| 释义 |
▪ I. assoil, v.|əˈsɔɪl|
Forms: 3–4 asoyl-en, -y, asoil-en, -y, 3–6 asoyle, -oile, 4 asoyli, -lye, asoilie, assoill-en, -i, assoil-en, 4–6 assoyle, assoille, 4–7 assoile, 5 assole, 5–7 assoyl, 6 asoylle, 5– assoil. Scotch 5 assolyhe (= assolȝe), 6 assolye, assoilȝe, -ye, -ze, 7 assolzie, -oylle, 7– assoilzie. Aphet. 5–6 soile, soyle.
[f. OF. a(s)soille pres. subj., a(s)soil pres. indic. of a(s)soldre, a(s)soudre:—L. absolŭĕre = absolvĕre to absolve, f. ab from + solvĕre to loose. Other forms of the infinitive in OF. (the first two also in AF.) were a(s)soilier, a(s)soiler, a(s)solier, a(s)soillir, a(s)solir, as if:—L. *absoluēre. L. ˈsolŭĕre gave OF. ˈsolre, ˈsoldre, as ˈbatŭĕre, ˈquatŭŏr gave batre, quatre, and voluērunt, *ˈvolŭĕrunt gave volrent, voldrent; with the variants a(s)soilier, a(s)oillir, compare other OF. double forms, as tesir, taire:—L. tacēre, *tacĕre, and plesir, plaire:—L. placēre, *placĕre. Subsequently refashioned in Fr. as absoudre, and in Eng. as absoil, which paved the way for the modern absolve, formed directly from the L. after 1500. The Fr. l mouillé, lost in Eng., was as usual retained in Scotch, and symbolized by lȝ, lyh, ly, now corruptly written lz, whence the current assoilzie (əsˈoɪljɪ, əsˈoɪlɪ).]
I. To assoil a person.
1. To absolve from sin, grant absolution to, pardon, forgive; = absolve 2. ‘Whom God assoil!’ (OF. que Dieu assoille! L. quem Deus absolvat!): an ejaculatory prayer for the departed. arch.
1297R. Glouc. 464 No man, bote þe pope one, hem asoyly ne myȝte. 1340Ayenb. 172 Þet he habbe power him to asoyli and him penonce to anioyni. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1882 Of absolucioun he on þe segge calles, & he asoyled hym. 1426Pol. Poems II. 131 As wele on his ffader side, Henry the fifth, whom God assoille, as by Kateryne quene of Englond, his modir, whom God assoile. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. i. 564 Pray devoutly for the soule whom God assoile. 1638Penit. Conf. vii. (1657) 132 God remitting whomsoever the Priest assoileth. 1816Scott Antiq. xxvi, ‘God assoilzie her!’ ejaculated old Elspeth..‘His mercy is infinite.’ c1840De Quincey Autobiog. Sk. Wks. II. 102 Oxford might avail to assoil me.
b. of, from the sin. arch.
1297R. Glouc. 501 The pope of alle hor sunnes asoileth alle the Barons & kniȝtes. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 185 To asoylye men of alle manere synnes. 1508Fisher Wks. i. 44 Be assoyled clene from synne of theyr ghostly fader. 1551Abp. Hamilton Catech. 151 b (Jam.) The wordis of absolutioun..I assoilye the fra thi synnis. 1596Drayton Legends iv. 857 Secretly assoyling of his sin. 1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 112 Acquitted and assoiled from the guilt of all our sins.
c. from purgatory. (Cf. senses 2 and 5.) arch.
1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 21/1 And assoylle the synnars whan thou descendest into helle. 1828Scott F.M. Perth II. 299 He will be freed from purgatory the sooner that good people pray to assoilzie him.
†2. To absolve or set free from excommunication or other ecclesiastical sentence. Obs.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 139 Heo þat ben Curset in Constorie counteþ hit not at a Russche..Heo is asoyled as sone as hire-self lykeþ. c1450Merlin xxvii. 560 The londe was assoiled by the legat. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. viii. (1632) 578 Vntil he were assoyled of his excommunication. 1660R. Coke Power & Subj. 206 If any Bishop do excommunicate any person..the King may write to the Bishop, and command him to assoyl, and absolve the party. 1691Blount Law Dict., Assoile (absolvere) Signifies to deliver, pardon, or set free from an Excommunication.
†3. To set free, discharge, or release (of, from obligations, liabilities); = absolve 5. Obs.
1366Mandeville iii. 18 To whom God ȝaf his pleyn Power, for to bynde and to assoille. 1382Wyclif 1 Macc. x. 29 Now y assoile you, and alle Jewis, of tributis. 1460J. Capgrave Chron. 143 The same Pope..cursed him, and asoiled al his barones fro that feith whech they had mad to him. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 266/2 She..was assoilled of her vowe. 1650S. Clarke Eccl. Hist. (1654) I. 507 A lawful oath, from which no man can assoile you.
4. To acquit (a person) of a criminal charge, to pronounce not guilty, to clear; = absolve 4. Const. of, from. arch. (see b.)
1528More Heresyes iii. Wks. 211/2 Than may the iudges acquite and assoyle the defendaunt. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Matt. xviii. 92 Whom Cesar doth condemne, God sumtime doth assoyle. 1647Cromwell Let. 11 Mar. xxv. (Carl.) The houses did assoil the army from all suspicion. a1667Jer. Taylor Serm. (1678) 88 Many persons think themselves fairly assoiled, because they are..not of scandalous Lives. 1832Lamb Lett. ii. (1841) 82 If the candlestick be not removed, I assoil myself.
b. esp. in Sc. Law, where assoilzie (i.e. assoilȝie, assoilyie) is still the proper term for: To acquit by sentence of court.
1603–5Sir J. Melvil Mem. (1735) 155 Being assoilzied he continued the greatest Favourite at Court. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. iv. xxviii. (Jam.) The malefactour assoilyied at the instance of the partie. a1691Sir G. Mackenzie in Stewart's Trial (1753) 143 The chief actor must be first discussed, and either found guilty or assoilzied. 1800A. Carlyle Autobiog. 235 Clear in their judgement that the panel should be assoilzied and the Presbytery taken to task. 1865Morn. Star 5 Dec., The action could not be maintained, and the defendants were entitled to be assoillzied.
5. To release, deliver, set free; to discharge. Const. of, from. arch.
1401Pol. Poems (1859) II. 38 When ye han assoiled me..In truth I shall soile thee of thine orders. 1502Arnold Chron. 280 The sayd bysshop now beyng cardynal, was assoiled of his bisshoprich of Wynchester. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. x. 52 Till from her bands the spright assoiled is. 1658Ussher Ann. vi. 400 To assoile all the sea craft of Thracia from the power and jurisdiction of Philippus. a1845Hood Open Quest. xv, What harm if men who burn the midnight-oil..Seek once a week their spirits to assoil? 1850Mrs. Browning Wks. I. 330 Death's mild curfew shall from work assoil.
II. To assoil a thing.
†6. To unloose the knot of (difficulty or doubt); to clear up, solve, or resolve; = absolve 6. Obs. (In this sense freq. soyle, soil in 16th c. Cf. soil v.)
c1374Chaucer Boeth. v. iii. 154 Þat þei mowen assoilen and vnknytten þe knot of þis questioun. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 236 Þis asketh dauid; And dauyd assoileth it hymself. 1485Caxton Trevisa's Higden (1527) 1 This questyon and doubte is easy to assoyle. 1513Douglas æneis vii. ii. 138 The pepill..thar petitiouns gettis assolȝeit heir. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark xi. 28 Soyle me this question. a1593H. Smith Serm. 259 Nebuchadnezzar cannot assoile his owne dreame. 1602Warner Alb. Eng. xiii. lxxvii. 318 Sybil assoiling Oracles in Caue. 1696Whiston Th. Earth (1722) 65 Fewer difficulties in the..Books themselves, than in the..very Comments which ought to assoil 'em.
†7. To refute (an objection or argument). Obs.
c1370Wyclif Wks. (1880) 388 Argumentis þat may not be asoylid. c1449Pecock Repr. i. xix. 78 A good clerk couthe not assoile the firste obieccioun. 1655W. Gurnall Chr. in Arm. ii. 587 For the fuller assoyling this objection. 1721Strype Eccl. Mem. I. xxxviii. 300 To confute the pope's primacy..and to assoyl Pole's arguments.
8. To purge oneself from, purge, expiate, atone for. (From 1, 2.) arch.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. vi. 25 Well weeting how their errour to assoyle. 1601Holland Pliny I. 453 To expiate and assoile the carnage and execution don vpon the enemies. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 162 To assoil crimes or accusations—i.e. to free himself from them. 1879E. Arnold Lt. Asia viii. (1881) 228 Let each act Assoil a fault or help a merit grow.
†9. To acquit oneself of, or discharge (an obligation). (From 3.) Obs. rare.
1596Spenser Daphn. lxxvii, Till that you come where ye your vowes assoyle.
†10. To discharge, get rid of, dispel (a thing). (From 5.) Obs. rare.
1596Spenser F.Q. iv. v. 30 In seeking him that should her payn assoyle. Ibid. iii. i. 58 She soundly slept, and carefull thoughts did quite assoile.
¶ Catachr. for soil, sully.
1845Disraeli Sybil 290 Is it that the world has assoiled my soul? Yet I have not tasted of worldly joys.
▪ II. † aˈssoil, n. Obs. rare.
[f. prec. vb.]
Solution, explanation.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 198 By way of riddle (Enigma) of which the sence can hardly be picked out, but by the parties owne assoile. |