polyˈgenically adv., by means of or with regard to polygenes.
1943Biol. Rev. XVIII. 61 Polygenically controlled differences are quantitative rather than qualitative and do not lead to the sharp segregation shown by the more familiar genetical differences. 1957Heredity XI. 392 Such an approximately even distribution..might even be anticipated given that any sizeable block of heterochromatin near the centromere is, mitotic length for length, about as polygenically active as the euchromatin of more distal regions. 1976Nature 23 Sept. 317/1 A common feature of many selection experiments, when polygenically determined traits are involved, is a reduction in the reproductive fitness of the selected strains. |