| 释义 |
▪ I. retard, n.|rɪˈtɑːd|
[a. F. retard (= Sp., Pg. retardo, It. ritardo), f. retarder: see next.]
1. Retardation, delay. in retard, retarded, delayed; in the rear of.
1788Jefferson Writ. 1859 II. 353 A single day's retard. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. xv. x. (1872) VI. 65 The rearward regiments..are in painful retard. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. iv. 132, I was far in retard of them in real knowledge. 1971Times 14 Apr. 14/3 The Government, somewhat in retard of the fact, enacted the..eugenic protection law in 1949.
2. retard of the tide or retard of high water, the interval between the moon's transit and the high water following upon this. Also ellipt.
1833Phil. Trans. CXXIII. 19 The retard..at Portsmouth appears to be intermediate between that at Brest and at London. 1845Encycl. Metrop. V. 257* marg., Retard of high water upon the moon's transit. 1862New Amer. Cycl. XV. 471 At Boston, this delay, which is called the retard, or age of the tide, is nearly 36 hours.
3. A device in a motor vehicle for retarding the ignition spark.
1932Motoring Encycl. 10/3 The Bosch automatic advance and retard (Fig. 3) is a simple design for a stationary armature type of magneto. 1977Hot Car Oct. 75/3 The old one is capped off still retaining the advance retard.
4. U.S. slang. A mentally retarded person.
1970Time 23 Mar. 49 There are..heroin addicts, Air Force and CIA mental retards and Broadway Indians doing a Broadway Snake Dance. 1971New Yorker 16 Jan. 76 The younger son, self-described as ‘a hard-core retard’, dreams of escaping to the wilds of Oregon to gambol with the bears and squirrels. 1979Observer 21 Oct. 53/5 These are men who have been out of England for years on end... Social retards, they can still hold onto their given obsolete ideas and prejudices about women because of their geographical isolation, and their marooned intellects.
▪ II. retard, v.|rɪˈtɑːd|
[ad. F. retarder (13th c., = Sp. and Pg. retardar, It. ritardare), or L. retardāre, f. re- re- + tardus slow.]
1. trans. To keep back, to delay, hinder, impede (a person or thing in respect of progress, movement, action, or accomplishment).
c1489Caxton Blanchardyn xxiii. 75 Here is one doubte that retardeth myne ymagynacyon. 1636Denham Destr. Troy 423 The one retarded was By feeble age, the other by a wound. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 260 The sight of this fishing retarded us above an houre. 1694Crowne Regulus iv. 41, I must retard her while I get my pardon. 1728Young Love Fame ii. 281 Since smallest things can give our sins a twitch, As crossing straws retard a passing witch. 1732T. Lediard Sethos II. ix. 291 This fleet..was extremely retarded by the winds. 1823F. Clissold Ascent Mt. Blanc 21 We had been much retarded by difficulties, and waiting for wearied guides. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. vi. 253 When these waves [of light] enter a prism of glass they are retarded. 1868Ouseley Harmony ix, When the fifth is retarded, the dissonance of the second by retardation is produced.
2. To delay the progress or accomplishment, to impede the course, of (an action, movement, etc.).
1572Reg. Privy Council Scot. II. 158 That sa haly a work be not retardit. 1610B. Jonson Alch. iv. v, This'll retard The worke, a month at least. 1642C. Vernon Consid. Exch. 91 The principal causes which have hindred and retarded the due answering of the Kings Revenues and Debts. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 268 They neither assist nor retard the Revolutions of the Planets. 1725Pope Odyss. xv. 40 Nor let the night retard thy full career. 1776Adam Smith W. N. ii. v. (1869) I. 371 They would retard instead of accelerating the further increase. 1822Lamb Elia i. Old Actors, He seemed to keep back his intellect, as some have had the power to retard their pulsation. 1844Thirlwall Greece lxv. VIII. 379 The patriots endeavoured to avert or retard the ruin of the League. 1871B. Stewart Heat (ed. 2) §98 Capillary attraction appears to retard the formation of ice.
b. To defer, postpone, put off. rare.
1735in Pope's Lett. Suppl. 11 He retarded his Edition of Mr. Cromwell's Letters till the Twenty-Second of March. 1820Scott Monast. xvi, If we were now either to advance or retard the hour of refection beyond the time.
3. intr. To be delayed; to come, appear, or happen later; to undergo retardation.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 194 Putrefaction..shall retard or accelerate according to the subject and season of the year. 1665Phil. Trans. I. 38 The Comet advances..towards the East, and..retards towards the West. 1738Ibid. XL. 312 The next Evening it retarded two Hours. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVIII. 520/2 Its motion from Q to o must retard by the same degrees as it accelerated in passing from s to Q. 1807Pike Sources Mississ. App. (1810) 61 Until the arrival of my sergeant and the balance of the party (should they not retard more than 20 days). 1849Herschel Outl. Astron. §681 Through BE the force retards, and the moon approaches.
b. To delay to do something. rare—1.
a1732Gay Tales, Apparition, Call loud on Justice, bid her not retard To punish murder. |