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▪ I. premise, premiss, n.|ˈprɛmɪs|
[a. F. prémisse (Oresme, 14th c.), also obs. and less usual premise (‘a foreplacing, a setting before’ Cotgr.), ad. med.L. præmissa (propositio, sententia), in Logic, a proposition set in front, a premiss, pa. pple. fem. of præmittĕre to put before: see premit.
The etymological spelling is premiss, pl. premisses, formerly used in all senses, and still frequent (but by no means universal) in sense 1; in other senses premises (sing. premise), which appears early in 16th c., is now in use. This may have been influenced by promise, -ises, or possibly by the 16th c. Fr. variant prémise.]
I. in Logic. (Often premiss.)
1. A previous statement or proposition from which another is inferred or follows as a conclusion; spec. in pl. the two propositions from which the conclusion is derived in a syllogism. (The sing. is late (17th c.) and less common.)
The two propositions in a syllogism were formerly called, collectively, the premisses; individually, the major proposition or simply the proposition (πρότασις, Aristotle), and the minor proposition or assumption (πρ. ἡ ἑτέρα or ἡ τελευταία); the singular terms major premiss and minor premiss are not instanced before the 19th c.
The πρότασις of Aristotle was orig. rendered in Latin by propositio (Boethius, etc.). Præmissæ (plural) appears first in 12th c. L. translations from the Arabic versions of Aristotle. Prantl (II. 310, n. 48) cites duæ præmissæ from Pseudo-Averroës (a 1200); altera præmissārum occurs in Albertus Magnus Prior. Analyt. i. v. 3. Duæ præmissæ represents the Arabic muqaddamatāni (quoted, in a MS. of 1200, from Avicenna a 1037), dual of muqaddamah ‘(that which is) put before’, passive pple. of qadama, to go before, put before, etc.; as n. it stands for qaḑiyyah muqaddamah, ‘propositio præmissa’. The Mafātīḥ al ‘ulūm (Keys of the Sciences) c 970, in the account of the Analytics, has ‘the muqaddamah (præmissa) is the qaḑiyyah (propositio): it is put before in making the deduction’ (Prof. Margoliouth).
αc1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. pr. x. 71 (Camb. MS.), I se wel þat it folweth by strengthe of þe premysses [Addit. MS. premisses]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. ii. ii. (1495) b j b/1 Yf he knowe the forsayd two premisses he knoweth the conclusyon by the premysses, for he concludeth that one of that other. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 10717 Thy premysses for to make Ful ffayre exaumples thow kanst take. 1530Palsgr. 257/2 Premysses that cometh in an argument, premisse. 1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. i. iii. 19 b, The premisses, as they terme them, that is, the proposition and the assumption, must bee prooued and confirmed. 1614Raleigh Hist. World ii. (1634) 485 They lay hold upon the conclusion, and by shaking that into pieces, hope to overthrow all the premisses upon which it is inferred. 1713Swift Cadenus & Vanessa 280 Her foe's conclusions were not sound, From premisses erroneous brought. 1827[see minor A. 4]. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. ii. x, Putting consequence on premiss. 1855H. Spencer Princ. Psychol. II. vi. ii. 11 What here are the premisses and inference? 1884tr. Lotze's Logic 5 In expressing a universal truth in the major premiss, and bringing a particular instance under it in the minor.
β1628T. Spencer Logick 147 Vpon these premises, we may wel conclude [etc.]. 1660Barrow Euclid i. Definitions, A Lemma is the demonstration of some premise whereby the proof of the thing in hand becomes the shorter. 1725Watts Logic iii. iii. §1 In the premise all animals signifies every kind of animals. 1796Burke Regic. Peace iii. Wks. VIII. 270 The premises in that piece conduct irresistably to the conclusion. 1827Whately Logic i. i. §2 23 Every conclusion is deduced..from two other propositions (thence called Premises). 1864Bowen Logic v. 134 Here the second premise is materially false.
II. in Law and gen. (Now always premise(s.)
2. pl. The matters or things stated or mentioned previously; what has just been said; the aforesaid, the foregoing. Often in legal phraseology: see also 3, 4. Rarely in sing. (quot. 1683 in β). Now rare or Obs. exc. in technical use.
α1429Rolls of Parlt. IV. 352 Plese itt to youre noble discretions to considere the premisses. 1494Fabyan Chron. v. cxl. 126 As by the redynge of the premysses ye maye well perceyue and know. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health X vj, Take mouse ears, betony, Sanamund, sage,..make a pouder therof & boile the premisses in wine. c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 29 Now after these premisses let us..commence the matter itself. 1631Weever Anc. Fun. Mon. 646, I found since I writ the premisses, that Edward the Confessour was the prime cause. 1713J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 61 But must be fully satisfy'd in the Premisses by ocular Demonstration.
β1529Wolsey in Four C. Eng. Lett. (1880) 10 Yf yt wold please you of your cherytable goodnes to shewe the premyses. 1570Homilies ii. Agst. Disobedience 1, Of whiche all and singuler the premises, the holy Scriptures doo beare recorde in sundrie places. 1683Pennsylv. Archives I. 63 Renouncing all Claims or Demands of anything in or for ye Premise for ye future from Him. 1696Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 261 For the better inforceing the observacion of the premises. 1794Bloomfield's Amer. Law Rep. 30 The Court having considered the Premises are of Opinion [etc.]. a1830in Trevelyan Macaulay (1876) I. iii. 137 To discuss questions conformably to the premises thus agreed on. 1844Williams Real Prop. (1877) 15 The word premises is frequently used in law in its proper etymological sense of that which has been before mentioned.
3. Law. (pl.) That part in the beginning of a deed or conveyance which sets forth the names of the grantor, grantee, and things granted, together with the consideration or reason of the grant.
1641,1818[see habendum]. 1642tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. ii. §161. 72 If the ‘Habendum’ etc. cannot stand with the Premisses but is repugnant to their premisses. 1749E. Wood Compl. Body Conveyancing I. v. §2. 236 The premisses of a Deed is all the Forepart of the Deed, or all that is written before the Habendum. 1837T. D. Hardy Rot. Chart. Pref. 11 The Premises of a Charter comprehend all that precedes the Habendum, and contain the name and titles of the grantor, the address, the name and quality of the grantee, the description of the thing granted, and the reason or consideration of the grant being made.
4. Law. (pl.) (spec. use of 2.) The subject of a conveyance or bequest, specified in the premises of the deed: so expressed when referred to collectively in the later part of the document; = the houses, lands, or tenements above-said or before-mentioned.
α1480Bury Wills (Camden) 56 That..my executourrez have and resseyve alle the issuez and profytys of alle the seyd meese londys and rentys and other premissez. 1508in Nichols Royal Wills 379 All which maners, londs, and tenements, and other the premisses, we late purchased. 1547in Newminster Cartul. (Surtees) 311 All grett Trees & Woodds growyng in & uppon the premyssez, all & syngler which premyssez aboue expressed & specified. 1609Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 334 The said Tythe Corn Hay Lamb and Wool in Allerthwaite Markinton and Ingerthorpe and other the Premisses..which premisses so sold..is now worth p. Ann. 60 l. 1774in Brasenose Coll. Doc. I. 48 The Purhcase money to be paid Mr. B. for Premisses.
β1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 526 Alice Higgins devised the premises, being a term for 999 years, to trustees, in trust for herself for life, remainder to H. Higgins her son and Mary his wife. 1827Jarman Powell's Devises II. 187 Where a testator devised a certain messuage and the furniture in it to A. for life, and after his decease he gave the said messuage and premises to B. the latter devise was held to carry the furniture as well as the messuage to B. on the principle that the word premises included all that went before.
5. pl. (from 4.) A house or building with its grounds or other appurtenances.
α1730Lond. Gaz. No. 6922/2 The Committee for Letting the Cities Lands..give Notice That they intend to Lett by several Leases the Premisses hereafter mentioned. 1764Harmer Observ. viii. v. 217 The Eastern villagers now have oftentimes little [wood] or none on their premisses.
β1766Blackstone Comm. II. xx. 312 An actual seisin, or entry into the premises, or part of them. 1782F. Burney Cecilia x. iii, Till it suits you..to quit the premises. 1817W. Selwyn Law Nisi Prius (ed. 4) II. 685 The wife being served, on the premises, or at the dwelling house of the husband. 1851Hawthorne Ho. Sev. Gables xiii, Allowed to make it his home for the time being, in consideration of keeping the premises in thorough repair. 1902Act 2 Edw. VII, c. 28 §21 Nor shall any coroner's inquest be held on such licensed premises. Mod. Licensed to retail beer, wine, spirits, and tobacco to be consumed on the premises. All repairs done on the premises.
†6. pl. Previous circumstances or events; things happening before. Obs.
1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. i. 63 The Law I beare no mallice for my death, T'has done vpon the premises, but Iustice. 1642Rogers Naaman 42 As he meant to scatter those ten Tribes..so he orders the whole frame of premises tending thereto. 1759Robertson Hist. Scotl. viii. Wks. 1813 II. 86 So after these premises, the murder of the king following, we judge, in our consciences [etc.].
▪ II. premise, v.|prɪˈmaɪz|
Also 6 premyse, -mysse, 7 præmise, premize.
[f. prec. n.; or f. 15–16th c. F. premis, -mise, pa. pple. of premetre, prémettre to place or put forth before: cf. premit.]
1. trans. To state, set forth, or mention before something else; to say or write by way of preface or introduction to the main subject. (With simple obj. or, now usually, obj. clause.)
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 195 Whan almyghty god forbade the iewes to make..ydolles, he premysed & put before these wordes, sayenge: Thou shalt haue no god but me. 1571Digges Pantom. i. vi. C iij, I thinke it not amisse..to premise certaine Theoremes. 1606Holland Sueton. To Rdrs., With some few advertisments præmised. 1669W. Simpson Hydrol. Chym. 34 What we have already said to that point being premiz'd. 1781Earl Malmesbury Diaries & Corr. I. 453, I can venture to premise that he will..be deprived of every possible means of doing harm. 1804–6Syd. Smith Mor. Philos. (1850) 367 Having premised these observations, I proceed to consider [etc.]. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos (1877) II. xv. 162 He finally gave way, and accepted the commission, premising that he would only submit to it for twelve months.
absol. or intr.17..Swift (J.), I must premise with three circumstances.
†b. To put before, prefix (words, etc.) to a writing, speech, etc. Obs. except as involved in prec.
1626R. Harris Hezekiah's Recovery (1630) 2 Neither is there any necessitie of premising petitions to each particular thanksgiving. 1681Boyle Let. to Bp. H. Jones 8 Apr., Wks. 1772 I. Life 173 The preface that the Jansenists have premised to their translation of the new testament. 1707Sloane Jamaica I. Pref., An Introduction,..which seemed necessary to be premised to the History itself. 1828Pusey Hist. Enq. i. 36 Premising to each article a definition.
†c. To imply beforehand; to presuppose. Obs.
1657–83Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 165 The very notion of the Soul's regeneration premising a generation.
d. Logic. To state in the premises. Also absol.
1684Burnet The. Earth i. iv. 48 The Apostle's discourse here was an argumentation..'tis an answer upon a ground taken, he premiseth and then infers. 1864Bowen Logic vii. 182 For if only some is premised, we cannot conclude all.
2. To make, do, perform, or use beforehand; esp. in Surg. and Med. to perform (an operation) or administer (a remedy) as the beginning of a course of treatment.
1542Udall Erasm. Apoph. 142 When Antonie (the signe of the holy crosse premised) had in the name of God demaunded. 1635E. Pagitt Christianogr. i. iii. (1636) 122 This solemne prayer being ended,..and the Lords prayer premised, all communicate. 1651Wittie Primrose's Pop. Err. iii. 171 They forbid to use them,..before that purging be premised. 1736Amyand in Phil. Trans. XXXIX. 337 The Limb was immediately cut off.., having first premised a Ligature about the Flesh surrounding the Vessels. 1787J. Collins in Med. Commun. II. 367 After premising a few drops of the antimonial wine,..I had recourse to the bark. 1836J. M. Gully Magendie's Formul. (ed. 2) 209 In the first case, of ulcers, I premised a seton in the arm.
3. transf. To preface or introduce (with, by something else).
1823Chalmers Serm. I. 448 Let me premise this head of discourse by admitting that I know nothing more hateful than the crouching spirit of servility. 1847Medwin Shelley I. 283, I shall premise it [the history] with a few observations.
†4.
a. To send before or in advance.
b. To send or bring before the time. Obs. rare.
c1540tr. Pol. Verg. Eng. Hist. (Camden No. 29) 104 The King premised certaine horsemen to beset all the sea coast. 1593[see premised 2]. |