| 释义 |
polyp, polype|ˈpɒlɪp|
Forms: 5 polippe, 6 polipe, 7 polip, 7– polype, polyp. See also poulp.
[a. F. polype (polipe, v.r. polpe in Brun. Lat. 13th c.), ad. L. polyp-us: see polypus.]
†1. Zool. Properly, an animal having many feet or foot-like processes: but in use restricted to certain organisms, not all answering to this description.
†a. orig. A cephalopod having eight or ten arms or tentacles, as an octopus or a cuttle-fish; = poulp (F. poulpe). Obs.
1583Greene Mamillia ii. Wks. (Grosart) II. 257 The Polipe chaunge themselues into the likenesse of euerie obiect. 1590Lodge Euphues' Gold. Leg. (Hunter. Cl.) 12 Their passions are as momentarie as the colours of a Polipe, which changeth at the sight of euerie obiect. 1602F. Herring Anat. 10 Beeing himselfe more variable then the Polyp. 1616Bullokar Eng. Expos. s.v., Inconstant persons are sometimes said to be Polypes. a1693Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xiii. 108 The Preak (by some called the Polyp). 1752Watson in Phil. Trans. XLVII. 462 The great sea polype (which is eaten in Lent in the Mediterranean).
b. In later use, widely applied to various animals of low organization; chiefly to cœlenterates of different classes, esp. a hydra or other hydrozoan, a ‘coral-insect’ or other anthozoan; also to the polyzoa, to certain echinoderms, and loosely to rotifers, infusorians, etc.
c. Many of the above being compound or ‘colonial’ organisms, the term is hence used spec. for a single individual, ‘person’, or zooid of the colony (also polypide, polypite).
1742H. Baker Microsc. ii. v. 97 A Creature called Polype found adhering to the Lens Palustris. 1743― in Phil. Trans. XLII. 616, I chuse a Polype to my Mind, and put it in a small convex Lens with a Drop of Water. 1752Watson ibid. XLVII. 467 There are some species of the polype of the madrepora, which are produced singly, others in clusters. 1754Brander ibid. XLVIII. 806 The polyp is an animal of the vermicular kind. 1788Smith ibid. LXXVIII. 163 But their animated flowers or polypes, in which the essence of their being resides, are endued with both these properties in an high degree. 1855Kingsley Glaucus (1878) App. 232 The simplest form of polype is that of a fleshy bag open at one end, surmounted by a circle of contractile threads or fingers called tentacles. 1872Mivart Elem. Anat. 8 A 6th primary group..Cœlenterata, contains all sea-anemones, jelly-fishes, Portuguese men-of-war, and all polyps. 1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (1883) 98 These are Polypes, the brown ones belonging to the species termed Hydra fusca, the green to that called H. viridis. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xv. 256 The growth of the coral polypes. 1879tr. De Quatrefages' Hum. Spec. 1 Polyps were long regarded as plants. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 726 The zooids are sometimes dimorphic and then are known as autozooids (= polypes).
fig.1829Gen. P. Thompson Exerc. (1842) I. 41 The polype of human happiness, though cut in pieces and turned inside out, still lives, and applies itself to multiply and grow.
2. Path. = polypus 2.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 19 In doynge awey polippis [v.r. polippes] þat is fleisch þat growiþ wiþinne þe nose. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 35 The iuice healeth the polip in the nose. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 823 When a polyp exists at the apex of the intussusceptum, it forms..a very definite impediment to reduction. 1955Sci. News Let. 1 Oct. 217/1 Polyps are small growths which may be non-cancerous but which are believed capable of developing into cancers. 1961[see polypus 2]. 1966Economist 12 Nov. 654/3 Power can corrupt—the Far Eastern tour apparently made both Mr Johnson's incisional hernia and the polyp in his throat worse. 1974Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. III. xxviii. 43/1 Endometrial polyps are frequently asymptomatic and discovered in the course of a curettage... Recurring polyps associated with adenomatous hyperplasia in the postmenopausal patient should be regarded as premalignant and treated by hysterectomy.
3. attrib. and Comb. (in sense 1), as polyp-bearer, polyp-cell, polyp-colony, polyp-cup, † polyp-fish (= 1 a), polyp-mass; polypstem, -stock, the stem, stock, or common support of a compound polyp; = polypary, polypidom; † polyp-stone, app. some precious stone supposed to change colour like the ‘polyp’ (see 1 a); polyp-tree = polyp-stem.
1846Dana Zooph. ii. (1848) 15 note, Polypifer, polypary, and polypidom, signifying *polyp-bearer, or a hive or house of polpys.
1846Patterson Zool. 22 The stem is covered with one continuous living membrane, in which are the *polype-cells.
1846Dana Zooph. (1848) 182 Nine to twelve lamellæ meet at each *polyp-centre.
1854Murchison Siluria x. 214 The parent *polype-cup.
a1618Davies Wittes Pilgr. G j, The *Polipp Fishe sitts all the Winter longe Stock-still, through Slouthe.
1846Patterson Zool. 20 A community, forming altogether a *polype-mass, variable in form, and strengthened in different ways.
1884Stand. Nat. Hist. (1888) I. 99 In larger specimens the length of the nectostem is about one-third that of the *polypstem.
1583Greene Mamillia Wks. (Grosart) II. 77 Comparing them to the *Polipe stone, that chaungeth colours euery houre.
1915E. R. Lankester Diversions of Naturalist xi. 97 The little jelly-fish are the ripe individuals of the polyps, and produce eggs and sperm which grow to be *polyp-trees. |