| 释义 |
▪ I. portraiture|ˈpɔətrətjʊə(r)|
Forms: α. 4–5 purtreyture, -treiture, 5 -treture, -trayture, -tretur, -tatur, 5–6 -trat(o)ure, 6–7 -traiture. β. 4–5 portreiture, -treyt(o)ure; Sc. -tratore, -owre, 4–6 -treture, 5–6 Sc. -tratour(e; 5–7 -trature, -trayture, 6–7 -tracture, Sc. -traitour, (6 -turature, -terature, -tature, -titure, Sc. protatour), 6–7 portracture, Sc. -traitour, 7–8 -traicture, 5– portraiture. γ. 5 pourtreture, 5–7 -trature, 5–8 -traiture, 6–8 -traicture, 7 -tracture.
[ME. a. OF. pur-, pour-, portraiture (12–13th c. in Hatz.-Darm.), f. pourtrait pa. pple. and n., portrait + -ure.]
1. The action or art of portraying; representation of an object by painting, drawing, etc.; delineation. Also in concrete or collective sense; esp. in phr. in portraiture = portrayed, delineated.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xi. (Symon & Judas) 68 A paynteore, Þat rycht sle wes in portratore. c1384Chaucer H. Fame i. 131 In portreytoure I sawgh anoon ryght hir figure Naked fletynge in a see. c1386― Knt.'s T. 1110 The portreiture [v.rr purtreyture, pourtrature, purtratoure, etc.] that was vp on the wal. 1390Gower Conf. II. 83 Zeuzis fond ferst the pourtreture. 1461Liber Pluscardensis xi. viii, With plesand propirnes of portratoure. 1546Langley Pol. Verg. De Invent. ii. xvi. 62 Porturature Gykes a Lidiun as Plinie thinketh did first inuent & deuyse it in Egipte. a1568R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 137 As in portracture and paintyng. 1711Steele Spect. No. 4 ⁋7 The Portraitures of insignificant People by ordinary Painters. 1718Free-thinker No. 63. 56 How lovely sacred Pourtraiture appears! 1846Ruskin Mod. Paint. II. iii. i. xiv. §14 We find the custom of portraiture constant with them. 1874Edin. Rev. July 172 Portraiture rose to its highest excellence as the nobler characteristics of sculpture faded.
2. concr. A figure or delineation of a person or thing; a picture, drawing, etc.: = portrait 1, 1 b.
(In quot. c 1440, A diagram, figure.)
a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 141 With many riche portraitures. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. i. 387 In euclidis bokys wyth his portraturys. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xix. 114 Picturis and purtraturis or graued werk. 1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 88 Images and porteratures of menne. 1555Eden Decades 105 Portitures of herbes floures and knottes. 1563J. Man Musculus' Commonpl. 48 To be worshipped in images and portatures. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 257 His pourtraiture engrauen thereupon. 1652–62Heylin Cosmogr. i. (1682) 210 There is a Portraicture representing Rome. 1677R. Thoroton Antiq. Nottingham (title-p.), Beautified with Maps, Prospects, and Pourtraictures. 1873Longfellow Chaucer, The chamber walls depicted all around With portraitures of huntsman, hawk, and hound.
†b. A solid image, a statue: = portrait n. 1 c.
1548Udall Erasm. Par. Luke xvi. 137 To embrace in his armes the countrefaicte porterature of a man. 1594Constable Diana vi. iii, A Carver..Hewed out the portrature of Venus sonne In Marble rocke. 1628Coke On Litt. Pref., A fair tomb of marble with his statue or portraiture upon it. 1720Hearne Collect. (O.H.S.) VII. 122 A large Grave-stone, whereon is the portraicture of a Man, seemingly in a warlike habit.
3. gen. and fig. An image, representation, figure; a mental image, idea; † a type, exemplar (obs.). (Cf. portrait n. 3.)
c1420Chron. Vilod. 1785 Þis purtatur he bare euer in here clene hert Of goddus Passion..& of his wo. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VII 53 The wyse deuises, the prudent speches, the costly woorkes, the conninge portratures practised and set foorth in .vii. goodly beutiful pageauntes. 1625Jackson Creed v. iii. §4 Him.., whose portraiture their first parents had blurred. 1650S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. i. (1654) 30 A plain Image and Portracture of that effectual Doctrine which I was thought worthy to hear. 1713Berkeley Guardian No. 62. ⁋7 The more enlarged views and gay portraitures of a lively imagination. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. I. v. 288 We can recover a distinct portraiture of many of the actors in these scenes.
4. The action or art of portraying in words; verbal ‘picturing’, graphic description.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 211 Ploughmen, carterys,..Dichers, delverys,..The staatis alle set here in portrature. 1855G. Brimley Ess., Tennyson 86 The poet, too, should attempt to rise above the portraiture of individual life. 1878Seeley Stein II. 358 A tempting subject for literary portraiture.
b. A verbal representation or ‘picture’; a vivid description: = portrait n. 3 b.
1610North Plutarch, Seneca 1223 In his portraiture of this wise man, he imagineth in this life a thing that is not to be found. 1648(title) Eikon Basilike. The Povrtraictvre of His Sacred Majestie in his solitudes and sufferings. 1774Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry ii. 97 A striking portraiture of antient manners. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. To Rdr., The pleasing pourtraictures of Peter Pattieson, now given unto thee. 1863Cowden Clarke Shaks. Char. xv. 374 Shakespeare's portraiture of John of Gaunt.
5. Figure, form, likeness, appearance (as an attribute of a thing). Now rare or Obs.
1500–20Dunbar Poems lxxvii. 35 The Bruce..Richt awfull, strang, and large of portratour, As nobill, dreidfull, michtie campioun. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 40 Not hir fyrst spous, for all his greit puissance, In portratour and game mycht be his peir. 1632Lithgow Trav. i. 30 That resplending Image thou seest, was made..for eternizing the memory of my portraiture, as I was aliue. 1797Mrs. Radcliffe Italian xxiii, Every abbess..came to her imagination in the portraiture of an inexorable jailer.
†b. concr. A material form, shape, or figure. Obs.
a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 233 Frome the waist wpe was tuo fair persouns witht all memberis and protratouris perteinand to tua bodyis. a1680Charnock Attrib. God (1834) II. 48 God..draws..from this indisposed chaos many excellent portraitures.
▪ II. ˈportraiture, v. Now rare or Obs.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To make a portraiture or portrait of, to portray (lit. and fig.).
1577–87Holinshed Chron. (1807–8) IV. 164 Upon the top..stood the armes of England, roiallie purtraitured with the proper beasts to uphold the same. 1601Deacon & Walker Answ. Darel 22 Intending..to portraiture in the person of Iob, an absolute patterne of perfect patience. 1651C. Cartwright Cert. Relig. i. 14 That the child be not pourtractured greater then the Nurse. 1711Shaftesbury Charac. (1737) I. 225 We..shall be contented to see him portraitur'd by the artist who serves to illustrate prodigys in fairs, and adorn heroick sign-posts. 1903G. R. Hall Hum. Evol. vii. 165 Men who were striving to portraiture a Christ who had not condemned wealth and the power of riches. |