| 释义 |
‖ rhesus|ˈriːsəs|
[mod.L., arbitrary use of L. Rhēsus, Gr. Ῥῆσος, a mythical king of Thrace; a. specific name of Macacus rhesus, formerly Simia rhesus (J. B. Audebert Histoire naturelle des Singes (1799) ii. 5).]
1. In full, rhesus monkey: one of the macaques, Macaca mulatta, an Indian monkey. Also rhesus macaque.
1827E. Griffith et al. tr. Cuvier's Animal Kingdom I. 289 The pig-tailed baboon, or Rhesus of Audebert, is the short-tailed Macaque of Buffon. 1839Penny Cycl. XIV. 236/1 [The tail] rather more developed in the Wanderoo and Rhesus than in the Magot and Papio niger. 1841Ibid. XIX. 448/2 Rhesus Monkey, a species of Simiadæ. 1859Wood Illustr. Nat. Hist. I. 52. 1906 E. Ingersoll Life Animals: Mammals 30 The widespread little yellowish Bengal or rhesus monkey..abounds in northern India. 1932S. Zuckerman Social Life Monkeys vi. 88 More has been written about the reproductive mechanisms of the Rhesus macaque than about those of all the other primates together. 1948Psychol. Abstr. XXII. 381/2 Large numbers of rhesus monkeys living in a semi-natural environment are shown with special emphasis on social interactions. 1967J. R. & P. H. Napier Handbk. Living Primates iii. 375 In spite of Fooden's proposition..that the crab-eating macaque, M. fascicularis, and the rhesus macaque, M. mulatta, should be considered conspecific, they are here retained as separate species. 1976Amer. Jrnl. Vet. Res. XXXVII. 969/1 Rhesus macaques have been selected most for studying radiation sickness. 1978D. Symons in E. O. Smith Social Play in Primates 209 Long term studies of free ranging rhesus monkeys indicate that the ranks of females and immature males are determined by the political milieu into which they are born.
2. Med. Used attrib. and in Comb. with reference to a major blood group consisting of three principal antigens to which naturally occurring antibodies are rare, and which are important because hæmolytic disease of the newborn is usually the result of antibodies produced in the blood of a rhesus-negative mother in response to the rhesus-positive blood of the fetus; (so called from being first discovered in the rhesus monkey); as rhesus agglutinogen, rhesus antibody, rhesus antigen, rhesus incompatibility, rhesus system; rhesus baby, an infant suffering from hæmolytic disease of the newborn owing to incompatibility between its own rhesus-positive blood and its mother's rhesus-negative blood; rhesus factor, any or all of the rhesus antigens, esp. the most important one; rhesus-negative a., lacking the most important and common rhesus antigen, and therefore able to produce antibodies to it; so rhesus-positive a., having this antigen.
1941Amer. Jrnl. Obstetr. & Gynecol. XLII. 925 In the great majority of the cases the blood factor involved has been shown to be either identical with or related to the Rh (Rhesus) agglutinogen first described by Landsteiner and Wiener with the aid of rabbit sera prepared by injection of Rhesus blood. 1945Nature 5 May 542/1 (heading) The new rhesus antibody. 1973Nursing Times 24 May 668/2 Particular attention was paid to blood tests for Rhesus antibodies.
1947G. F. Roberts Rhesus Factor i. 5 The rhesus antigen, being foreign to the recipient, provoked the formation of an antibody which would agglutinate rhesus positive red cells. 1950Sci. News XV. 121 On the left is part of the surface of the red cell bearing a configuration which is responsible for the specificity of the rhesus antigen.
1967Spectator 8 Dec. 706/1 A new serum to save rhesus babies was developed in Britain. 1968Sci. Amer. Nov. 49/2 Among the 850,000 births each year in Britain,..the number of ‘rhesus’ babies is probably not more than about 5,000.
1942Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 7 Mar. 843/1 Statistical data on the Rh (Rhesus) factor. 1958Listener 17 July 87/1 In 1939 Levine..found a fourth system [of blood-groups], which has been named the Rhesus factor. 1969Times 6 May 12/5 Incompatibility arises between the mother and her fœtus when the latter alone carries the Rhesus blood group factor.
1947G. F. Roberts Rhesus Factor v. 32 The question of rhesus incompatibility must..be considered in terms of C, D and E. 1971H. & M. Brant Dict. Pregnancy, Childbirth & Contraception 204 Rhesus incompatibility does not..cause any defect in development of the baby such as a hole in the heart or the blue baby condition.
1943Brit. Med. Jrnl. 4 Sept. 293/2 Treat these infants by transfusion with rhesus-negative blood, free of agglutinins and thus test out the recommendation that rhesus-negative blood would produce better results than rhesus-positive blood. 1950Sci. News XV. 126 The rhesus negative characteristic is almost unknown in the Far East. 1961P. Mason Common Sense about Race i. iii. 52 In Britain five persons out of six are classed as Rhesus positive in the Rhesus blood-group system, while one in six is Rhesus negative. 1971J. Z. Young Introd. Study Man xl. 587 In the majority of pregnancies Rhesus-negative women do not..become immunised by a Rhesus-positive foetus.
1943, etc. Rhesus-positive [see rhesus-negative above]. 1958Listener 17 July 87/1 The Rhesus system has been of service not only in making the medical profession to some extent genotype-conscious but in demonstrating the genetic complexity of the regions of the germ-plasm responsible for blood-group polymorphisms. 1974P. Svendsen Introd. Animal Physiol. x. 113 About twenty different blood group systems are known in man. Of these the ABO and the rhesus systems are the most important. |