| 释义 |
▪ I. retaliate, v.1|rɪˈtælɪeɪt|
[f. ppl. stem of late L. retāliāre (Gellius), f. re- re- + tālis such-like: cf. tālio, -ōnis a punishment or penalty similar to the injury done.]
1. trans. To requite, repay in kind, make return for:
a. a kindness, civility, etc. Now rare.
1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. x. i. §29 Neither lesse was his Maiesties desire to retaliate the Citizens and other his Subiects true affections. 1638Sir T. Herbert Trav. 137 Our Ambassador sent word..to the Dukes son, his visit should be retaliated. 1683Tryon Way to Health 27 They love to retaliate Kindnesses, and hate any should think they are of a churlish nature. 1718Lawson Carolina Ded., I cannot, in the least, pretend to retaliate Your Lordships Favours to me. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. II. 199 The Spaniards retaliated the benevolence of Archdale.
b. injury, ill-treatment, etc.
a1631Donne Prohibition ii, Not that I shalbe mine owne officer, And hate with hate againe retalliate. 1671[R. MacWard] True Nonconf. 38 Thus you have forced me to retaliat your provocation. 1697Potter Antiq. Greece iii. xviii. (1715) 143 They should retaliate the Injuries receiv'd from the Barbarians, by carrying the War into their own Country. 1760Chron. in Ann. Reg. 114/1 The Dutch Commodore..resolved to retaliate the supposed injury he had received. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) IV. 250 In order to retaliate these hostilities, the Spaniards undertook the siege of Gibraltar. 1817Jas. Mill Brit. India II. iv. v. 200 The native officers..imagined they had now authority for retaliating some of the indignities. 1857Buckle Civiliz. I. xii. 686 They used their abilities to retaliate the injury.
c. Const. upon (a person). Also, to inflict in return, to cast back, upon (one).
1676I. Mather K. Philip's War (1862) 185 Thus did the Lord..retaliate upon him the innocent blood which he had shed. 1690Child Disc. Trade (1698) 132 May not other Princes account it hard and unreasonable, and consequently retaliate the like upon us? 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 143 He retaliated on the Avars..the same calamities which they had inflicted on the nations. 1839James Louis XIV, IV. 157 An opportunity..for retaliating the charge of outrageous ambition upon William himself.
†2. To give in return or reply. Obs. rare—1.
1634Sir T. Herbert Trav. 73 This wretch so blazed himself, and in requitall..had no other language retaliated him, saue teares, sighes,..and strange feares.
†3. To repay or requite (a person). Obs. rare.
1642R. Harris Sermon 27 Yea, hee will..retaliate our Adversaries and justify our Cause. 1656S. H. Gold. Law 87 Consider with your selves how you have retaliated me!
4. intr. To make return or requital:
†a. of a kindness, civility, etc. Obs.
1658Franck North. Mem. (1821) 126 This your kindness obliges me to retaliate with as much piety as becomes a Christian. 1675H. Teonge Diary 1 Aug., Our Capt. would not salute the cytty, except they would retaliate. 1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. p. xii, It comes in my way here to retaliate to him by the just mention [etc.]. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. lxvi, Well-placed liberality..may load the person obliged with the sense of the duty he lies under to retaliate; this is gratitude.
b. of injury, insult, etc.
1668–9Marvell Corr. Wks. (Grosart) II. 245 If our act ly heavy upon them, 'tis but reason that they may retaliat. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii. Wks. 1874 I. 57 Men..retaliate..under the notion of having received harm. 1771Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) IV. 385 To retaliate for the affront he pretended to have received. 1836Thirlwall Greece xiv. II. 230 The æginetans retaliated by the capture of their sacred vessel. 1855Brewster Newton II. xv. 70 He was now more anxious to explain his own conduct than to retaliate upon his adversaries. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 390 Then we ought not to retaliate or render evil for evil to any one.
Hence reˈtaliated, reˈtaliating ppl. adjs.
1623Fletcher Reward of Faithf. Ep. Ded., I am glad your Estates will be alwayes beyond any retaliating kindnesses of mine. 1764Goldsm. Hist. Eng. in Lett. (1772) I. 208 She treated his passion with retaliated contempt. 1836J. Gilbert Chr. Atonem. iii. (1852) 78 In the act of inflicting such retaliated suffering, a vent is opened for the passions struggling within. 1862Thornbury Turner I. 271 The ‘Liber Studiorum’ was begun by Turner in retaliating rivalry of Claude's ‘Liber Veritatis’.
▪ II. † reˈtaliate, v.2 Obs.—1
trans. To retail.
1640Fuller Joseph's Coat viii. 180 Lavishing by wholesale, all honour on one, and scarce Retaliating out any respect to the other. |