| 释义 |
prosoˈpography
[f. Gr. πρόσωπον face, person: see -graphy. Cf. F. prosopographie.]
†1. A description of the person or personal appearance. Obs.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 613 Prosopographie is a picturing or representing of bodily lineaments. 1577–87Holinshed Chron. (1807) II. 110 Thus farre of the acts and deeds of Stephan: now..touching the prosopographie or description of his person. 1654Z. Coke Logick 212. 1813 Monthly Mag. XXXVI. 330 An historic character, says a German professor, should consist of two parts, the proso[po]graphy, or description of the person, and the ethopea, or description of the mind and manners.
2. [tr. mod.L. prosopographia.] A study or description of an individual's life and career; hence, historical inquiry, esp. in Roman hist., concerned with the study of (political) careers and family connections; a presentation of evidence relating to this study.
The German word prosopographie is attested at an earlier date than the English form, but with less specific methodological implications.
1929R. M. Dawkins Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia at Sparta x. 292 Account has been taken of the lettering, the formulae, and the prosopography. 1934R. Syme in Jrnl. Roman Stud. XXIV. 80 Of recent years prosopography, as it may conveniently be called, has been the object of a heightened interest coincident with the detailed study of the development and working of the imperial administration. 1954A. Momigliano in Cambr. Jrnl. Mar. 345 He [sc. M. I. Rostovtzeff] was lucky in being born early enough to escape the present ridiculous adoration of so⁓called prosopography (which, as we all know, claims to have irrefutably established the previously unknown phenomenon of family ties). 1959A. G. Woodhead Study Gk. Inscriptions iv. 47 A prosopography for the Argolid..and another for Macedonia..mark the beginnings of similar coverage for other parts of Greece. 1961Encounter Jan. 40/1 The technique which..has come to be known as prosopography: ‘the study of personalities’. 1968L. Durrell Tunc ii. 62 A queer sort of prosopography reigns over this section of time. 1969H. B. A. Petersson Anglo-Saxon Currency iv. 71 Prosopography, the comparative study of the personnel charged with the minting of a coinage. 1970Times Lit. Suppl. 13 Nov. 1326/4 Arthur Schlesinger, Jr., takes Mr. Powell as an exponent of ‘prosopography’, a term borrowed from the ancient historians. A prosopographer investigates ‘the common background characteristics of a group of actors in history by means of a collective study of their lives’. 1971A. H. M. Jones et al. (title) The prosopography of the later Roman Empire. 1973Proc. Brit. Acad. LVII. 429 The third and very important and permanent by-product of [A. H. M.] Jones's needs is the Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire... The other scholars who have brought the Prosopography into being will in the end have done the major part of the huge task, but Volume I at least will stand as a particular and lasting monument to Jones. 1973Jrnl. Interdisciplinary Hist. III. 543 (heading) The Prosopography of the Tudor University. Ibid. 544 On the theme of prosopography (or collective biography), the argument has tended to revolve around two distinct but related issues: the social status and numbers of those attending the universities. 1975Anglo-Saxon Eng. IV. 168 Dolley..infers from prosopography that the missing first element of the moneyer's name on this cut-halfpenny is not ægel- but some form of Leof-. 1976Times Lit. Suppl. 18 June 734/4 He [sc. C. E. Stevens] had a preoccupation..with ‘gutting the source’..and so likewise, whether their field be history (social, political, military or economic), historiography or prosopography, do the contributors whose work is assembled here to do him honour.
Hence prosoˈpographer, one who undertakes or is concerned with prosopography; prosopoˈgraphic(al) a., denoting the method of historical inquiry which makes use of prosopography; prosopoˈgraphically adv., in a prosopographical manner; as regards prosopography.
1930Antiquity IV. 526 During the period from the 4th. century to the Roman rehandling of the site a series of dedicatory inscriptions, mostly of the latter 1st. and 2nd. century a.d., accumulated. These Mr. Woodward describes with much prosopographic detail. 1933R. Syme in Classical Q. XXVII. 144 A mistake or a change of name must be assumed—or else we must believe that the grandfather received a second consulate from Augustus... The whole question has a more than prosopographical value. 1939― Roman Revolution p. viii, The index is mainly prosopographical in character. Ibid. p. ix, Many of them are bare names..and most of them will be unfamiliar to any but a hardened prosopographer. 1940A. Momigliano in Jrnl. Roman Stud. XXX. 77 Prosopographical research has the great virtue of reaching individuals or small groups, but does not explain their material or spiritual needs: it simply presupposes them. 1954Antiquity XXVIII. 127 The essay on prosopographical method is a useful introduction. 1959A. G. Woodhead Study Gk. Inscriptions iv. 46 This prosopographical study is particularly valuable for the social historian, but it may have its bearing on a variety of problems. Ibid. 47 Ptolemaic Egypt is prosopographically served by the Prosopographia Ptolemaica. 1961Encounter Jan. 40/2 Namier found his métier as the pioneer applier of the prosopographical technique. 1961Dolley & Skaare in R. H. M. Dolley Anglo-Saxon Coins 70 We believe that there is both epigraphical and prosopographical evidence to warrant a division of the coinage of æthelwulf into four distinct phases. 1967A. N. Sherwin-White Racial Prejudice in Imperial Rome ii. 53 Finally the sons of successful procurators become senators. This is a familiar tale in this prosopographical age. 1970Prosopographer [see above]. 1971Dædalus C. 55 The attitude toward the workings of politics taken by the early prosopographers appears to owe little to the writings of political theorists. Ibid. 66 The monks have also been studied prosopographically. 1971A. H. M. Jones et al. Prosopography of Later Roman Empire I. p. v, The project of a prosopographical dictionary of the Later Roman Empire was originated by Theodor Mommsen. 1973Times Lit. Suppl. 23 Feb. 209/4 A prosopographical register of some 779 wealthy individuals who lived in Athens during the sixth, fifth, or fourth centuries. 1975D. W. S. Hunt On Spot ix. 176 While I am in the prosopographical vein I shall imitate Plutarch by completing the other leaf of the diptych with a portrait of Lieutenant-Colonel Emeka Odumekwu Ojukwu, the Military Governor of the Eastern Region. |