| 释义 |
▪ I. reward, n.1|rɪˈwɔːd|
Also 4–6 rewarde; 5 Sc. reuard, revard, ravard, 6 raward; 5–7 Sc. rewaird (6 reu-, rev-).
[a. ONF. reward (rewart, roward, etc.), = OF. reguard, regard regard n.]
I.
†1. Regard, consideration, heed. In phrases with have, take, or give. Obs.
a.1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 163 Þat I did dishonour, Sir, haf it to no reward. 1390Gower Conf. I. 291 For it sit every man to have Reward to love and to his miht. 1426Lydg. in Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 134 Havyng no reward..To suerte nor othe ymade toforne. a1455in Lett. Marg. Anjou & Bp. Beckington (Camden) 99 Summe of yor officers, having no rewarde therto, unadvisely toke..the horses of our said tenants.
b.c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 1871 For þe dede til na man tas rewarde, Ne riche ne pover he spars. 1377Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 218 Therfore, gode sires, taketh reward Of ȝor douhti kyng that deyȝede in age. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 300 He schulde ay Holde him for a coward And neuere-more of him take reward. 1435in Wars Eng. in France (Rolls) II. 577 Not havyng nor taking rewarde unto the clamour of the peple. c1450Lovelich Grail lv. 511 Owre lord..took Reward to his Good lyf.
c.c1475Rauf Coilȝear 650 Bot to his raifand word he gaue na rewaird.
2. In prepositional phrases:
†a. in reward of, in comparison with. Obs.
1340Ayenb. 74 Vor al þet eure þoleden þe holy martires,..ne ys bote a beþ ine chald weter to þe reward of þe fornayse. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 147 In reward of whiche flamme oure fire is but lewk. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 183 Therfor the Deuil may Iustifye hym in rewarde of extorcioner. 1460–70Bk. Quintessence 2 As..[the] heuene of oure lord god, in reward of þe .iiij elementis, is yncorruptible & vnchaungeable.
†b. by reward of, by looking to. as to my reward, as seemed to me. Obs.
c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 21 Crist makeþ vs siker to dye for his lawe bi reward of þe blisse of heuene. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 23455 And also (as to my reward,) hir hed was turned ek bakward.
†c. in reward of, at the discretion of. Obs.—1
c1400Brut cxxvii, Y neuer him bitraede ne sloughe; and þerof y put me in rewarde of ȝour court.
†d. at one's reward, in the place or places at table lying outward from one. Obs.
1551Edw. VI Jrnl. (Roxb.) II. 363 She dined under the same cloth of estate, at my left hand. At her reward dined my cousen Fraunces and my cousen Magret. At mine sate the French embassadour.
†3.
a. Estimation, worth. Obs. rare.
1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 194 He sent to kyng R[ichard] a stede for curteisie, On of þe best reward, þat was in paemie. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 604 For þer is vch mon payed inliche, Wheþer lyttel oþer much be hys rewarde.
†b. dial. Colour, complexion. Obs.
1674Ray N.C. Words 38 A Reward or good Reward; a good colour or ruddiness in the face, used about Sheffield.
II.
4. a. A return or recompense made to, or received by, a person for some († favour,) service or merit, or for hardship endured; reward book, a book given as a prize at school.
13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 208 Of alle þyse aþel aungelez [he was] attled þe fayrest, & he vnkyndely as a karle kydde a reward. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xi. (Simon & Jude) 212 Þat he mycht gaynand revard mak to þame þat suthfaste fundyn war. c1400Destr. Troy 1879 For a riche reward of my ranke wille, All the soueranis by assent assignet me hir. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 130 Oone of his knyghtis for his Service askyd of hym a reward. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. (1885) 119 Yf the kynge be pouere, he shall of necessite make his giftes and rewardes by asseignementes. 1534More Treat. Passion Wks. 1304/1 Then was Judas rewarde the valure of tenne shillings of our English money. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 3 Wherin the diligent reader may see the good successe and rewarde of noble and honeste enterpryses. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 244 My brother and my selfe treated with him by the way, to giue him a reward that he would dismisse vs. 1655Fuller Ch. Hist. vii. 397 The King conferred the Manour of Exetland..on their Corporation, in reward of their loyalty and valour. 1710Steele Tatler No. 124 ⁋6 He scorned to take a Reward for doing what in Justice he ought to do. 1758Johnson Idler No. 6 ⁋6 She could at leisure gather her reward. 1832Irving Alhambra I. 255 ‘Behold’, cried the astrologer, ‘my promised reward’. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. iii. I. 326 The clergy had also lost the ascendency which is the natural reward of superior mental cultivation. 1876Voyle & Stevenson Milit. Dict. 342/1 The most recent reward for military merit is the Victoria Cross.
attrib.1820F. Westley's Catal. 1 May, The following Catalogue of Reward-books. 1865C. M. Yonge Clever Woman I. iii. 82 A summary pawning of all poor Lovedy's reward books. 1977W. Feaver When We were Young 92/1 The cheap, spongy paper of reward books and annuals.
†b. Hunting. Some part of the animal which has been caught and killed, given to the hounds on the spot. Also similarly in Hawking. Obs.
c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) xxxiii, One shulde be rydy behynde to pulle away þe skynne, and let þe houndes come to þe rewarde. 1486Bk. St. Albans e iij, Thay shall haue the bowyllis boyle with the brede Cast vppon the grownde ther the boore was slayne, And that is calde a Rewarde. 1575Turberv. Venerie 132 Let him stand from the rewarde and suffer the Houndes to eate it. 1614Latham Falconry i. iv. 15 If the pleasure which shee takes in her reward, be the only cause that moues a hawke to come vnto the man [etc.]. 1688Holme Armoury ii. 188/1 Quarry, or Reward, is a gift or reward given the Hounds, being some part of the thing hunted.
†c. Remuneration (regular or extra). Obs.
1428in Heath Grocers' Comp. (1869) 6 Mason's weages with maistre mason's rewarde... Carpenter's weages with the maistre carpenter's reward. c1440Promp. Parv. 431/2 Rewarde, for syngarys, and mynstrallys, siparium. 1466Paston Lett. II. 267 To the baker for cccx. eggs, xixd. To him for hys reward, iiis. iiiid. c1642Twyne in Wood's Life (O.H.S.) I. 64 They were promised 5s. by the moneth for every man as a reward besides his daily paye. 1776Adam Smith W.N. v. i. iii. (1904) II. 420 A little school, where children may be taught for a reward so moderate, that even a common labourer may afford it.
d. A sum of money offered for the capture or detection of a malefactor, discovery of a missing person, recovery of lost or stolen property, etc.
1593Shakes. 3 Hen. VI, v. v. 10 Is Proclamation made, That who finds Edward, Shall haue a high Reward, and he his Life? 1702Procl. in McCarthy Reign Q. Anne (1905) 60 Whoever shall discover the said Daniel De Foe..so as he may be apprehended shall have a reward of fifty pounds. 1722De Foe Col. Jack ii, He should publish a reward for the encouragement of those that have them to bring them again. 1820Shelley Hymn Merc. xliv, If you should promise an immense reward, I could not tell more than you now have heard. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iv. xii, Julius Handford.., for intelligence of whom a reward had been publicly offered. 1907M. E. Braddon Her Convict v, I don't think there was any reward offered. Scotland Yard is against rewards.
e. In phr. to go (pass, etc.) to one's reward, to die (and go to heaven). Also in ironic use. orig. U.S.
1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi li. 503 He went to his reward, whatever it was, two years ago. 1896J. Curtin tr. Sienkiewicz's Quo Vadis lxx. 521, He went to his reward like a conqueror. 1942E. Paul Narrow St. xxiii. 202 Vladimir de Pachmann..has recently died. I wept..when I read that the grand old poet of the piano..had gone to his reward at the age of eighty-five. 1949G. Davenport Family Fortunes iii. iv. 266 It was lucky for Mrs. Wilkens, Lou Belle thought, that her grandfather Aaron Toler had passed to his reward. 1975D. Lodge Changing Places ii. 49 His beloved parent had passed to her reward from this very bed. 1977D. Williams Treasure by Degrees ii. 19 When the old baggage was finally called to her reward..his own temporal benefit would be substantial.
f. Psychol. A recompense for a response which reinforces specific learning or behaviour. Freq. attrib., esp. as reward cell, reward centre, reward system, with reference to areas of the brain in or near the hypothalamus which, when stimulated, reward the organism with sensations of pleasure. Cf. punishment 1 b.
1907R. M. Yerkes Dancing Mouse vii. 100 In connection with the discussion of motives, it is an important fact that forms of reward are far harder to find than forms of punishment. 1912Jrnl. Animal Behavior II. 50 It seems evident from this experiment that a combination of punishment and reward-motives is more effective in bringing about visual discrimination in the rat than is either punishment or reward used alone. 1929Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. Oct. 173 Some experiments on the influence of the amount of food given as a reward on the rate at which young chickens learn. 1952E. L. & R. E. Hartley Fund. Social Psychol. ix. 274 Without reinforcement or reward, no connection will be established between response and motivation. 1956Sci. Amer. Oct. 108/3 At this point we assumed that the stimulus must provoke curiosity; we did not yet think of it as a reward. Ibid. 116/3 The main question..is to determine how the excited ‘reward’ cells act upon the specific sensory-motor systems. 1964M. Argyle Psychol. & Social Probl. ii. 26 A most interesting series of attempts to demonstrate the acquisition of drives by reward learning has been carried out with monkeys. 1974M. C. Gerald Pharmacol. x. 186 Drugs capable of causing the release of norepinephrine,..are able to increase the rate of self-stimulation when electrodes are placed in the reward center. Ibid., The reward system is located in the medial forebrain bundle. 1977E. L. Deci in von H. Gilmer & Deci Industrial & Organizational Psychol. (ed. 4) viii. 208 Intrinsic rewards are ones which a person administers to himself or herself.
5. Recompense or retribution for evil-doing; requital, punishment.
1388Wyclif Isaiah lxvi. 6 The vois of the Lord ȝeldynge a reward to hise enemyes. c1400Brut cxcviii. 221 A, sire traitoure!..now shal ȝe haue þe reward þat longetyme ȝe haue diserued. c1410Sir Cleges 437 He sowght after the prowghd styward, For to yeve hym hys reward, Becavse he grevyd hym sore. 1535Coverdale Ps. x[i]. 6 Vpon the vngodly he shal rayne..storme and tempest: this rewarde shal they haue to drynke. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. v. 14 He from daunger was releast,..Yet not escaped from the dew reward Of his bad deedes. 1610Healey St. Aug. Citie of God i. xiv. (1620) 15 The just reward that our first parents received for their sinne. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 655 Thy great Misdeeds have met a due Reward. 1819Shelley Cenci i. i. 23 That which the vassal threatened to divulge Whose throat is choked with dust for his reward. 1874Stubbs Const. Hist. I. ii. 31 Hanging was the reward of treason and desertion.
†6. An extra supply or allowance of food; an extra dish. Obs.
c1440Promp. Parv. 431/2 Rewarde, at mete, whan fode fallythe [v.r. faylyth] of the seruyce. Ibid., Rewarde, yn þe ende of mete, of frutys, impomentum. c1450Bk. Curtasye iii. 423 Whenne brede faylys at borde aboute, The marshalle gares sett withouten doute More brede, that calde is a rewarde. 1523in Ann. Reg. (1758) 267/1 At dyner, a pese of beyf, a stroke of roste, and a rewarde at our said kechyn. 1530Palsgr. 262/2 Rewarde of meate, entremetz.
▪ II. † reward, n.2 Obs. rare.
= rearward n.
c1440Partonope 989 He sendith to his rewarde tho That they shull make hem redy And come hym to. 1515Scottish Field 408 in Chetham Misc. (1856) II, Thus the Reward in aray rayked ever after.
▪ III. reward, v.|rɪˈwɔːd|
Also 6 Sc. rewaird.
[a. ONF. rewarder, = OF. reguarder, regarder to regard.]
I.
†1. trans. To regard, heed, consider; to look at or observe. Obs.
c1315Shoreham iii. 227 Þye senne schal sle þe, Ȝyf þou rewardest þyne eldrynges nauȝt. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 294 A child of þat land..Edward sauh him stand, þe Flemmynges to reward. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 145 If ye riche haue reuthe and rewarde wel þe pore. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 217 Rewarde this figure and telle vs the qualyteis..of Suche a man as this figure Presentyth. c1475Partenay 2367 Hit you behouith rewarde and behold Ho shall doo gouerne and rule this contre.
†2. To agree; to determine or decide. Obs.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 312 Hit ys rewardet ous two be twyne þat Olyuer schal wende & take þe batayl wiþ þe ȝond Sarsyne. Ibid. 3463 ‘Ȝus,’ quaþ Roland, ‘y wil it do, If ȝe rewardieþ it shel be so’. c1440Alph. Tales 359 And þan he [the judge] rewardid at þe clew sulde be won of, & sho at said sothe of þe bothom sulde hafe it.
†3. intr. To look; to give heed. Obs. rare.
1382Wyclif Job xxxix. 24 Feruent and gnastende he soupeth the erthe; and rewarde he not to the trumpe sounende trumping. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 174 He rewardid aboute, and Sawe an olde knyght quakynge for colde. c1430Bk. Hawkyng in Reliq. Antiq. l. 296 If there be eny hawke, and she rewarde gladly to her game, ye shull say cast your hawke thereto.
II.
†4. trans. To assign or give (to one) as a reward or recompense. Obs.
c1320Cast. Love (Halliwell) 1662 Receyvyth the blysfull joy anon That to ȝow byth rewarded withoutyn endenge. c1370Stacions Rome (Vernon MS.) 100 Pope Vrban þat holy syre So rewardede men heore huyre. 1393Test. Ebor. (Surtees) I. 185 It es my will that ye reward sumwhat to ilkane of my seruandes. 1426Audelay Poems 13 He that is untreu to his lorde..The law wyl hym reward deth to his mede. 1475Bk. Noblesse (Roxb.) 14 For whois raunson..king Edwarde rewarded the Prince xx. Ml. li. sterlinges. 1535Coverdale Ps. xxxvii[i]. 20 They that rewarde me euell for good, speake euell of me. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xxiv. 17 Thou hast rewarded mee good, whereas I haue rewarded thee euill. c1650Metrical Ps. Scotch Ch. vii. 4 If I rewarded ill to him.
5. To repay, requite, recompense (one) for some service, merit, etc.
c1350Will. Palerne 3840 What man vpon molde so may him me bring, I schal riuedli him rewarde. 1390Gower Conf. II. 133 Bot he rewarde him for his dede, So as he mihte of his godhiede. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xi. 49 Scho was wele rewarded, as scho was wele worthy. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. xi. (1885) 136 For lakke off money, the kyng than rewarded þam with lande. 1484Caxton Fables of æsop ii. xix, I..praye the that thow wylt reward me of the grete seruyse whiche I haue done to the. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lix. 204, I abandonyd to you all that I had; yll it hath ben employed without ye rewarde me better. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. iii. i. 134 There is remuneration, for the best ward of mine honours is rewarding my dependants. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xxx. 183 To Reward those that aspire to greatnesse. 1685Baxter Paraphr. N.T. Matt. xvi. 27 Then I will reward those that were faithful to me. 1744Harris Three Treat. i. (1765) 3, I shall think myself well rewarded in the Labour of reciting. 1781Cowper Truth 218 He..Consults all day your int'rest and your ease, Richly rewarded if he can but please. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 83 Sir Edward publicly apostatized, and was rewarded with the command of a regiment of foot. 1872Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lakes (1879) 224 The toil is forgotten when the highest point is attained, for a magnificent view rewards the traveller.
†b. Hunting and Hawking. (Cf. reward n.1 4 b.) Obs.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1610 With bred blent þer-with his braches [he] rewardez. c1410Master of Game (MS. Digby 182) Prol., Whann the hert is spaied and dede he vndothe hym and maketh his kirre and enquirreth or rewardeþ his houndes. 1486Bk. St. Albans b iiij, If she will forsake the fowle that she plumyth on,..then..rewarde yowre hawke with the Brayne and the necke. 1575Turberv. Venerie 134 Call hir to your fist wyth meat.., and when she commeth rewarde hir well. Ibid. 174 How you shall rewarde your houndes when they haue killed an Hare. 1614Latham Falconry i. v. 18 So reward her with cleanlie feed.
†c. To give (one) something out of a legacy.
1482Paston Lett. III. 288, I wull that iche of myn other godchilder be rewarded by th' avyse of John Paston, my sone. 16..in Mills Ordin. Isle of Man (1821) 47 Then the Ordinary shall make..his next of Kindred..to be lawful Executors: and the base begotten to be rewarded of Charity.
†d. To serve with food. Obs. rare.
c1440in Househ. Ord. (1790) *38 When my lady is served of the seconde course,..the chamber is rewarded and the hall with breade and ale, after the discretyon of the usher.
6.
†a. To make up for (a deficiency). Obs.—1
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xv. c. (Bodl. MS.), What lakkeþ in þis londe in quantite of space is rewarded & recouered in godenes of grounde.
b. To requite, to make return for (a service, merit, exertion, etc.).
a1533Ld. Berners Huon lvi. 189 The grete seruyce..shall be euen ryght well rewarded. 1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits (1596) xiii. 201 Rome..did..reward..their temperancy in abstaining from wine. a1618Raleigh Rem. (1664) 110 A crop of cares rewarding your labour with remorse. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 72 That Crop rewards the greedy Peasant's Pains. 1748Foote Knights Prol., The pious boy, his father's toil rewarding, For thousands throws a main at Covent-Garden! 1781Cowper Hope 761 Still happier, if he till a thankful soil, And fruit reward his honourable toil. 1836Random Recoll. Ho. Lords ix. 186 The discovery, when made, would not at all reward the labour expended in the search. 1862Sir B. Brodie Psychol. Inq. II. iv. 113 The most upright and virtuous intentions are not always rewarded by happiness in proportion.
7. a. To requite or repay (one) for evil-doing; to punish, chastise.
1484Caxton Fables of æsop v. iv, Who so euer rendreth euylle for good he shalle therof iustly be rewarded. 1519Fabric Rolls York Minster (Surtees) 269 One of them..sawe there were no dogges nor bryborse in ye Churche, bot tha wolde rewarde thame. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 132 b, They were rewarded with the losse of their heades. 1611Bible 2 Sam. iii. 39 The Lord shall reward the doer of euill, according to his wickednesse. 1671Milton Samson 413 Servil mind Rewarded well with servil punishment!
b. To pay back (injury or wrong) to one; to visit upon one. rare.
c1420Anturs of Arth. 525, I shal rewarde þe þi route, if I cone rede righte. 1535Coverdale Judges ix. 57 All the euell of the men of Sichem, dyd God rewarde them vpon their heade. 1560Bible (Genev.) Hosea iv. 9, I wil visit their wayes vpon them, and rewarde them their dedes.
8. absol. To make recompense.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 316 But after þe dede þat is don One dome shal rewarde. 1613Chapman Mask Inns of Court, To employ with countenance, and encouragement, but reward with austerity and disgrace.
▪ IV. † reˈward, pa. pple. Obs.
[Irreg. from prec.]
Rewarded.
1567Pikeryng Horestes 491 (Brandl), Soffer him not for to depart, tyll well reward he be. 1574R. Robinson Rewarde of Wickednesse S j b, All these I knewe and many moe,..That for their trauels were rewarde. |