| 释义 |
retribution|rɛtrɪˈbjuːʃən|
Also 4 -bucioun, 4–5 -ion, 5 -yon(e.
[a. OF. retribucion, -ution (mod.F. rétribution, = Sp. retribucion, It. re-, ritribuzione), or ad. L. retribūtiōn-em, noun of action f. retribuĕre: see retribute v.]
1. a. Repayment, recompense, return, for some service, merit, etc. Now rare.
1382Wyclif Col. iii. 24 Witinge that of the Lord ȝe schulen take retribucioun, or ȝeldinge aȝen, of heritage. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 340 Of hem comeþ retribucion, Þat ys þe ȝifte þat god ȝyeuþ to alle leelle lyuynge. 1412–20Lydg. Chron. Troy v. xxxvi, By merytorye retrybucyon. c1460G. Ashby Dicta Philos. 576 Your benefetis geuen to goode men Asken daily grete retribucion. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. i. xi. §5 Sith possession of blisse, though it should be but for a moment, were an aboundant retribution. 1612–5Bp. Hall Contempl., O.T. xix. ix, Never did a charitable act go away without the retribution of a blessing. 1642R. Carpenter Experience ii. viii. 195 God naturally hath no obligation to make retribution to a creature. 1672J. Josselyn New Eng. Rarities 31 Your bounty hath engaged a retribution of my gratitude. 1702Rowe Tamerl. iv. i, When a King rewards, 'tis ample Retribution. 1776Adam Smith W. N. i. x. (1869) I. 111 The counsellor at law..ought to receive the retribution..of his own so tedious and expensive education [etc.]. 1811Phil. Trans. CI. 175 It is but a feeble and just retribution of respect for the service which he has rendered to science. 1826Margravine of Anspach Mem. II. xii. 403 Deprived of the retributions due to her as widow of the Prince of Butera.
†b. Restitution, rendering back. Obs. rare.
1583Babington Commandm. 221 Wee honour them..in reuerence, obedience, and mayntainance of their state by retribution of some parte of that wee haue got by them. 1627Hakewill Apol. (1630) 113 Notwithstanding their [the elements] continuall transmutation, or transelementation,..of one into another, yet by a mutuall retribution it still remaines the same. 1850Thackeray Pendennis I. xxxvii. 355 She thought his retribution of the hundred pounds an act of angelic virtue.
2. a. day of retribution, the day on which divine reward or punishment will be assigned to men (now usually associated with sense 3); also generally, any day of punishment or nemesis.
1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 200 b, To preche the yere of grace & acceptacyon to god, & the daye of retribucyon. 1555Bradford in Coverdale Lett. Martyrs (1564) 278 Praying God our deare father in the day of his retribution to remember it. 1624Bp. R. Montagu Immed. Addr. 157 The full accomplishment of their consummation in Christ, in the day of the retribution of the Righteous. 1808Pike Sources Mississ. iii. (1810) App. 13 The day of retribution will come in thunder and in vengeance. 1856Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 114, I..am led to believe that even in this world the day of retribution rarely fails to come at last.
Comb.1801Southey Thalaba vii. xxv, As though the Retribution-day were come.
b. Recompense, in another life, for one's good or bad deeds in this world.
1633B. Jonson Underwoods, Eupheme ix. 49 Whither they must come..To have that finall retribution, Expected with the fleshe's restitution. 1667Milton P.L. iii. 454 All who have thir reward on Earth..here find Fit retribution, emptie as thir deeds. 1736Butler Anal. i. iii, The proof of a future state of retribution would rest upon the usual known arguments for it. 1809–10Coleridge Friend (1865) III. 354 The doctrine of retribution after death. 1858Neale Bernard de Morlaix 31 And divers retributions That divers merits claim.
3. A recompense for, or requital of, evil done; return of evil, etc.
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 223/1 To consider and learne the righteous retribution and wrath of God from heauen vpon all iniquitie. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xv. 76 In Revenges (that is, retribution of Evil for Evil). 1658T. Wall Charact. Enemies Ch. 43 It is the just retribution of God. 1702Rowe Tamerl. iv. i, And curse me, Prophet, if I not repay His hate, with retribution full as mortal. 1781Cowper Expost. 247 If vice receiv'd her retribution due When we were visited, what hope for you? 1840Macaulay Clive Ess. (1897) 518 Then was committed that great crime,..memorable for the tremendous retribution by which it was followed. 1876Farrar Marlb. Serm. ii. 13 The retribution which dogs the heels of vice. |