| 释义 |
post-, prefix|pəʊst|
repr. L. post, adv. and prep., after, behind. In L., prefixed adverbially to verbs, as posthabēre to hold or esteem after, postpōnĕre to place after, postpone, postscrībĕre to write after; also to pples., vbl. ns., and other verbal derivatives, as postgenitus after-born, postpositus placed after, postscriptus written after, postveniens coming after, postparitor after-getter, heir. More rarely formed on the prep. and an object as, of time, postauctumnālis coming (post auctumnum) after autumn, post-autumnal; of place, postlīminium (a return) behind the threshold, postscænium (the space) behind the scenes. In English its use has received great extension, esp. in the prepositional relation, in which compounds are formed almost at will, not only on words from Latin, but also, in technical terms, from Greek, and sometimes even on English or other words, as post-breakfast, post-Easter, post-Elizabethan. These are often opposed to formations in ante- or pre-.
A. Words in which post- is adverbial or adjectival, qualifying the verb, verbal derivative, or other adj. or n. forming, or implied in, the second element. In compounds derived or formed from L., or on L. analogies, as post-date, -exist, -fix, -pone, -pose, -posit, -vene, -geniture, -jacent, script (q.v.); also in nonce-wds., sometimes formed after, and as the opposites to, words in ante- or pre- (exceptionally pro-).
1. Relating to time or order.
a. In adverbial relation: = After, afterwards, subsequently. (a) With verbs or pa. pples., or in nonce-wds. formed after verbs or pa. pples. in pre- (pro-): as post-determined (opp. to predetermined), post-disapproved; post-process vb.; post-stressed ppl. a.; also, in nonce-wds. formed after verbs or pa. pples. in ante-: as posticipated (opp. to anticipated). post-acˈcelerate v. trans. Electronics, to accelerate (an electron or electron beam) after it is deflected in a cathode-ray tube; so post-acˈcelerating ppl. a.; † postˈcribrate v. [see cribrate], to sift afterwards; postˈmultiply v., Math. to multiply by (or as) a postfactor (see b); post-ˈoccupied ppl. a. [after preoccupied], ? occupied with something past; post-ˈosmicate v. trans. Biol., to postfix with a solution of osmium tetroxide; † postˈplace v., to place after something else; post-preˈcipitate v. trans., to deposit by post-precipitation (see b); intr., to be so deposited; post-proˈduce v. trans., to subject (film) to post-production (see b). ˌpost-ˈprophesy v., to ‘prophesy after the event’; † ˌpostˈvide v. [after provide], to provide for an event after it has happened; to take precautions too late. See also postjudiced. (b) With adjectives, or forming the first element of adjectives: as postˈmutative [L. mūtāre to change], applied to languages in which words are inflected by means of affixes placed after the stem or radical part; † postˈparative (opp. to preparative: see quot.).
b. In quasi-adjectival relation to a n. (chiefly a verbal n. or noun of action) forming, or implied in, the second element: = Occurring or existing afterwards, coming after, subsequent, later: as post-acˈcession, post-act, post-ˈargument, post-ˈcontract, post-division, post-fruˈition, post-ˈissue, post-legitiˈmation, post-opeˈration, post-ˈpardon, post-ˈpenance, post-ˈprocessing, post-ˈsigner, post-ˈstressing, post-variˈation. Also in nonce-words formed after nouns in pre-, as ˌpost-ˈamble, ˌpostdestiˈnation (hence ˌpostdestiˈnarian), ˈpostface, ˈpostference, postˈfiction, ˌpostmoˈnition: see quots. Also post-acceleˈration Electronics, in a cathode-ray tube, acceleration of the electron beam after its deflection; also post-acˈcelerator; ˌpost-eˈternity, eternity in the future, everlasting future existence; postˈfactor, Math., the latter of two factors in non-commutative multiplication; post-ˈgenitive Gram., a possessive noun following the noun it qualifies; cf. post-possessive below; post-ˈheating vbl. n., the heating of metal after welding, in order to relieve stresses; † ˈpost-law, ? a law made subsequently to, and annulling, some obligation, an ex post facto law; ˈpost-ˌmarriage, marriage subsequent to cohabitation; postmultipliˈcation Math., multiplication by a postfactor; postosmiˈcation Biol., postfixation with a solution of osmium tetroxide; post-poˈssessive Gram., a possessive pronoun following the noun it qualifies; cf. post-genitive above; post-precipitation Chem., precipitation of a compound spontaneously following that of another for the same solution; post-ˈprocessor Computers (see quot. 1977); post-proˈduction, film-production effected after the completion of shooting.
1946Proc. IRE XXXIV. 433/2 The intensifier electrode or electrodes, sometimes called *post-accelerating electrodes, provide acceleration after deflection. 1971Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 397 Electrons may be deflected while they are of very small velocity, and they may be ‘post-accelerated’ later on to whatever speed is required. Ibid., The spot size should not be increased by the post-accelerating field.
1940Philips Technical Rev. V. 245 (heading) A cathode ray tube with *post-acceleration. Ibid. 249/1 The strength of the lens increases with increasing post-acceleration voltage. 1971Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 399 The best post-acceleration is effected by means of fine meshes.
1956Proc. IRE XLIV. 665/2 Conventional *post-accelerators, also called intensifiers, operate with conductive coatings of band or spiral shape, plated on the inside of the bulb. 1959Rider & Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes (ed. 2) i. 20/1 The beam..traverses the gap between the accelerator and post-accelerator areas.
1656Stanley Hist. Philos. viii. (1701) 340/1 His life is not happy, for Beatitude is a *post-accession thereto.
1851Burrill Law Dict. ii, *Post-act, an after-act; an act done afterwards. 1864in Webster; and in subsequent Dicts.
1593G. Harvey Pierce's Super. ***iv, He liked not ouer⁓long Preambles, or *Postambles to short Discourses.
1622T. Stoughton Chr. Sacrif. viii. 94 This being more then an adiunct, euen a *post argument..for confirmation of the maine argument.
a1610Parsons Leicester's Ghost (1641) 18 It chanced that I made a *post-contract, And did in sort the Lady Sheifield wed.
a1631Donne Lett. (1651) 308, I have cribrated,..re-cribrated, and *post-cribrated the Sermon.
1700C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 70 The Arminians..may be called..*post-destinarians for placing the eternal decree behind the race of man's life.
1656T. Pierce (title) Prædestination..defended against *Post⁓destination. 1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 160 The Doctor's Election is a Postdestination; for it then only makes men ordained to eternal life, when..they are possessed of it. 1700C. Nesse Antid. Armin. (1827) 51 To prefer time before eternity, and to set up a post-destination instead of a pre-destination.
1733Pope Let. to Swift in Courthope Life 260 It was laboured, corrected, pre-commended, and *post-disapproved so far as to be disowned by themselves.
1628Donne Serm. xxix. (1640) 287 The Schooles have made so many Divisions, and sub-divisions, and re-divisions, and *post-divisions of Ignorance.
a1631― Serm. vii. 71 Man hath not that, not eternity, but the Image of Eternity, that is Immortality, a *Post⁓eternity there is in the soule of Man. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. 44. a 1680 Charnock Attrib. God (1834) I. 367 The promise of eternal life is as ancient as God himself..as it hath an ante-eternity, so it hath a post⁓eternity.
1782(title) Paris in Miniature,..together with a Preface and *Postface by the English Limner. 1887Sat. Rev. 30 Apr. 624/2 The frank admission in both preface and postface that [he] found the Japanese syllabary too many for him. 1974Nature 20 Sept. 262/1 In the postface (this must be one of the few nearly Latin words invented in the twentieth century!), Eugene Skolnikoff outlines the increasing involvement..of MIT in the field of science and public policy.
1877Swinburne Let. 21 Apr. (1960) III. 326 To compare either with Shelley or Hugo for preference or *postference, is purely absurd.
1607Harington in Nugæ Ant. (1804) II. 139 As for the latter predictions or rather *postfictions (since the bishops death) I willingly omit, concerning the successors of this bishop.
1922E. Kruisinga Handbk. Present-Day Eng. (ed. 3) ii. i. 361 Nouns preceded by a definite article are not seldom used with a *post-genitive. 1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. ii. ii. 105 The only case where an English genitive may be said to follow its headword is when it is the principal part of an of-adjunct to a preceding noun... The construction is known as the post-genitive. I gave him an old raincoat of my brother's.
1938Times 4 Feb. 11/2 The *post-heating process greatly improves an already satisfactory weld by allowing the metal at the weld to recover its original structure after the severe treatment given by the welding operation. 1966C. R. Tottle Sci. Engin. Materials x. 224 Temperature gradients are reduced..in welding by preheating the parent metal or post-heating immediately after welding.
1922Joyce Ulysses 663 The anticipated diamond jubilee of Queen Victoria..and the *posticipated opening of the new municipal fish market.
1612Chapman Widdowes T. ii. i. Plays 1873 III. 31 Shee matching..with some yong Prodigall: what must ensue, but her *post-issue beggerd.
1663Short Surv. Grand Case Pres. Ministry 38 Oaths are sacred things, and *Post-laws are a ready Papacie to absolve them.
1780M. Madan Thelyphthora (1781) I. 35 The proposers and framers of such schemes of *post-legitimation, had been convinced, that the conjugal cohabitation..was a lawful marriage.
1785G. A. Bellamy Apology II. 46 That ridicule and contempt which custom has annexed to a *post-marriage (if I may so term it).
1938S. Beckett Murphy ix. 176 In the morning nothing remained of the dream but a *post⁓monition of calamity.
1862Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CLI. 312 Every matrix of the type n × n is equivalent (by *post-multiplication) to one, and only one, of the reduced matrices included in the formula (62.). 1968Fox & Mayers Computing Methods for Scientists & Engineers v. 100 For the general eigenvalue problem we can perform virtually the same operation, though with post-multiplication included to preserve similarity.
1862Phil. Trans. R. Soc. CLI. 312 These numbers will remain unchanged, when the given matrix is premultiplied by any unit-matrix, and *post-multiplied by any matrix whatsoever. 1939Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. XXIX. 302 After post-multiplying..by ê′ we get..[etc.]. 1978Nature 20 Apr. 740/1 We are told, as though it were surprising, that pre- and post-multiplying a matrix by the matrix of its eigenvectors produces a diagonal matrix.
1899R. C. Temple Th. Univ. Gram. 7 Languages are divisible into 1. pre-mutative, or those that prefix their affixes; 2. intro-mutative, or those that infix them; and 3. *post-mutative, or those that suffix them.
1876M. Collins Fr. Midn. to Midn. III. iv. 8 They were for the most part silent. Lord Arthur was pre-occupied; Vance was *post-occupied.
a1631Donne Serm. (ed. Alford) IV. 451 All my co-operation is but a *post-operation, a working by the power of that all-preventing Grace.
1965Jrnl. R. Microsc. Soc. LXXXIV. 129 Sucrose was first used with formaldehyde in fixation for electron microscopy by Holt and Hicks.., who *postosmicated the tissues that had been treated this way. 1971Nature 2 Apr. 334/2 Random pieces of grossly normal thyroid tissue..were diced.., fixed in 1·5% glutaraldehyde.., post-osmicated, dehydrated and embedded in ‘Araldite 502’.
1963Jrnl. Cell Biol. XVII. 54/2 The final dense product could be easily referable to fine structure in sections of material embedded without *postosmication.
1581Mulcaster Positions viii. (1887) 53 They that write of exercise, make three degrees in it, wherof they call the first a preparatiue,..the next simply by the name of exercise,..the third a *postparatiue.
1625Donne Serm. 3 Apr. 37 Euery Pardon, whether a *Post-pardon, by way of mercy, after a Lawe is broken, or a Præ-pardon, by way of Dispensation, in wisedome before a Lawe bee broken.
1599R. Linche Anc. Fict. G iv, I thought it fittest in this treatise to *postplace her.
1943Eng. Stud. XXV. 103 The construction called by..Curme ‘double genitive’, by Kruisinga ‘post genitive’, and, in the case of a pronoun (a friend of mine), ‘*post-possessive’. 1957R. W. Zandvoort Handbk. Eng. Gram. iii. ii. 140 The construction may be denoted as the post-possessive. a. I gave him an old raincoat of mine. He hated that pride of hers. b. It was no fault of theirs.
1936Kolthoff & Sandell Textbk. Quantitative Inorg. Analysis viii. 105 This second phase is therefore not coprecipitated but *postprecipitated. 1939A. I. Vogel Text-bk. Quantitative Inorg. Analysis i. 148 Zinc sulphide is slowly post-precipitated. 1960Belcher & Nutten Quantitative Inorg. Analysis (ed. 2) x. 61 Examples of precipitates which tend to post-precipitate are zinc sulphide on mercury sulphide, and magnesium oxalate on calcium oxalate.
1932I. M. Kolthoff in Jrnl. Physical Chem. XXXVI. 861 First of all, calcium oxalate precipitates and then on standing magnesium oxalate crystallizes out slowly. Therefore, we are not dealing here with a case of coprecipitation, but of *post-precipitation, the crystals of calcium oxalate being not at all or only slightly contaminated by magnesium. 1963G. Svehla tr. Erdey's Gravimetric Analysis i. iii. 183 Tin (IV) sulphide tends to carry down nickel, cobalt and iron ions from a hydrochloric acid containing solution by post-precipitation.
1977Sci. Amer. June 9/2 (Advt.), With the HP 5420A, you can *post-process measurement results using the four basic arithmetic functions.
1966C. J. Sippl Computer Dict. & Handbk. 278 The real-time system relieves the larger system of time consuming input and output functions as well as performing preprocessing and *postprocessing functions, such as validity editing and formatting for print.
1967Economist 12 Aug. 588/2 Molins, Ferranti and IBM have told the Ministry of Technology that they can jointly produce a *post-processor for the Molins machine within twelve months flat. 1977Gloss. Terms Data Processing (B.S.I.) vii. 2/1 Postprocessor, a computer program that effects some final computation or organization.
1976Broadcast 12 Jan. 1/1 Bring in your film and we'll *post-produce it on tape.
Ibid. 1/2 Spend a day on *post-production using time code computer editing. 1953K. Reisz Technique Film Editing i. 49 A post-production break-down of the finished sequence.
1859F. Francis N. Dogvane (1888) 298 None *post-prophesied their convictions that ‘this would be the end of it all’, more loudly than Mr. Tom Sharp.
1819Jefferson Autobiog. App., Wks. 1859 I. 121 These were the only *post-signers.
1953Archit. Rev. CXIII. 377/2 (caption) Auditorium spanned by *post-stressed beams. 1965Language XLI. 473 As many as five syllables occur prestressed, but only one syllable occurs post-stressed, except rarely when a postclitic follows a suffix.
1941Concrete & Constructional Engin. XXXVI. 93/1 Dr. Abeles suggests stretching the hard steel wires after hardening and setting, which he calls ‘*post-stressing’. 1976Offshore Engineer Mar. 26/3 The Kishorn structure departs from its smaller brothers by having a two-stage wall poststressing. The first stage will be stressed at the 15m high level, the remainder when the walls reach full height.
1650B. Discolliminium 45, I and my Friends shall be allowed the full benefit of all the variations, interpretations, reservations, *postvariations, tergiversations, excusations,..that I and my Mare can devise or possibly imagine.
a1661Fuller Worthies, Chester (1662) i. 188 When men instead of preventing, *postvide against dangers.
2. Of local position.
a. In advb. relation to a vbl. adj. forming the second element: = Behind, posteriorly: as postjacent; also postcoˈmmunicant, communicating behind; p. artery, the posterior communicating artery (Wilder).
b. In adjectival relation to a n. forming or implied in the second element: = Hinder, situated at the back, posterior: chiefly in terms of Anatomy and Zoology, as postabdomen, etc.; postˈchoroid, posterior choroid (artery) (Wilder); posthippoˈcampal, of or belonging to the posterior hippocampus, as in posthippocampal fissure; postscaˈlene, posterior scalene (muscle of the neck) (Cent. Dict. cites Coues); also post-ˈtuberance nonce-wd. [after protuberance], a posterior protuberance.
1868Owen Anat. Vert. III. 135 The most..important of these [fissures] in Man, has..received the name of ‘posthippocampal’. 1825Q. Rev. XXXI. 466 Their beauty is proverbial in Africa, particularly for that..quality of being singularly gifted with the Hottentot post-tuberance.
B. Compounds in which post- is prepositional, the object being the noun forming, or implied in, the second element.
1. Relating to time or order: = After, subsequent to, following, succeeding, later than.
a. With substantives, forming adjectives (or attributive phrases), often more or less nonce-wds., and of obvious meaning; as post-Ascension, post-attack, post-bop, post-breakfast, post-Christmas, post-coition, post-college, post-contact, post-crash, post-creole, post-Easter, post-election, post-erosion, post-experience, post-flu, post-game, post-harvest, post-holiday, post-Incarnation, post-independence, post-injury, post-language, post-lunch, post-luncheon, post-menopause (also as n.), post-midnight, post-Mutiny, post-operation (also as adv.), post-ordination, post-orgasm, post-ovulation, post-publication, post-Reformation, post-Renaissance, post-Restoration, post-resurrection, post-Revolution, post-school, post-seizure, post-Sputnik (also as adv.), post-surrealist, post-symbolist, post-Union, post-Watergate, post-World War II, etc.; see also post-mortem, post-obit.
b. With adjs., or formed from post + a L. or Gr. n. with an adjectival ending. Many of these are self-explaining, esp. those formed from personal names, as post-Adamic, post-Alexandrine, post-Aristotelian, post-Cartesian (see Cartesian), post-Chomskyan, post-Coleridgian, post-Constantinian, post-Darwinian, post-Davidic, post-Elizabethan, post-Hegelian, post-Hesiodic, post-Homeric, post-Humian, post-Jamesian, post-Kantian, post-Keynesian, post-Marxist, post-Mosaic, post-Nietzschean, post-Pauline, post-Petrine, post-Saussurean, post-Socratic, post-Solomonic, post-Wagnerian, etc. So in geology, from the names of formations or periods, as post-Cambrian, post-cretacean. Also terms of pathology, indicating conditions or symptoms following an attack of disease, as post-apoplectic, post-diphtheritic, post-epileptic, post-herpetic, post-influenzal, post-paralytic, post-paroxysmal, post-scarlatinal, post-syphilitic, post-typhoid (see also those defined below); and many others of obvious meaning, as post-adolescent, post-anæsthetic, post-analytic(al), post-atomic, post-baptismal, post-biblical, post-canonical, post-capitalist, post-climacteric, post-cognitive, post-coital, post-collegiate, post-colonial, post-conciliar, post-conditional, post-encephalitic, post-eruptive, post-experimental, post-feudal, post-industrial, post-junctural, post-marital, post-mediæval, post-menopausal, post-observational, post-orgasmic, post-pagan, post-pausal, post-pentecostal, post-priestly, post-prophetic, post-rebellionary, post-resurrectional, post-revolutionary, post-romantic, post-talmudical, post-teenage; adjs. formed as in senses 1 a and b above are occas. used ellipt. as ns.; such adjs. may also have adverbial forms, as post-coitally, post-maritally.
Also postaˈbortal Med., occurring or performed after an abortion; postaˈbortion (also as adv.) Med., (occurring or performed) after an abortion; post-aˈbortum (also as adv.) Med. [L. abortus abortion] = prec.; post-abˈsorptive Med., occurring after food has been absorbed into the body; post-apoˈstolic, -ical, subsequent to the apostles, later than the apostolic age; post-ˈcenal (-cæn-, -cœn-) [L. cēna, erron. cæna, cœna, dinner], after-dinner; post-choˈreic, Path., following an attack of chorea or ‘St. Vitus's dance’; post-coˈmitial (see quot.); post-coˈnnubial, occurring after marriage: = postnuptial; post-ˈconquest, applied to periods after a conquest, spec. (with capital), after the Norman Conquest; post-conˈquestal, founded after the Norman Conquest; post-conˈquestual, -Conquestual, after the Norman Conquest; post-consoˈnantal, -consoˈnantic, after a consonant; hence post-consoˈnantally adv.; post-conˈvulsive Path., subsequent to a convulsion; post-ˈcosmic [Gr. κόσµος world], subsequent to the present world; = postmundane; postˈcyclic, -ical, occurring or operating after the termination of a cycle or cycles (esp. in Transformational Gram.); hence postˈcyclically adv.; post-deˈflection Electronics, pertaining to or being acceleration of an electron beam after its deflection in a cathode-ray tube; post-depositional Geol., occurring after the deposition of sediment; post-diaˈstolic, Physiol., following the diastole or dilatation of the heart in beating; post-diˈcrotic, following the dicrotic wave of the pulse; post-disˈruption, subsequent to the disruption of the Ch. of Scotland and formation of the Free Ch. in 1843; post-ˈembryonal, post-embryˈonic, subsequent to the embryonic stage of life or growth; post-eˈmergence, occurring, performed, or applied after the emergence of seedlings from the soil; also absol.; post-ˈfebrile, Path., occurring after an attack of fever; post-hemiˈplegic, Path., following an attack of hemiplegia or paralysis of one side; post-hypˈnotic (see quot. 1903); post-ˈictal Med., subsequent to a stroke or fit, esp. an epileptic fit; hence post-ˈictally adv.; post-inˈfectious, subsequent to an infection; esp. caused by an infection but arising after it has ceased; Post-lapˈsarian, Theol. = Infralapsarian or Sublapsarian; also gen. (with lower case initial), after the Fall of Man; postˈliteral, following a letter of the alphabet; post-meiˈotic Cytology, occurring subsequent to meiosis; post-meˈnarchal, -meˈnarcheal Med., of, pertaining to, or designating a girl who has menstruated; post-metaˈmorphic Geol., occurring or existing after metamorphism; post-ˈmineral, occurring after the formation of a mineral deposit; post-ˈmortuary, occurring, or relating to what may occur, after (some one's) death; post-mortem; post-ˈmundane [L. mundus world], subsequent to this present world; postneoˈnatal Med., pertaining to or designating the period between the end of the neonatal period, four weeks after birth, and the end of the first year of life; post-neuˈritic, Path., following an attack of neuritis; post-Niˈcene a., Ch. Hist., subsequent in date to the first Nicene Council (a.d. 325); also as n. a Post-Nicene writer; post-ˈnominal, following a substantive or a proper name; also ellipt. as n.; post-ˈovulative, -ovuˈlatory Med., subsequent to ovulation; post-ˈpainterly Art [cf. painterly a.], of or characterized by a style of abstract painting that employs traditional qualities of colour, form, and texture; post-parˈturient, Path. [cf. parturient 3], occurring after parturition; post-ˈpuberal = next; post-ˈpubertal, subsequent to puberty; post-ˈpuberty a. = prec.; post-Puˈranic, subsequent to or later than the date of the Puranas; postˈradical Philol. following a root or root-word; also as n., a postradical element or word; post-ˈRaphaelite a., applied to schools of painting subsequent to the time of Raphael (died 1520): cf. Pre-Raphaelite; post-reˈmote, more remote in subsequent time or order: see pre-remote, pre- B. i; post-reproˈductive, occurring after the period of life when a female can bear offspring; post-ˈRoman, subsequent to the Roman period; post-sysˈtolic, following the systole of the heart; post-tecˈtonic Geol., occurring or existing after tectonic activity; post-ˈtemporary nonce-wd. [after contemporary], later than the time of the actual events; subsequent in date; post-ˈtonic [see tonic], following the accented syllable; post-trauˈmatic, Path. [Gr. τραῦµα wound], occurring after a wound; post-triˈdentine [see Tridentine], subsequent to the Council of Trent; post-ˈtussic [irreg. f. L. tussis cough: see -ic], occurring after a cough; post-ˈvaccinal, occurring after vaccination; post-ˈvarioloid, Path., ? occurring after a varioloid eruption; post-Vedic |-ˈveɪdɪk|, subsequent to or later than the Rig-Veda; post-ˈverbal, following a verb; hence postˈverbally adv.; postvoˈcalic Philol., following a vowel; hence postvoˈcalically adv. See also post-diluvial, -exilian, -glacial, -graduate, -natal, -prandial, etc. c. Rarely with ns., forming ns., as postcreation; post-ˈarticle Gram., one of a set of words that can follow an article in a noun phrase; post-climax Ecol. [climax n. 4 b], the point in a plant succession at which development has continued beyond the balanced state of climax; † ˈpost-noon Obs., afternoon; post-fine, post term, etc. d. Adjs. of the type in sense B. 1 a above are sometimes used adverbially (cf. post prep. 6), as postabortion, -abortum, -operation, -Sputnik above, postflight adv.
1910Surg., Gynecol. & Obstetr. July 55/1 Each case of post-partum or *post-abortal infection must be studied individually. 1973I. M. Cushner et al. in H. J. & J. D. Osofsky Abortion Experience vi. 147 This newer approach toward postabortal laparascopic sterilization..may very well lead to further reduction in the need for major surgical procedures in abortion.
1963Amer. Jrnl. Psychiatry CXIX. 982/2 No known attempts to document statistically the incidence of *post-abortion psychiatric illness have been found in American medical literature. 1973E. C. Payne et al. in H. J. & J. D. Osofsky Abortion Experience xii. 272 In the first reported prospective study..a single postabortion interview took place during a period of 3 to 6 months after the procedure. In even more recent studies, women have been interviewed at a relatively specific time postabortion.
1910F. J. Taussig Prevention & Treatm. Abortion vi. 44 There was no fever or odor to the discharge, so that the diagnosis was clearly endometritis *post-abortum due to decidual remnants. 1950Proc. Soc. Study Fertility I. 26 (heading) The re-establishment of ovulation, post-partum and post-abortum. 1972Biol. Abstr. LIII. 5727/2 The results of treatment of 2 groups of patients with post abortum acute insufficiency of the kidneys are discussed.
1919Proc. R. Soc. B. XCI. 45 The energy expenditure during sleep may be assumed..to be only slightly smaller than that during complete muscular rest in the *post-absorptive condition, i.e., 12–14 hours after the last meal. 1972New England Jrnl. Med. 5 Oct. 678/1 Recordings were made in the postabsorptive state between 9:30 a.m. and noon.
1877Dawson Orig. World vi. 136 The geologist finds no trace of *post-Adamic creation.
1936Jrnl. Pediatrics VIII. 52 The change from the straight, boyish figure of the preadolescent girl to the more rounded, mature figure of the *postadolescent girl. 1977New Yorker 29 Aug. 19/2 The new false post-adolescent authority that needs to be blown away by somebody.
1901E. L. Hicks Man. Grk. Hist. Inscript. (ed. 2) Pref., An indifference to *post-Alexandrine studies too common amongst British scholars.
1910Practitioner Feb. 253 The *post-anaesthetic condition. Ibid. Mar. 361 Ether..rarely causes post-anaesthetic vomiting. 1965J. Pollitt Depression & its Treatm. vi. 80 Patients should be carefully questioned about this to avoid the risk of post-anaesthetic vomiting.
1934Mind XLIII. 136 [A sense of ‘theory of knowledge’] is essentially a ‘*post-analytic’ evaluation, not a description, of knowledge.
1927J. Loewemberg in Jrnl. Philos. XXIV. 5 Designating by ‘pre-analytical’, whatever is given for analysis, and by ‘*post-analytical’, whatever is given through analysis, we wish to ascertain whether there is any possibility of assimilating to one another these two classes of data.
1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 212 note, Showing a *post-Apostolic date.
1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. I. 493 Immediately after the *post-apostolical age.
1934Webster, *Post-Aristotelian. 1936J. R. Kantor Objective Psychol. Gram. viii. 100 The post-Aristotelian subjectivists divided the individual into soul and body. 1957C. Vereker Devel. Polit. Theory i. 40 This doctrine of equality, the emergence of which is sometimes held to be the distinguishing mark of post-Aristotelian social thought.
1965N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax ii. 107 Det→(pre-Article{ovparen}of) Article (*post-Article). 1971Post-article [see non-lexical s.v. non- 3].
1895J. Kidd Morality & Relig. viii. 324 The *post-ascension activity of Christ.
1905H. D. Rolleston Dis. Liver 226 The patient..passes into what may be spoken of as a *post⁓ascitic stage.
1948Britannica Bk. of Year (U.S.) 805/2 *Post-atom(ic), subsequent to the dropping of the atomic bomb. 1954A. Huxley in Encounter Feb. 5/2 This..[temple] will be standing in the Western desert, an object, to the neo-Neolithic savages, of post-atomic times, of uncomprehending reverence and superstitious alarm. 1956Auden & Kallman Magic Flute (1957) 58 The form of suite For piano in a Post-Atomic Age.
1961Washington Post 1 June 24 The speaker suggested that the desolation of a *post-attack world would be too awful to face. 1964Dentler & Cutright in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 424 Our discussion of the effects of a nuclear attack on the population makes it clear that the composition of the postattack population would be so different from that of today's population that this factor alone would make for differences in the postattack society. 1976Sci. Amer. Nov. 33/3 In the immediate postattack period the fallout levels could vary greatly from one place to another.
1840G. S. Faber Prim. Doctr. Regen. iv. ii. 333 With respect to *postbaptismal declarations. 1882Farrar Early Chr. I. 335 The ruthless dogma that there is no forgiveness for post-baptismal sin.
1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2184 The first *post-biblical author to mention Simon is Hegesippus.
1955Keepnews & Grauer Pict. Hist. Jazz xix. 250 A young star who came along in the *post-bop 1950s. 1977Rolling Stone 5 May 24/2 Today his style is the antithesis of classic post-bop horn players like Coltrane.
1791Cowper Let. to J. Newton 22 July, All my *post-breakfast time must be given to poetry.
1879J. Jacobs in 19th Cent. Sept. 490 The analogous..Triune Deity of *post-Buddhistic Brahmanism.
1875J. Croll Climate & T. xx. 345 The longer we suppose the pre-Cambrian periods to have been, the shorter must we suppose the *post-Cambrian to be.
1899J. Stalker Christology of Jesus i. 35 The forms in which the words of Jesus appear in the earliest *postcanonical literature.
1964I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 81 His critique of America could only be relevant and fruitful if it was made..with the projected hopes and ideals of a *post-capitalist era. 1976N. O'Sullivan Conservatism v. 122 The contemporary discussion about the nature of ‘post-capitalist’ (or ‘post-industrial’) society.
1874Mivart in Contemp. Rev. Oct. 782 If *post⁓cartesian philosophy has been so wanting in positive results. 1931Times Lit. Suppl. 10 Sept. 674/2 A particularly satisfying classification of the great seminal post-Cartesian theories of knowledge. 1963Ibid. 1 Mar. 150/1 The general context of post-Cartesian thought.
1848G. F. Ruxton in Blackw. Mag. LXIV. 430 Augustin..was enjoying a *post-coenal smoke. 1871M. Collins Mrq. & Merch. II. ii. 48 In the course of their post-cænal talk. 1922Joyce Ulysses 720 A temporary concussion caused by a falsely calculated movement in the course of a postcenal gymnastic display.
1970Jrnl. Linguistics VI. 130 With a side glance at some *post-Chomskyan developments. 1975Amer. Speech 1973 XLVIII. 154 According to the post-Chomskyan revisionist Charles J. Fillmore, however, ‘there are reasons for questioning the deep-structure validity of the traditional division between subject and predicate’.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 854 *Post-choreic paralysis is sometimes well-marked.
1959Encounter Feb. 74/2 All these books are written with a light touch: just the thing for *post-Christmas hang-overs. 1961Wall St. Jrnl. 23 Jan. 2/2 Steel's post-Christmas production recovery is running out of steam. 1977Times 21 Dec. 17/8 The post-Christmas clearance sale.
1897A. D. L. Napier Menopause iv. 100 Of 500 *post-climacteric cases, 36·5 per cent. had a return of hæmorrhage after the menopause had been established a year or more. 1973E. A. Moscovic tr. J. Botella-Llusiá's Endocrinol. of Woman xvii. 364/2 The classic concept held that in postmenopausal woman estrogenic activity had been wiped out completely by the time woman entered the postclimacteric phase.
1916F. E. Clements Plant Succession vi. 110 If a change of climate results in increased water-content..the sere..continues the development by replacing the climax and it may be termed the *post-climax. 1928Jrnl. Ecol. XVI. 26 Any well shaded ravine is occupied by Picea albertiana Stew. Br. which may be looked upon as a post-climax. 1964V. J. Chapman Coastal Vegetation ix. 215 One must regard the Plantaginatum maritimi as either a post-climax or more properly as a..deflected climax.
1949Mind LVIII. 220 A tendency to ‘spatio-temporal scatter’ is characteristic of paranormal cognition, the displacement manifesting itself as ‘*postcognitive’ or ‘precognitive’ telepathy. 1974Listener 3 Jan. 22/3 If I make a ‘correct’ guess before the target has appeared..that's a pre-cognitive hit; if I get it right but several shots in arrears, that's post-cognitive.
1922C. G. Child Sterility & Conception viii. 68 (heading) *Postcoital tests for sterility. 1947E. Hyams William Medium 34 Smoking a post-coital cigarette. 1975B. Garfield Hopscotch ii. 26 ‘I'm distressed to see you so lackluster, old friend.’ ‘It's only post-coital tristesse.’
1968M. R. Cohen in J. J. Gold Textbk. Gynecol. Endocrinol. xxv. 546 Ovulation timing..disclosed good mucorrhea at midcycle with excellent longevity of spermatozoa *postcoitally. 1977S. Schoenbaum W. Shakespeare (rev. ed.) vii. 85 A shotgun wedding boomed for the post-coitally chastened Will.
1953N. Tinbergen Herring Gull's World xiii. 109 There is no *post-coition display.
1893‘Mark Twain’ in Century Mag. Dec. 235/1 He..had finished a *post-college course in an Eastern law school. 1973Jrnl. Genetic Psychol. June 183 The relevance of undergraduate courses for meeting the demands of postcollege life.
1960Encounter Nov. 26 A face-to-face group—the *post-collegiate fraternity of the small suburbs.
1934Webster, *Post-colonial. 1959Daily Tel. 12 Dec. 6/2 It was probably inevitable that India, in the full flush of post-colonial sensitivity, should fear that association with the America of that period might involve her unnecessarily in troubles which were little to do with Asia. 1969Times (Uganda Suppl.) 15 Sept. p. i/5 Behind the imposing physical presence is a mind that has been described as one of the shrewdest in post-colonial Africa. 1974‘G. Black’ Golden Cockatrice iii. 57 If there's one thing worse than..rampant colonialism..it's post-colonial dictatorship.
1833Alison Hist. Europe (1849) III. xvii. 505 After every session they [the Polish electors] held what were called *post-comitial diets, the object of which was to bring him to account for the vote he had given on every occasion.
1968Times 24 Feb. 9/5 The *post-conciliar attitude seems to draw attention..to the value of personal and social relationships. 1976Times 9 Aug. 11/1 The post-conciliar church polishes characteristically pre-conciliar weapons.
1939Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) ii. 270 All them fine clauses in Lindley's and Murrey's never braught the participle of a present to a desponent hortatrixy,..from her *postconditional future.
1780Bentham Princ. Legisl. xviii. §39 note, By the terms connubial and *post-connubial all I mean..is the mere physical union. 1895in Syd. Soc. Lex.
1922E. Ekwall Place-Names Lancs. 1 The county of Lancaster developed out of the *post-Conquest honour of Roger of Poitou. 1940Burlington Mag. Aug. 56 Peruvian post-conquest tapestry work. 1959E. A. Fisher Introd. Anglo-Saxon Archit. & Sculpture 94 Such post-Conquest Anglo-Saxon influence on art is outside the scope of this book. 1976Jrnl. Medieval Hist. II. 1/1 The balance between French and English in post-Conquest England is still being discussed.
1880Sat. Rev. 3 Apr. 439/2 Cities are the seats of *post-conquestal bishoprics.
1920Contemp. Rev. Dec. 898 The manuscript is *post-conquestual. 1924Ibid. Nov. 673 Welsh life in post-Conquestual days.
1934Priebsch & Collinson German Lang. ii. i. 93 The position in the word (initial, *post-consonantal, inter-vocalic). 1964Y. Malkiel in Archivum Linguisticum XVI. 27 World-medial, postconsonantal cl-.
1953K. H. Jackson Lang. & Hist. Early Brit. 470 (heading) IE. gu̯. This became b in CC. initially except before u..; intervocally and preconsonantally, g; *post-consonantally, b.
1969Word XXV. 25 Tana-dg-usim had-a-n ‘towards the village’, had-a-n ‘towards it or him,’ the -a- being a *postconsonantic variant of the post-vocalic -·.
1901Lanciani in Athenæum 27 July 132/1 In other baptisteries of the *post-Constantinian age.
1934Webster, *Post-contact adj. 1946Nature 30 Nov. 769/2 Each article presents chronologically..the data available from earliest times onwards through four hundred years of contact with White civilization{ddd}post-contact change and the absorption of the tribes into European civilization are revealed and traced in as much detail as possible.
1907W. A. Turner Epilepsy vi. 129 A third epileptic, whose *post-convulsive symptoms were mainly of the nature of cataleptic rigidity and dementia. 1974E. Niedermeyer Compendium of Epilepsies xi. 187 A post-convulsive sleep may ensue for a few hours.
1891Riddles of Sphinx 435 The *post-cosmic condition and end of the world-process.
1966Economist 24 Dec. 1329/3 An effort to prevent *post-crash injuries by fire. 1977Hongkong Standard 12 Apr. 9/3 The prevention and control of both in-flight and postcrash fuel system fires and explosions.
1922Joyce Ulysses 385 In woman's womb word is made flesh but in the spirit of the maker all flesh that passes becomes the word that shall not pass away. This is the *postcreation.
1968D. Decamp in Lat. Amer. Research Rev. III. 38 If any term is needed to distinguish the situation in Jamaica from that in Surinam and Haiti, then I suggest that we call Jamaica a *post-creole community. 1977Language LIII. 330 Speakers in a post-creole community are triply pressured: to avoid the basilect, to acquire the acrolect, and to vary the mesolect.
1880Günther Fishes 21 Living and *post-cretacean forms.
1967J. Ross in To Honor Roman Jakobson III. 1672 If it cannot apply before the cycle, it must either apply in the cycle or after all cyclic rules have been applied—rules of this last type are called *post-cyclic. Ibid. 1677 It is only if pronominalization is formulated as a post-cyclic rule that some constraint on forward pronominalization becomes necessary. 1971J. W. Bresnan in Language XLVII. 276 One might think of ordering the NSR after the entire transformational cycle but before the postcyclic transformations. 1976Archivum Linguisticum VII. 138 This obviously, would call for..an explicit formulation of the concept of ‘transformation’ one uses, that is whether one believes in prelexical, cyclic, precyclic, and postcyclic transformations.
1972Language XLVIII. 310 Primary stress assignment must precede *postcyclical transformations. 1972Ibid. 301 It is preferable for a rule to apply postcyclically rather than cyclically.
1899T. Veblen Theory of Leisure Class xi. 288 The ostensibly *post-Darwinian concept of a meliorative trend in the process of evolution. 1939Mind XLVIII. 528 In continuity with his previous books, Dewey is anxious to be a post-Darwinian Mill developing ‘the science of evidence’ in close connection with all the sciences. 1972S. Hynes Edwardian Occasions 7 Much important Edwardian literature implies..a post-Darwinian, post-Hegelian way of looking at the linear shape of time.
1890J. Martineau Seat Authority in Relig. ii. i. 138 The *post-decretal unity seems indisputable.
1943F. E. Terman Radio Engineers' Handbk. iv. 342 In the *post-deflection arrangement the beam is deflected at low velocity. 1950Electronic Engin. XXII. 461/1 Two main advantages..in the use of commercially available post deflexion accelerator (p.d.a.) cathode-ray tubes..are: (i) The attainment of higher screen brightness..and (ii) The problem of insulation in the glass pinch and the base are eased. 1959Rider & Uslan Encycl. Cathode-Ray Oscilloscopes (ed. 2) i. 18/1 These post-deflection accelerating anodes are rings or wide bands of electrically conductive material painted on the inside surface of the envelope. 1971Klemperer & Barnett Electron Optics (ed. 3) x. 398 Post-deflexion acceleration..appears to offer the means to increase the sensitivity.
1949F. J. Pettijohn Sedimentary Rocks i. 7 Diastrophism plays the dominant role in controlling the production and deposition of a sediment—and to some extent its *post-depositional history, also. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. xiii. 206/2 Post-depositional alteration is indicated by large chlorite plates that are discordant in relation to the foliation in schist pebbles.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Post-diastolic.
Ibid., *Post-dicrotic wave, a secondary recoil wave some⁓times present, following on the Dicrotic wave of the pulse.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 859 *Post-diphtheritic anæsthesia tends to disappear..in the course of five or six weeks.
1889N. Kerr Inebriety viii. (ed. 2) 138 Though the offspring of the paternal pre-disease period showed no tendency of the kind, the paternal *post-disease child or children could only with constant supervision be kept from strong drink as soon as they began to crawl.
1906Daily Chron. 16 Oct. 3/3 The men and women this preacher-poet knew in his pews in the old *post-disruption years.
1864B. Lumley Remin. Opera 35 Less relished than the *post-Easter entertainment.
1962‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed i. 9 His opinion would be the first *post-election one I would hear. 1976New Yorker 15 Nov. 204/2 Post-election surveys show that almost ninety per cent of the Republicans who voted backed the ticket.
1883Harper's Mag. Jan. 304/2 This most delightful of the *post-Elizabethan poets.
1893Tuckey tr. Hatschek's Amphioxus 151 The perforation..falls under the *post⁓embryonal period of development.
1895Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 154 *Post-embryonic development, or change of form of this kind, is called metamorphosis.
1940Phytopathology XXX. 334 Experience over a period of years with various chemical methods of damping-off control has emphasized the need for some soil disinfectant that will control both pre- and *post-emergence damping-off. 1955Sci. News Let. 2 July 10/3 There are three prescribed methods for fighting the weed war. They are known as pre-planting, pre-emergence and post-emergence. Pre-planting treatment is made on the soil before any seed is planted in the ground. Pre-emergence control is done after seeds have been sown, but before a desired plant pushes up through the ground. Post-emergence is designed to kill undesirable plants that exist in areas where plants are already growing. 1962Times 12 Nov. 17/4 Another avenue of research which is leading to useful results is that involving pre-emergence spraying of cereal crops instead of the traditional post-emergence method. 1977Protecting World's Crops (Shell Internat. Petroleum Co.) 8 Crop herbicides are often divided into pre-plant, pre-emergence and post-emergence products.
1928E. F. Buzzard in H. French Index Differential Diagnosis Main Symptoms (ed. 4) 880 The tremor in *post-encephalitic Parkinsonism closely resembles that of paralysis agitans. 1932W. Boyd Textbk. Path. xxx. 812 Other postencephalitic conditions..are narcolepsy and oculogyric crises. 1961Lancet 23 Sept. 683/2 Since then, she has had postencephalitic epilepsy. 1971G. W. Voeller in G. Birdwood et al. Parkinson's Dis. iii. 50 Fifteen years ago the post-encephalitic forms [of Parkinsonism] were predominant.., today, the idiopathic or arteriosclerotic forms predominate.
1875J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic Asylum Med. Rep. V. 111 The automatism in these cases is not, I think, ever epileptic, but always *post-epileptic. 1903Myers Human Personality I. 316 As the popular phrase is, the post⁓epileptic patient ‘was not himself’. 1905Daily Chron. 3 June 6/3 In a post-epileptic state, unconscious of her acts—a sleep-walking condition. 1954L. Fairfield Epilepsy i. 13 In some cases the post-epileptic deep sleep or ‘coma’, lasts an hour or more.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 333 Observed in *post-epileptiform paralysis.
1894Geol. Mag. Oct. 449 It appears that there has been a *post⁓erosion subsidence to an amount from 8,000 to 12,000 feet, carrying down the Antillean plains to form the present sea-basins.
1936Discovery May 148 (heading) *Post-eruptive movements of the earth's crust. 1946Nature 19 Oct. 560/1 Some powerful beneficial influence had been at work during the post-eruptive as well as the developmental period.
1964Economist 31 Oct. 502/1 The needs of the ‘*post-experience’ students and..immediate postgraduates. 1977P. Strevens New Orientations Teaching Eng. viii. 90 In all types of occupational ESP a distinction emerges between pre-experience and post-experience courses.
1970Jrnl. Gen. Psychol. Apr. 253 All Ss were asked in a *post-experimental questionnaire to indicate the two words they thought earned them points.
1874Bucknill & Tuke Psych. Med. (ed. 3) 376 A prolongation of the delirium when the fever has subsided,..intended by the term ‘*Post-Febrile Insanity’. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 149 The diagnosis of scarlet fever in the post-febrile stage.
1949Koestler Promise & Fulfilment i. iii. 29 We are always apt to forget that nationalism is a product of a relatively recent, *post-feudal European development. 1970R. Stavenhagen in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. vii. 267 The Spanish Conquest was..part of the political and economic expansion in post-feudal and mercantalistic Europe.
1918A. Huxley Let. 25 Nov. (1969) 171 The whiskey bottle seems the only refuge from that *post-flu depression. 1971P. D. James Shroud for Nightingale v. 163 She had post-flu depression and she felt she couldn't cope with the baby.
1966Jrnl. Canad. Operational Res. Soc. 114 Analysis, *post game, use of data generated during a game or series of games to derive conclusions about the problems to which play was directed. 1976Springfield (Mass.) Daily News 22 Apr. 39/1 When his club gets beaten 7–1 he is a post game press conference no-show.
1962Times 20 Mar. 3/2 The study of *post-harvest physiological changes in pasture plants. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 25 Dec. 1/4 Last week the FAO council called for ‘prompt action..on reducing post-harvest losses’.
1909W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 184 Royce makes by far the manliest of the *post-hegelian attempts to read some empirically apprehensible content into the notion of our relation to the absolute mind. 1964P. Meadows in I. L. Horowitz New Sociol. 446 The Hegelians and the post-Hegelians (of either idealistic or materialistic breed). 1972Post-Hegelian [see post-Darwinian].
1897Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. IX. 158 An undoubted example of *post⁓hemiplegic tremor.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 887 Sciatica, *post-herpetic and other neuralgias.
1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 5 Jan. 16/1 A *post-holiday lull prevailed at most markets. 1976H. Ferguson Confessions Long Distance Acid Head 52 Gordon..had brought back the usual amount of cigarettes and liquor, and another rare gift—the post-holiday feeling of exuberance.
1810C. Lamb Lett. (1935) II. 97, I should suspect these personifications are the Translator's. They sound *post-Homeric. 1846Grote Greece i. xviii. II. 17 The Post-Homeric legends are adapted to a population classified quite differently. 1959Encounter July 46/1 This is the element of allegory or symbolism which so many post-homeric writers have found in the Lotus Eaters.
1909W. James Pluralistic Universe v. 210 This being our *post-humian and post-kantian state of mind, I will ask your permission to leave the soul wholly out of the present discussion. 1961Encounter Jan. 16 The Humian and post-Humian side.
1890Q. Rev. July 255 Even *posthypnotic suggestion..was known. 1903Myers Human Personality I. Gloss., Post-hypnotic. Used of a suggestion given during the hypnotic trance, but intended to operate after that trance has ceased.
1941Penfield & Erickson Epilepsy & Cerebral Localization (1942) ii. 19 The state in which an individual is deprived of, or released from conscious control, is called automatism. If it occurs following a seizure it may be called *post-ictal automatism. 1961Lancet 29 July 242/2, 36 hours later..the e.e.g. showed no seizure activity, but there was general post-ictal disorganisation. 1972M. Crichton Terminal Man iv. xi. 186 He's in a post-seizure state—post-ictal, we call it.
1959Brain LXXXII. 152 *Post-ictally the activity of the focus was very much reduced. 1975Electroencephalogr. & Clin. Neurophysiol. XXXVIII. 601/2 Motor activity was observed to increase postictally concomitantly with the increase in EEG frequency and amplitude.
1961Middle East Jrnl. Winter 3 The people were still experiencing *post-independence let-down and suffering the after effects of poor harvests in 1957. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Feb. 164/2 The post-independence state is even more centralized than the colonial one.
1947Partisan Rev. XIV. 230 Industrial organization and the *postindustrial state are here to stay. 1977Times 21 Feb. 11/4 We are already laying the foundation for the post-industrial future.
1928Trans. Chicago Path. Soc. XIII. 15 (heading) The pathology of *post-infectious acute toxic encephalitis in children. 1946A. B. Christie Infectious Dis. xiii. 108 Encephalitis of the so-called post-infectious type occasionally occurs after chicken-pox. 1974S. L. Robbins Path. Basis Dis. xxxii. 1532/1 Injection of brain tissue and adjuvants..can set up a reaction in the central nervous system of experimental animals, which has a marked resemblance to post-infectious encephalomyelitis.
1898Allbutt's Syst. Med. V. 294 A result of the *post-influenzal exhaustion of the nervous centres.
1951*Postinjury [see Kümmell's disease]. 1976National Observer (U.S.) 3 July 12/6 Whenever you injure a joint..there is a possibility of a permanent residual stiffness or postinjury arthritis.
1960J. Bayley Characters of Love iv. 258 Both D. H. Lawrence and E. M. Forster use them [sc. symbolic patterns] in a discernibly *post-Jamesian manner.
1959E. P. Hamp in Studia Linguistica XIII. 34 Those *post-junctural syllabics which did not themselves bear a primary. 1964Eng. Stud. XLV. 385 Postjunctural prevocalic /š/ began to be distributionally a spirant.
1843Mill Logic I. i. iii. 79 His philosophical views are generally those of the *post-Kantian movement, represented by Schelling and Hegel. 1900Pilot 3 Nov. 549/2 The constructive a priori post-Kantian philosophy of the great German speculative thinkers of eighty years ago. 1946Nature 7 Sept. 322/2 James Marsh..did much to acclimatize Kantian and post-Kantian philosophy in the United States. 1977L. Houlden in J. Hick Myth of God Incarnate vi. 128 There is a strong element of post-Kantian consciousness in distinguishing the two approaches at all.
1960New Left Rev. May—June 5/1 The more sophisticated elaboration of *post-Keynesian evolutionary theory. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 18 July 811/3 Post-Keynesians who instinctively treat saving and investment as different activities. 1977Dædalus Fall 61 Post-Keynesian and econometric studies in economics.
1946C. Morris Signs, Lang. & Behavior ii. 47 The latter [sc. proprioceptive stimuli] are..not themselves language signs; since they are substitute signs synonymous with language signs they are properly called *post-language symbols.
1733Neal Hist. Purit. II. 325 The high mysteries of..Ante- and *Post-Lapsarian doctrines. 1950Eng. Stud. XXXI. 63 What would the corrupt post-lapsarian variety of this attitude be? 1972Times Lit. Suppl. 29 Dec. 1587/2 A prelude..to the deplorable history of postlapsarian man.
1953Archivum Linguisticum V. 68 He [sc. Marr] indicates..labialization with a *postliteral circle. 1958J. Berry in J. A. Fishman Readings Sociol. of Lang. (1968) 742 Diacritically modified letters (i.e. ‘simple’ letters with e.g...postliteral circle or apostrophe).
1974E. Ambler Dr. Frigo iii. 186 Saw patient while he was taking his *post-lunch bed rest.
1959N. Marsh False Scent (1960) ii. 59 A long gloomy *post-luncheon talk.
1903R. Whiteing Let. 9 Feb. in D. L. Moore E. Nesbit (1933) xi. 177 The love scenes, for such they are..though they are *post marital. 1957V. W. Turner Schism & Continuity in Afr. Society p. xviii, ‘Uxorilocal’ refers to the post-marital residence of a man in his wife's village.
1975R. H. Rimmer Premar Experiments i. 111 They aren't fully aware of the impact that freer and open sexuality, premaritally and *postmaritally, will have on human goals and values.
1949G. B. Shaw Buoyant Billions i. 17 In your time the young were *post-Marxists and their fathers pre-Marxists. 1963M. H. Abrams in N. Frye Romanticism Reconsidered 29 It may be useful, then, to have a new look at the obvious as it appeared, not to post-Marxist historians, but to intelligent observers at the time. 1978Bull. Amer. Acad. Arts & Sci. Jan. 35 He considers himself post-Risorgimento, post-Marxist.
1851G. S. Faber Many Mansions 6 The principle of intellectuality..does not seem to have at all entered into the theory of our mediæval or *postmediæval Sidrophels. 1902Miss E. Speakman in Owens Coll. Hist. Ess. 57 A great post-mediæval movement, the active monasticism of the Counter-Reformation.
1905Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLVIII. 490 In animals there are (normally) no *post-maiotic divisions, whereas in plants there may be, and often are, a large number. 1905[see pre-meiotic s.v. pre- B. 1]. 1934L. W. Sharp Introd. Cytol. (ed. 3) xvi. 265 In certain cases evidence has been brought forward to show that the chromonema in each chromatid at the close of the second meiotic mitosis is already split ‘in preparation for’ the first postmeiotic division. 1973Genetical Res. XXII. 285 A characteristic feature of recombination in Sordaria brevicollis is the relatively high proportion of recombination events which exhibit post-meiotic segregation.
1968N. Vorys et al. in J. J. Gold Gynecol. Endocrinol. xi. 253 *Postmenarchal ovarian hypersensitivity may cause short proliferative phases.
1937*Post-menarcheal [see premenarcheal s.v. pre- B. 1]. 1977Yearbk. Obstetr. & Gynecol. 332 Their mean chronological age was 13·02 years and 11 were postmenarcheal.
1928E. Novak in Gynecol. & Obstetr. Monogr.: Cumul. Suppl. & Composite Index 32 (heading) *Postmenopausal bleeding with ovarian cancer. 1949M. Mead Male & Female viii. 180 In Bali..the post-menopausal woman and the virgin girl work together at ceremonies from which women of child-bearing age are debarred. 1975Lancet 5 July 7/2, 11 women were postmenopausal (by at least three years); their ages ranged from forty-eight to sixty-five years of age.
1925Practitioner July 43 *Post-menopause vulvitis is thus set up. 1975Acta Endocrinologica LXXX. 262 Levels of plasma PRL rose with puberty and decreased during post-menopause and in elderly men.
1956Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXII. 115 The gneiss..is transected by the Boyne Line.., and all the rocks appear to have suffered a certain amount of *post-metamorphic shearing. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. vi. 66/1 Grindley (1963) noted that post-metamorphic folding in southern Westland was accompanied by axial-plane cleavage on mesoscopic shear folds.
1943L. B. Lyon Evening in Stepney 18 *Post-midnight hours, be born of costlier reverence. 1970I. Petite Meander to Alaska ii. xi. 108 A ride..ending with a postmidnight ride back on a bicycle.
1907Technical Lit. Sept. 189/1 It is important to look for evidence of recent or *post-mineral faulting that may be connected with the secondary enrichment of the deposits. 1965G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. iii. 26/1 From the descriptions which are available the pattern of pre- and post-mineral faulting cannot be resolved in detail.
1893Chicago Advance 9 Mar., He had given no one cause for *post mortuary expectations.
1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 1791 *Post-Mosaic events and customs.
1864Realm 18 May 5 The speculative gentlemen who in mythical times transferred their *post-mundane future to Mephistopheles in exchange for immediate enjoyment.
1958Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 21 June 937/2 Infant deaths..may be divided into two groups—deaths of infants in the neonatal period (under 28 days) and those in the *postneonatal period (28 days to one year). 1965S. Peller in Glass & Eversley Population in Hist. V. 93 The difference between the rates for the ruling families and for the general population..was larger during the post-neonatal period of infancy than in the neo- or peri-natal period. 1973Puffer & Serrano Patterns of Mortality in Childhood v. 76 The infant period is divided into neonatal (0–27 days of age) and postneonatal (28 days through 11 months).
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 383 Total loss of vision dependent on *post-neuritic atrophy.
1720Waterland Vind. Christ's Div. ii. 26 The *Post-Nicene Fathers Athanasius, Basil, &c.
1928A. Huxley in Vogue 28 Nov. 122/3 A form which the critical intelligence of *post-Nietzschean youth can respect. 1977N.Y. Rev. Bks. 15 Sept. 41/1 To the post-Nietzschean Bloom, these are the essential qualities of human life under the shadow of belatedness.
1935H. Straumann Newspaper Headlines ii. 51 As the word preceding it is a nominal, this position may more exactly be called *postnominal position. 1952R.A.F. Rev. Jan. 9/2 The use of the post-nominal letters ‘T.D.’ is peculiar to the Territorial Army. 1961Amer. Speech XXXVI. 159 Finally certain postnominal modifiers, such as relative clauses. 1975Daily Tel. (Colour Suppl.) 3 Jan. 11/3 In the higher ranks of the Forces and the Civil Service the appropriate title, or post-nominal letters, almost automatically follow appointment to a senior post. 1978E. St. Johnston One Policeman's Story xii. 287 The third problem affecting Honours..was the right of any officer holding the Queen's Police Medal to put the initials, QPM, after his name. This is technically known as wearing ‘post-nominals’.
1686Goad Celest. Bodies i. xv. 96 At other hours of the Ante-Noon, and *Post-Noon more especially.
a1866J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. xxi. (1870) 346 The *post-observational simplicity of Copernicus and Newton.
1969E. H. Pinto Treen 17 Operation Pegs... They are still used for plugging *post-operation tubes. 1979Nature 25 Jan. 327/3 The nodules were found in all rats by 6 months post-operation.
1973S. Fisher Female Orgasm vii. 190 The judgments typically portrayed the orgasm and *post-orgasm experience as having favorable..connotations.
1953A. C. Kinsey et al. Sexual Behav. Human Female xv. 638 Sometimes, especially in youth, the *post-orgasmic relaxation is hardly more than momentary. 1973S. Fisher Female Orgasm ix. 290 How relaxed she feels during the postorgasmic state.
1923Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. LXVI. 325 When a bird is killed for such *post-ovulation stages care must be taken that a new ovulation stage is not initiated in the meantime. 1951Jrnl. Clin. Endocrinol. XI. 937 Administration of chorionic gonadotropin was begun early in the postovulation period.
1933Amer. Jrnl. Anat. LII. 610 The existence of a double uterine cycle explains the occasional appearance of intermenstrual *post-ovulative bleedings. 1968M. R. Cohen in J. J. Gold Textbk. Gynecol. Endocrinol. xxv. 543 During the postovulative phase.
1922H. M. Evans in L. F. Barker et al. Endocrinol. & Metabolism II. vi. 581 In the *postovulatory period it is the corpora lutea which are responsible for further marked changes which now regularly occur in the genitalia of some other mammals. 1975Biol. Reproduction XII. 573 The cervical epithelium of postovulatory rabbits consists of ciliated cells and nonciliated cells with bulbous apical processes.
1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. vi. (1875) 252 The new, real, immense, *post-pagan world.
1965N.Y. Times Mag. 21 Feb. 12/2 *Post-painterly or ‘hard-edge’ abstraction cleaned up the gooey mess and substituted neatly defined geometrical shapes in chaste combinations. 1969New Yorker 6 Dec. 184 At the Metropolitan, the largest displays are by so-called object-makers—‘post-painterly’ canvases; that is to say, smooth-surfaced, cool, and tending to blend with their setting. 1972E. Lucie-Smith in Cox & Dyson 20th-Cent. Mind III. xvi. 473 The man who formed a link between Abstract Expressionism and what came to be called ‘post-painterly abstraction’ was Morris Louis (1912–62). 1977P. Johnson Enemies of Society xvi. 218 Morris Louis, by his own description a ‘post-painterly abstractionist’, simply painted streaks on the edge of the canvas, leaving the rest untouched.
1876J. H. Jackson in W. Riding Lunatic Asylum Med. Rep. VI. 266 The temporary state of the patient immediately after the paroxysm—which will be called the *post-paroxysmal condition. 1967Biol. Abstr. XLVIII. 7986/2 (heading) Character of the clinical progress of adolescent rheumatism in post-paroxysmal period.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 464 Cases of *post-parturient anæmia.
1885E. Hatch in Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 427/1 In the later and the probably *post-Pauline epistles the apocalyptic elements are rare.
1966W. S. Allen in C. E. Bazell In Memory of J. R. Firth 11 This difficulty could be met only by assuming that, except in *post-pausal position, a high tone required a lower pitch to precede it.
1896J. MacNeil Spirit Filled Life xiii, We live in *post-pentecostal days.
1895A. Nutt Voy. Bran I. 247 The *post-Prophetic phase of Judaism.
1968A. F. Fraser Reproductive Behaviour in Ungulates v. 75 A group of bulls which were in their first *post-puberal year.
1886Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. III. 396/2 The *post-pubertal falling off in growth is more rapid in girls than in boys. 1955New Biol. XVIII. 32 It is possible that the post-pubertal mammal behaves like an insect imago.., and that the fundamental change which leads to eventual senescence has already taken place at puberty. 1978Homes and Gardens Oct. 117/2 There are some effects of the pill which we know... Some girls suffer from post-pubertal amenorrhœa and do not conceive easily afterwards.
1943Koestler in Horizon VII. 230 But that was still in his early period, a hang-over from adolescence, the nihilistic *post-puberty pose.
1964E. A. Nida Toward Sci. Transl. xi. 251 Incorporating *postpublication corrections into subsequent printings.
1862Mrs. Speid Last Years Ind. 192 Among the *post-Puranic religionists of India.
1946L. Bloomfield in H. Hoijer et al. Ling. Struct. Native Amer. 121 Some roots appear in *postradical extensions... Most postradicals..have no clear meaning. 1958Archivum Linguisticum X. 170 In some words Postradical..elements are recognized.
1899Hobson Ruskin 27 The great masters of the *post-Raphaelite schools in Italy and in England.
1850Dublin Rev. Mar. 145 The elucidation of the *post-reformation history of Ireland. 1870Athenæum 23 Apr. 543/3 In post-Reformation times the ‘prophecies’..kept the souls..of men in continual irritation. 1902B. Kidd West. Civiliz. ix. 315 The various tendencies within the post-Reformation development. 1964P. F. Anson Bishops at Large i. 31 The post-Reformation Ecclesia Anglicana. 1978R. Strong And when did you last see your Father? 153/2 The rise of the gentry and the establishment of a new post-Reformation aristocracy.
1941Listener 19 June 882/2 The literature of *post-Renaissance Europe. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics viii. 315 The post-Renaissance process of creating learned vocabulary from classical sources. 1978D. Daiches Edinburgh ii. 43 The College..was from the beginning a post-Renaissance, post-Reformation university.
1900Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sci. XLIV. 3 Reproductive Period.—I have used this expression to denote the whole of that period in the life of a mammal..during which its generative organs are capable of the reproductive function; and in contrast to the Pre-reproductive and *Post-reproductive periods which severally precede and follow it, during which the generative organs are either not fully developed or are degenerative. 1963Lancet 5 Jan. 2/1 As we reach the postreproductive years, a man's chance of dying is much greater than a woman's..so that at 60 a man has almost twice the likelihood of dying before 61 than a woman has.
1857–8Sears Athan. iv. 27 The *post-resurrection period. 1884Chr. Commw. 11 Dec. 112/5 The few weeks of our Lord's post-resurrection life.
1928Manch. Guardian Weekly 7 Sept. 73/4 The Duce's personal implication in numerous ugly stories of the *post-Revolution period. 1957Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 685/3 Apart from a single passing reference to Zinoviev and Kamenev, Lenin, Trotsky, Stalin, Beria and Kruschev seem to be the only Bolsheviks named in the post-revolution chapters.
1814Jefferson Writ. (1830) IV. 243 Our *post-revolutionary youth are born under happier stars than you and I were. 1938Burlington Mag. June 270/1 Ducreux' post-Revolutionary studio. 1966F. Schurmann Ideol. & Organization in Communist China p. xxxiii, Political centralization is one of the forms that post-revolutionary organization has taken. 1970S. L. Barraclough in I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. iv. 155 Where land reform has been rapid..as was the case in post-revolutionary Mexico and Bolivia—some lines of production temporarily decreased.
1865Lubbock Preh. Times 51 Referring it to *post-Roman times. 1899R. Munro Preh. Scot. ix. 351 Many of them were utilised in post-Roman times.
1943Y. Winters Anatomy of Nonsense 19 The method of the *Post-Romantics, whether French Symbolists or American Experimentalists. 1947A. Einstein Mus. Romantic Era xvii. 330 The post-Romantic period, when these musicians can be classified roughly according to their training in Germany or in Paris. 1965Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Nov. 1063/2 Most readers..in this post-romantic age.
1949*Post-Saussurean [see post-Bloomfieldian a. and n.]. 1977Language LIII. 394 Each of these topics is divided in turn into three parts..the last one to post-Saussurean developments.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 735 *Post-scarlatinal diphtheria usually occurs at a late period of convalescence.
1934Webster, *Postschool. 1939H. M. Miner St. Denis ix. 193 The young school child wants to have cards, ice skates, and a bicycle, because these amusements are those of postschool children. 1968Economist 17 Aug. 17/2 The trendy thing for the past ten years has been to work on post-school education. 1975Language for Life (Dept. Educ. & Sci.) xix. 278 Some schools do successfully guide their pupils to post-school opportunities.
1959Brain LXXXII. 181 During the stage of *post-seizure cortical hypoxia with flattening of the EEG loud sounds failed to produce spike responses in the strychninized animal.
1882–3Schaff's Encycl. Relig. Knowl. II. 1160 In the *post-Solomonic time, the city grew in the neighbourhood of the temple.
1957N.Y. Herald Tribune 25 Nov. 19/1 There is no doubt that *post-Sputnik Washington is a different city and a different atmosphere. Ibid. 3 Dec. 24/1 He [sc. R. M. Nixon] has defeated the pinch-penny economizers, who, even post-Sputnik, are still in the..mood of providing too-little, too-late. 1977Dædalus Fall 80 Many of the post-Sputnik educational programs were in fact based on this conclusion.
1938*Post-surrealist [see muck-pot s.v. muck n.1 5]. 1951N. Rorem Paris Diary (1967) i. 7 She encouraged gaudy and exhibitionistic comportment..to give herself an identity with the post-surrealist gang she hung out with. 1952Koestler Arrow in Blue xxiv. 224 But none of the existentialists, post-surrealists..had the guts to speak his opinion.
1953S. Spender Creative Element i. 22 Writers on the Symbolists and *Post-Symbolists..note the tendency of a creative impulse which begins with a religious intensity. 1955D. Davie in C. Tomlinson Necklace 1 Charles Tomlinson has taken note of the experiments and achievements of French symbolism. This does not mean that he belongs to the post-symbolist ‘school’ or the post-symbolist ‘movement’, if there are such things. 1958J. Press Chequer'd Shade viii. 183 Whether the systematic employment of post-symbolist technique has weakened or strengthened poetry is likely to remain a matter of dispute. 1977Radio Times 29 Oct.–4 Nov. 13/4 Nerval's sonnet sequences, Les Chimères..is now recognised as the source of all post-Symbolist and Surrealist poetry.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 145 Drugs cannot influence a *post-syphilitic cicatrix.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 159 The first sound forcible, and followed by a loud murmur (*post-systolic), which culminated at the apex.
1659Bp. Walton Consid. Considered 113 Collected by the *post-talmudical rabbins out of several ancient Copies.
1938Mem. Geol. Soc. Amer. No. 6. 108 The crystallization in such fabrics can be termed: pretectonic, *posttectonic, or paratectonic with reference to the particular mineral that is under consideration. 1956Q. Jrnl. Geol. Soc. CXII. 125 The well-known post-tectonic growth of andalusite in the eastern zone may have been accompanied by recrystallization which destroyed any incipient fabric. 1971I. G. Gass et al. Understanding Earth xx. 296/1 These granites..are both syntectonic and post-tectonic.
1973M. Amis Rachel Papers 22 Firstly, I assume I'm right in saying that teenage sex is quite different from *post-teenage sex? 1976Sounds 11 Dec. 40/2 Personally, I was in the throes of extreme post-teenage depression at the total unadventurousness of yer average British audience.
190519th Cent. Jan. 63 That revelation through the fallible media of dead languages and *post-temporary chronicles.
1885P. Meyer in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 860/1 In French the first of the two *post-tonic vowels of a Lat. proparoxytone always disappears; in Prov. it tends to be preserved. 1953K. H. Jackson Lang. & Hist. Early Brit. ii. 268 Syncope of the post-tonic penultimate syllable. 1973A. H. Sommerstein Sound Pattern Anc. Greek v. 123 Post-tonic vowels (not just svarita vowels, but all vowels at any distance to the right of the accent in a word).
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 15 Oct. 965 The *post-traumatic disorders of the cerebro spinal system.
1845J. H. Newman Ess. Developm. 323 Nor am I aware that *Post-tridentine writers deny that the whole Catholic faith may be proved from Scripture.
1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 206 *Post-tussic suction is another highly significant sign.
1897Ibid. II. 582 The nature, extent, and variety of *post-vaccinal eruptions.
1879St. George's Hosp. Rep. IX. 526 An example of *post-varioloid ulceration.
1895Daily News 10 June 6/2 The *Post-Vedic or Brahmanic period.
1934Webster, *Post-verbal. 1948[see complementation]. 1965N. Chomsky Aspects of Theory of Syntax 228 A somewhat different analysis of post-Verbal Adjectives in English. 1978Language LIV. 85 The most unmarked order of adverbs in English is generally considered to be manner, place, and time in post-verbal position.
1971Ibid. XLVII. 532 The principle involved is that the experiencer in certain types of sentences cannot be extracted if the complement sentence ends up *postverbally.
1892J. Wright Primer Gothic Lang. i. 10 Final *postvocalic g and g in the final combination gs was probably a voiceless spirant. 1976Archivum Linguisticum VII. 94 Icelandic words of the type epli being equivalent to those of the form lappa in having the quantitative peak on the post-vocalic consonant.
1964R. H. Robins Gen. Linguistics iii. 101 In Scots English, /r/ occurs both prevocalically and *postvocalically (cart, standard /kaːt/, Scots /kart/).
1895G. B. Shaw in Liberty (N.Y.) 27 July 3/1 A *post-Wagnerian reaction. 1965New Statesman 7 May 736/1 The technical mêlée of..early Renaissance polyphony and sensuous post-Wagnerian harmony.
1977Time 14 Mar. 26/1 The *post-Watergate Congress is in trouble with its constituents. 1978N.Y. Times 30 Mar. b 5/1 Governor Carey's executive order and the city law were issued at a time of post-Watergate morality.
1957K. Rexroth in New World Writing XI. 32 Many of the *post-World War II abstract expressionists..look alike, and do look like accidents. 1970I. L. Horowitz Masses in Lat. Amer. i. 5 This definition..strangely enough became the chief ideological tool of post-World War Two ‘neo-Marxism’. 1979Dædalus Winter 119 The successive discard, in the post-World War II world, of the totalitarian scheme.
2. Relating to locality: = Behind, situated at the back of, posterior to. In many adjs. (rarely ns.), chiefly Anat. and Zool., indicating parts or organs situated behind (more rarely, in the hinder part of) other parts or organs: as postaceˈtabular, behind the acetabulum or socket of the hip-bone; postallanˈtoic, behind the allantois; post-alveˈolar, behind the teeth-ridge; in Phonetics applied to a consonant articulated with the tongue against the back part of the alveolar ridge; postˈanal, behind the anus; postanˈtennal, behind the antennæ; postaryˈtenoid, ‘behind the arytenoid cartilage or cartilages’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); postˈauditory, behind the auditory nerve or chamber; post-auˈricular, behind the ear; postbrachial |-ˈbreɪkɪəl|, situated on the back of the brachium or upper arm: applied to a set of muscles; postbranchial |-ˈbræŋkɪəl| [see branchia], behind the gills, or a gill; postcæcal |-ˈsiːkəl|, behind or beyond the cæcum; postcalˈcaneal, behind the calcaneum: applied to a lobe of the interfemoral membrane in bats; postˈcentral, behind the centre: applied to a convolution of the brain, also called the posterior central convolution; hence post-ˈcentrally adv.; postceˈphalic, behind or posterior to the head: applied to segments of arthropods; postcereˈbellar, in the hinder part of the cerebellum; postˈcerebral, (a) behind the cerebrum or brain; (b) in the hinder part of the cerebrum; postcoluˈmellar, behind the columella (columella 4); postˈcoxal, behind the coxa or coxæ; postˈcranial, situated posterior to the cranium; also as n. pl., the postcranial remains of an animal; hence postˈcranially adv.; post-ˈcricoid, posterior to the cricoid cartilage; postˈcruciate, behind the cruciate fissure of the cerebrum; postˈcubital [see cubit], behind, or on the back of, the fore-arm; postˈdental [see dental], behind the teeth; in Phonetics applied to a consonant pronounced by placing the tongue against the gum or palate just behind the teeth also as n.; postˈdigital, behind the digits or toes; postˈethmoid, behind the ethmoid bone; postˈfemoral, situated behind the femur or thigh; postˈgenital , behind the genital pores; postˈglenoid, behind the glenoid cavity: applied to a process of the temporal bone (ellipt. as n.): also postgleˈnoidal; posthumeral |-ˈhjuːmərəl|, behind the humerus or upper arm, or the humeri in insects (cf. humeral A. 1, 3); postischial |-ˈɪskɪəl|, behind the ischium; postmeatal |-miːˈeɪtəl| [irreg. for postmeatual: cf. meatal, and see meatus], behind a meatus or opening of the body; postˈmedian, behind the median line or plane of the body; postˈnasal, behind the nose or nasal cavity; postœsoˈphageal, behind the œsophagus; postˈolivary, behind the olivary body; postˈpalatal, (a) also postˈpalatine, behind the palate or palatal bones; applied to one of the pterygoid bones in certain reptiles (also ellipt. as n.); (b) Phonetics, applied to a consonant articulated with the tip or middle of the tongue against the hard palate; also ellipt. as n.; postpaˈrietal, applied to certain plates behind the parietal plates in the head of a serpent (also ellipt. as n.); postˈpetiole n., an abdominal segment in an insect immediately behind the petiole (petiole 2); postphaˈryngeal, behind the pharynx; postpiˈtuitary, ‘situated posterior to the pituitary body’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); postˈpontile, behind the pons Varolii (pons 2); postˈrhinal [Gr. ῥιν- nose], behind the nose (= postnasal), or behind the olfactory lobe of the brain; postroˈlandic, behind the Rolandic fissure of the cerebrum; postˈrostral, behind the rostrum of a crustacean; postˈsacral, behind the sacrum or sacral vertebræ; postˈscapular, situated behind or below the spine of the scapula or shoulder-blade, as in postscapular fossa; postˈsternal, behind the sternum or breast-bone; postˈstigmatal, in an insect, behind the stigmata or breathing pores; postˈsylvian, behind the Sylvian fissure of the cerebrum; post-ˈtibial, behind, or on the hinder part of, the tibia; post-tymˈpanic, behind the tympanic bone: applied to a bone, and a process of bone, in some Carnivora; also as n. = post-tympanic bone or process; postˈumbonal, behind the umbo of a molluscan shell; postˈuterine, situated behind the uterus; post-ˈvelar, behind or at the back of the velum; in Phonetics, applied to a consonant articulated with the tongue against the rear half of the velum or soft palate; also ellipt. as n. Also postliminary, -ocular, -orbital, etc.
1866Owen Anat. Vert. II. 34 [The ilium in birds] differs in the proportions of the pre-acetabular and *post-acetabular extensions, and in the degree of divergence of the latter from the sacrum.
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Dec. 1632 The hind gut and its continuation—the *post-allantoic gut—are now without any communication with the exterior.
1932D. Jones Outl. Eng. Phonetics (ed. 3) ix. 44 *Post-alveolar: articulated by the tip of the tongue against the back part of the teeth-ridge. 1964I. Dahl in D. Abercrombie et al. Daniel Jones 314 [c, ɟ] are post-alveolar. 1973Amer. Speech 1969 XLIV. 265 Heavy retroflexion is understood to be an r produced by passing the breath between the underside of the apex of the tongue and the postalveolar or prepalatal region.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 335 There is generally said to be a *post-anal section of the archenteron in Vertebrata which communicates by a neur-enteric canal with the neural tube. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 1034 The number and arrangement of the four pairs of pre-anal and three pairs of post-anal papillæ on the tail of the male.
1895Cambr. Nat. Hist. V. 193 This structure [the pro⁓stemmate]..is said by Sir John Lubbock to be present in some of the Lipuridæ that have no ocelli, and he there⁓fore prefers to speak of it as the ‘*post-antennal’ organ.
1870Rolleston Anim. Life 8 The *post-auditory process of the squamosal. 1875Huxley & Martin Elem. Biol. (1877) 190 The Post-auditory nerves.
1903Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist. XII. 342 Mus hypoxanthus bacchante... Fine hairs of ears rufous; no *postauricular patch. 1934F. Stark Valleys of Assassins ii. 193 The post-auricular length..is about one-third of the total length. 1977Proc. R. Soc. Med. LXX. 399/1 Smaller defects in the centre of the face are therefore sometimes repaired with free grafts of full-thickness postauricular skin.
1888J. Beard in Q. Jrnl. Microsc. Sc. 179 This view..I must now also extend to the præbranchial and the sensory part of each *postbranchial nerve.
1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. i. 44 The intestine is divided into the small intestine or antecæcal, and into the large intestine or *postcæcal.
1890Billings Med. Dict., *Post-central convolution. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 310 The ascending parietal or post-central convolution. 1959Schvell & Jenkins in Saporta & Bastian Psycholinguistics (1961) 428/2 Verbal aphasia, resulting from lesions of the pre- and post-central convolutions. 1967G. M. Wyburn et al. Conc. Anat. vii. 193 It..separates the precentral gyrus from the postcentral gyrus.
1968Brit. Med. Bull. XXIV. 202/1 A normally responsive alpha rhythm at 7–8 cyc./sec. is present *postcentrally, with slightly higher voltage on the right side.
1895Syd. Soc. Lex., *Post⁓cephalic, posterior to the head or cephalic segment. 1900Miall & Hammond Harlequin Fly ii. 72 In a larva of one of the larger species of Chironomus the heart lies in the eleventh post-cephalic segment.
1885Wilder in Jrnl. Nervous Dis. XII. 349 Cerebellaris posterior..English paronym. *Postcerebellar.
1882Athenæum 14 Jan. 60/2 Not..from the archicerebrum, but from the cords connecting this with the first *postcerebral ganglion. 1885Wilder (as above) XII. 349 Cerebralis posterior... English paronym. Postcerebral.
1880Watson in Jrnl. Linn. Soc., Zool. XV. No. 82. 91 Leaving only a central depression and a *post⁓columellar furrow.
1913Bull. Amer. Museum Nat. Hist. XXXII. 563 The *post-cranial skeleton. 1956Biologia II. 231 The skull of the common lizard..has been described in detail previously... The present paper deals with its postcranial skeleton, i.e., the vertebral column, ribs, sternum, girdles and limbs. 1971Nature 5 Feb. 407/2 It has been thought for some time that Miocene hominoids differed post-cranially from living hominoids, resembling instead the cercopithecoid monkeys. But careful examination of the post-cranials of Limnopithecus..and the European fossil Pliopithecus indicates that such non-hominoid structural features as they have are ceboid-like rather than specifically cercopithecoid-like. 1978Sci. Amer. July 105/1 Anatomical studies..relating respectively to the birds' postcranial skeleton and their skull.
1971Cappell & Anderson Muir's Textbk. Path. (ed. 9) xviii. 485/1 There is also the relationship between the iron-deficiency anaemia..and *post-cricoid carcinoma in women. 1971Brit. Med. Bull. XXVII. 34/1 Difficulty in swallowing is associated with a post-cricoid web of mucous membrane.
1885Alienist & Neurol. VI. 9 That part of the cerebral cortex which corresponds to the *post⁓cruciate convolution.
1899W. Rippmann tr. Vietor's Elements of Phonetics 77 As a rule the English sounds [in thou, thin etc.] are *postdental, the narrowing being between the tongue point (with apical articulation) and the back of the front upper teeth. 1903Kjederqvist in Phil. Soc. Trans. 107 The Pewsey l is also of two kinds; one is divided and post-dental, the other has become o. 1933[see domal a. 3]. 1933Bloomfield Language vi. 102 French speaks its [n] in postdental position. 1961L. F. Brosnahan Sounds of Language vi. 138 The order of appearance of consonants is generally from back to front, in the order: glottal, velar, post-dental, palatal, labial, and labio-dental.
1891Flower & Lydekker Mammalia ii. 12 The *post-digital gland of the Rhinoceros.
1870Flower Osteol. Mammalia x. 136 The Orang agrees with Man in wanting this *postethmoid union of the frontals.
1854Owen Skel. & Teeth in Orr's Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat. 235 The *postglenoid process in the horse is less developed than in the tapir.
1871Huxley Anat. Vertebr. Anim. viii. 361 The squamosal [of the rhinoceros] sends down an immense *post-glenoidal process.
1906J. B. Smith Explanation Terms Entomol. 106 *Post-humeral bristles: in Diptera, are usually two. 1961Post-humeral [see acrostichal a. 2].
1895Mivart in Proc. Zool. Soc. 373 The postaxial margin of the *postmeatal lamella.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 714 *Post-nasal adenoid hypertrophy is a disease of early childhood.
1899W. Rippmann tr. Vietor's Elements of Phonetics 142/1 *Postpalatal stops, etc. = back stops, etc. Ibid. 67 The gutturals (more strictly: postpalatals or velars). 1902[see medio-palatal adj. s.v. medio- 2]. 1925[see pre-palatal s.v. pre- B. 3]. 1942Post-palatal [see medio-palatal adj. s.v. medio- 2].
1896Nomencl. Dis. 133 *Post-pharyngeal abscess. 1897Trans. Amer. Pediatric Soc. IX. 175 Extending from high up in the post-pharyngeal wall downwards four and a half inches as far as the fourth rib.
1885Wilder (as above) XII. 351 Owen's prior name is basirhinal; the name employed by me..is *postrhinal. 1901Munsey's Mag. XXIV. 803/2 She had a spell of sneezing, and the bullet dropped out into the postrhinal cavity.
1852Dana Crust. i. 114 *Post-rostral length about equal to greatest breadth.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 72 It might be suspected from the intensity and superficialness of *post-sternal pain with tenderness.
1896Cockerell in Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 30 It may have the portion below the stigma (substigmatal) longer than that beyond (*poststigmatal), but usually they are about equal or the latter is longer.
1868Owen Anat. Vertebr. III. 125 A ‘*postsylvian fissure’..is added.
1854― Skel. & Teeth in Orr's Circ. Sc. I. Org. Nat. 236 A well-developed *post-tympanic process. 1871Huxley Anat. Vertebr. Anim. viii. 368 [In the pig] the post-tympanic is closely appressed to the post-glenoidal process.
1934Webster, *Post-velar a. 1934J. J. Hogan Outl. Eng. Philol. i. 7 If the back-stops are made farther back than the normal series, they are called Post-Velars. 1942Bloch & Trager Outl. Linguistic Analysis ii. 16 Different points of articulation are designated by the terms pre-velar, mediovelar, and postvelar (or uvular). 1964E. Palmer tr. Martinet's Elem. Gen. Linguistics ii. 50 A dorsal may also be..post-velar or uvular as in the initial sound of rouge in the Parisian pronunciation. 1966M. Pei Gloss. Linguistic Terminol. 215 Post-velar, a consonant produced with the tongue farther back than the velar position, and the articulation against the rear half of the velum, or soft palate (Arabic q).
b. Rarely in quasi-adjectival relation to a n. forming the second element: = occurring behind or posteriorly, as postfixation n. 1.
Add:[B.] [1.] [b.] post-feminist.
1981N.Y. Times 15 Feb. ii. 24/6 Some theatergoers, accustomed to the outspoken quality of *post-feminist playwrights, might say that the play could only have been written by a woman. 1983N.Y. Times 20 Jan. c17/4 (heading) British stage feminists and U.S. post-feminists. 1986Washington Post 8 Apr. a19/1 An intra-gender battle..between feminists and post-feminists.
post-Bang, occurring after, and esp. as a result of, the ‘Big Bang’ (see big a. B. 2) on the London Stock Exchange in October 1986.
1986Sunday Times 1 June 59/2 The Bank of England is worried that dealing in stocks and shares could become too dispersed after the Big Bang... There is a particular danger of this with the new *post-bang gilts market. 1989Financial Times 14 Jan. (Weekend Suppl.) p. xvi/1 The Big Bang has become a firing spree as financial houses face up to the post-Bang competition.
[c.] post-feminism.
1983Time 10 Jan. 60 (heading) *Postfeminism:..from novels to humor, women are moving beyond doctrine. 1986New Statesman 9 May 12/2 The new romanticism is also the world of ‘post-feminism’ where feminism's angry euphoria has dissipated in a sea of uncertainty.
Add:2. Special collocation: post-traumatic stress disorder (or syndrome), a condition alleged to develop following exposure to a stressful situation or series of events outside the normal range of human experience, whose symptoms reportedly include recurrent dreams or memories of the traumatic event, withdrawal, difficulties in concentration, and sleep disturbance. Abbrev. PTSD.
[1973Comprehensive Psychiatry XIV. 562 The suggestion has been made that neurasthenia is a stress-intolerance syndrome, thus linking it to post-traumatic syndromes and external stress.] 1982Southern Med. Jrnl. LXXV. 704 Primary care physicians may encounter patients having posttraumatic stress disorder. 1985Child Abuse & Neglect IX. iii. 329 An examination of symptoms presented by 17 adult women who experienced childhood incest suggests that the long-term effects of incest may be a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). 1989Spin Oct. 38/1 He was diagnosed by a court psychiatrist as suffering from ‘post-traumatic stress syndrome’ and ‘seeing things, like gangs of people chasing him’. 1993Men's Health Jan.–Feb. 72/2 All of them agree..on one thing: An enemy that still stalks many veterans is Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). |