| 释义 |
porch|pɔətʃ|
Also 3–7 porche, 5 poorche, 6 portche, 7 portch.
[a. F. porche:—L. portic-us colonnade, gallery, porch. (OE. had portic = OHG. pforzih, directly from L. porticus.)]
1. a. An exterior structure forming a covered approach to the entrance of a building; sometimes applied to an interior space serving as a vestibule.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 381/158 Est-ward þe dore and þe porche. a1300E.E. Psalter cxv. 18 In porches ofe lauerdes hous. 1340Ayenb. 135 He is ase þe y-maymed ate porche of þe cherche. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 225 In a somer I hym seigh, as I satte in my porche. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 143 No stynkyng flesshe myht in the poorche abyde. 1530Palsgr. 257/1 Portche of waynscot, conterquayre. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. ix. 24 Of hewen stone the porch was fayrely wrought. 1663Gerbier Counsel 99 If a Portch be affected, let it then be a vaste Portuco. 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xvi, The church was old and grey, with ivy clinging to the walls, and round the porch. 1898G. B. Shaw Candida i. 80 The parsonage is semi⁓detached, with a front garden and a porch. 1916Joyce Portrait of Artist (1969) 162 He pushed open the latchless door of the porch and passed through the naked hallway into the kitchen. 1919G. B. Shaw O'Flaherty V.C. in Heartbreak House 167 The porch, painted white, projects into the drive. 1980R. McCrum In Secret State vii. 60 He returned to the porch, unlocked the front door and stepped inside.
b. transf. and fig.
1611B. Jonson Catiline i. i, Not infants in the porch of life were free. 1692Wagstaffe Vind. Carol. Introd. 12 But I stay too long in the Porch. 1866B. Taylor Passing the Sirens 222 It penetrates The guarded porches of the brain.
c. A small platform outside the hatch of a spacecraft.
1969Daily Tel. 14 July 16/5 Wearing their bulky suits and life-support packs, they will open the narrow hatch. Armstrong will squeeze himself out on to a small platform called the ‘porch’. 1970N. Armstrong et al. First on Moon xi. 266 Armstrong: ‘Yes. Got it... Okay, Houston, I'm on the porch.’
2. In the north of England applied to a transept or side chapel in a church.
1522Durham Wills (Surtees) II. 105 My body to be buried in the Churche of Kellowe in my Porch of or Ladye. 1613Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 167 Rec. of Mr Robert Hilyard for the halfe part of the portch in the North Allye, which part Mr Hilyard did new build of his owne cost..ij s. 1794W. Hutchinson Hist. Durham III. 151 On the north side is a porch, in which lie the tombs of Conyers. 1893C. Hodges in Reliquary Jan. 5 The term porch is used for a transept or chapel in the north of England to the present day.
3.
†a. A colonnade, portico, cloister, stoa; spec. in the East, such a place used as a hall of justice; hence, the tribunal held there. Cf. porte. Obs.
c1420Lydg. Story Thebes ii. in Chaucer's Wks. (1561) 362/2 In a porche, bilte of square stones..Where the domes, and ples of the toun Were executed, and lawes of the king. 1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. i. xxi. 26 b, [A] square place enuironed with..pillers in two ranks after the manner of a porch. 1599Hakluyt Voy. II. 295 Your Maiesties Embassadour resident in the blessed and glorious porch of his imperiall Highnesse. 1601Shakes. Jul. C. i. iii. 126 They stay for me In Pompeyes Porch: for now this fearefull Night, There is no stirre, or walking in the streetes. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 31 A Gallery or very wide vaulted Porch, runs all round the Court.
b. A verandah. N.Amer.
1832J. P. Kennedy Swallow Barn II. 41 Hafen Blok was regaling his circle of auditors in the porch at Swallow Barn. 1840H. Malcom Trav. 43/1 About twenty or thirty patients, mostly Chinese, meet daily in his porch at four o'clock. 1867D. G. Mitchell Rur. Stud. 99 A country house without a porch is like a man without an eyebrow. 1901S. E. White Westerners 251 Then there was the gambler, the faro man, who sat on the hotel ‘porch’. 1916H. L. Wilson Somewhere in Red Gap v. 195 Wilbur Todd had once endeavoured to hold her hand out on the porch at a country-club dance. 1925F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gatsby (1926) i. 14 The two young women preceded us out onto a rosy-colored porch, open toward the sunset, where four candles flickered on the table in the diminished wind. 1932Atlantic Monthly Feb. 193/2 Broad porches ran the length of the house on both sides. 1948Manch. Guardian Weekly 30 Dec. 13/1 President Truman has left the neo-Roman slabs of Washington to go home to Independence in Missouri, where he can feel more comfortable sitting on the back porch of an old frame house. 1968Globe Mag. (Toronto) 13 Jan. 13/1 Raymond Souster would be the amiable fellow on the porch reminiscing with complacent nostalgia for lost times. 1978C. Macleod Rest you Merry ix. 60 The student..had dumped the suitcases on the short walk in front of the brick house, and was studying the porch.
c. A small utility room attached to the back of a house. N. Amer. dial.
1916Dialect Notes IV. 335 [Nantucket] Porch, an ell kitchen. 1929Amer. Speech V. 124 ‘Piazzer’ was the only term applied to a veranda [sc. in the dialect of Maine]. The ‘porch’ was a sort of extra shed-kitchen used as a laundry. 1969in Halpert & Story Christmas Mumming in Newfoundland 211 The ‘porch’ is a small room at the rear of the house used for storing wood, hanging coats, cooking utensils, and so on. A door, which is always kept closed, leads from the porch into the kitchen.
4. spec. the Porch, the Painted Porch (Gr. στοὰ ποικίλη), a public ambulatory in the agora of ancient Athens, to which Zeno the philosopher and his disciples resorted; hence (οἱ τῆς στοᾶς, those of the porch), the Stoic school, the Stoic philosophy.
[14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 613/35 Stoica, a porche peyntyd.] 1670Moral State Eng. 101 They commended the ingenuity of the ancient Schools and Porch. 1677Gale Crt. Gentiles II. iii. 132 Specially from Plato's Academie; some also from Zeno's porch. 1693Dryden Juvenal (1697) p. lxxx, Ev'n there he forgets not the Precepts of the Porch. 1751J. Brown Shaftesb. Charact. 160 In the same high style of the Athenian porch, he passeth judgment on the hopes of the religious. 1871Blackie Four Phases i. 51 The words of a great son of the porch.
5. Coal-mining. An arched excavation at the bottom of a shaft. dial.
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal Mining, Porch, (Yorks.) the arching at the pit bottom inset. 1903Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., At the bottom of the shaft Dick and I made a porch for about 6 yards... From the end of the porch I cleared out and packed an old bord.
†6. Billiards. (See quot.) Obs.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Pass,..a Term of Billiards, when the Ball goes through the Court or Porch, it is said to pass.
7. Television. In a video signal, either of the two periods of line blanking immediately before and after the line-synchronizing pulse; known respectively as the front porch and back porch.
1941Proc. IRE XXIX. 307/1 The difference between 0·06H and 0·07H, namely 1 per cent of H, is the ‘front porch’ of the pedestal. 1953Amos & Birkinshaw Television Engin. I. ii. 32 The period of blanking level immediately following the line-sync signal..is termed the back porch. Ibid., There is a brief period of blanking level occurring immediately before each line-sync signal. This is known as the front porch. 1965Wireless World Aug. 389/1 The phasing of the oscillator is determined by the duration of the front porch of the composite video wave-form, the flyback time of the line circuit and the tightness of lock. 1966[see line blanking s.v. line n.2 32].
8. attrib. and Comb., as porch chair, porch-door, porch-gable, porch-pillar, porch rail, porch roof, porch-seat, porch-tomb, porch-tower, porch-trellis, porch-way; porch-climber N. Amer. slang, a burglar; hence porch-climbing ppl. adj.; porch-post support, see quot. 1875.
1908Sears, Roebuck Catal. 753/2 Folding porch chair, made of wood frame with denim body. 1911Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 25 Apr. 6/7 (Advt.), Porch and Verandah Chairs. There are no chairs more suitable for the porch or verandah than Sea Grass or Rattan. 1948Democrat 22 Apr. 1/7 Porch and Lawn Chairs, Swings, Gliders and Metal Tables.
1900Ade More Fables 218 He had a Chinaman for a Servant, because the Chinaman did not know he was an Author, but supposed him to be a Retired Porch-Climber. 1901‘J. Flynt’ World of Graft 27 The remaining third of Chicago's professional thieves are good, bad, and indifferent ‘sneaks’, ‘porch-climbers’, [etc.]. 1916Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 27 July 6/3 Some well-intentioned citizens see a potential second-storey man or porch-climber in everyone who is not within doors after the stroke of midnight. 1927Scribner's Mag. Feb. 180/1 The depredations of porch-climbers, safe-blowers,..and common thieves were a source of alarm.
1912Collier's 28 Dec. 15/3 Beware of the beautiful ladies who have porch-climbing, safe-blowing pals.
c1440Alphabet of Tales 349 Þer was made abown þe porch-dure many ymagis of stone.
1855Ecclesiologist XVI. 337 A part of this porch-gable was to be erected in 1854.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Porch-post Support, a casting placed between the foot of a post and the floor of a porch to prevent decay of the two at that point.
1929Oxf. Poetry 53 Brown meadow grass and cat-tails My banisters and porch rails—All these belonged to me. 1948E. Pound Pisan Cantos (1949) lxxvi. 43 As the cat walked the porch rail at Gardone.
1869‘Mark Twain’ Innoc. Abr. xliii. 448 The porch-roof is composed of tremendous slabs of stone.
1552Huloet, Porche seate, præstega.
1880Archæol. Cant. XIII. 377 This porch-tomb's canopy is handsomely carved.
1875Parker Gloss. Archit. s.v., They have sometimes rooms over them, and are carried up as many stories in height as the rest of the building, and this projection is called the porch-tower.
1884in Harper's Mag. Oct. 703/2 There are..friendly porchways to get under.
Hence porched a. [-ed2], having a porch; ˈporchless a., without a porch.
1859F. Francis N. Dogvane (1888) 236 The porched door⁓way of the hostelry. 1873Whitney Other Girls xv, The pillars in the porched veranda. 1881T. Hardy Laodicean iii. ii, He reached the porchless door. |