| 释义 |
retroaction|riːtrəʊ-, rɛtrəʊˈækʃən|
[ad. L. type *retroactio: see prec. and action n. So F. rétroaction, Sp. retroaccion, It. retroazione.]
†1. (Meaning not clear.) Obs.—1
1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 540/2 To proceed against them..concerning the foresaide hereticall and erroneous conclusions, accordyng to the forme of retroactions and qualitie of the busines in this behalfe had and vsed.
†2. ‘A driving backward’ (Phillips, 1658). Obs.
3. A retrospective action.
1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Retroactive, We have some instances of laws that have a retrospect or retroaction, i.e. are made with express design to extend to things already past. a1816Bentham Offic. Apt. Maximized, Introd. View (1830) 20 In the frugality here recommended, no retro⁓action is comprised.
4. a. Return action; reaction.
1829J. Sterling Ess. (1848) I. 71 The design which occupies by a necessary retroaction modifies the means whereby we seek to attain it. 1874G. Macdonald Malcolm III. iii. 34 The hatred of the grand old man had an element of unselfishness in its retroaction, of power in its persistency [etc.]. 1884Biggs Magn. Dyn. Electr. Mach. 267 Retro-action of the moving circuit on the fixed.
b. Psychol. The effect of later learning on the memory of what was learnt previously. Also attrib.
1949Postman & Egan Exper. Psychol. xvi. 378 Maximum retroaction occurs when original and interpolated learning are approximately equal in strength. 1953C. E. Osgood Methods & Theory in Exper. Psychol. xiii. 562 The fact that so-called ‘rest’ control groups show loss in retention has already been noted in connection with the logic of transfer and retroaction experiments. 1971L. Postman in J. W. Kling et al. Woodworth & Schlosberg's Exper. Psychol. xxi. 1110/2 The treatment corresponds to the rest condition in experiments on retroaction. |