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▪ I. rhyme, n.|raɪm|
Also 6–9 rhime.
[Graphic variant of rime n.1 (q.v. for earlier instances of the various senses), which arose through etymological association with the ultimate source, L. rhythmus, and became common early in the 17th c. Cf. the forms r(h)ithme, r(h)ythme (see rhythm n., branch I), which were in similar vogue 50 years earlier. Rhime was a frequent spelling till late in the 18th c. and was affected by some writers in the 19th c., but rhyme is the prevailing literary form.
An isolated early instance of this spelling is the following:—
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Rhythmus, number or harmonie in speakyng; meeter; rhime.]
1. A piece of poetry or metrical composition in which the consonance of terminal sounds (see 3) is observed; usually pl., verses, poetry.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. 494 These foure, a Monke..knit up within this Rhyme. 1637Milton Lycidas 11 He knew Himself to sing, and build the lofty rhyme. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. ii. 532 Thus Roman Youth deriv'd from ruin'd Troy, In rude Saturnian Rhymes express their Joy. 1750Gray Elegy 79 With uncouth rhimes and shapeless sculpture deck'd. 1765Foote Commissary ii. Wks. 1799 II. 34, I made these rhimes into a duet for a new comic opera. 1800Wordsw. Hart-Leap Well ii. 122 The Shepherd..that same story told Which in my former rhyme I have rehearsed. 1804Irving Lives Sc. Poets I. 326 It is..certain that he composed Latin rhymes; for one of his couplets has been preserved. 1850Tennyson In Mem. cvi, Ring out, ring out my mournful rhymes.
2. Verse marked by consonance of the terminal sounds (see 3).
a. In phr. in rhyme.
1652R. Brome Damoiselle iv. i, We will off in Rhime. There is no doubt, If Wat be not i'th Compter, he is out. 1664Butler Hud. ii. i. 27 But those that write in Rhime, still make The one Verse for the others sake. 1667Milton P.L. i. 16 Things unattempted yet in Prose or Rhime. 1706A. Bedford Temple Mus. vii. 125 That the Hebrew Psalms were Originally written in Rhyme; but..the Words have been so transposed, that the Rhymes are generally lost. 1756Warton Ess. Pope Ded. p. v, That the Epistles of Boileau in Rhyme, are no more poetical, than the Characters of La Bruyere in Prose. 1816Mitford Gray's Wks. I. p. clii, The difficulty of composing in rhyme in French plays, is a great cause of the pleasure which we receive in the composition. 1817Coleridge Biog. Lit. xx, Whether in rhyme or blank-verse. 1885T. Watts in Encycl. Brit. XIX. 257/2 We listen to the poet—we allow him to address us in rhythm or in rhyme.
b. In general use.
1711J. Greenwood Eng. Gram. Pref. 19 The Lord's Prayer was..turn'd into Rhime, that the People might more easily learn..it. 1781Cowper Ep. Lady Austen 19, I, who scribble rhyme. 1820Keats Isabella xx, To make old prose in modern rhyme more sweet. 1837Lockhart Scott I. v. 160 He makes no allusion to Scott as ever dabbling in rhyme. 1858Ruskin in Igdrasil (1891) III. 163 The language is poetical in precisely the same degree in which it is right... There is no such thing as a dialect for rhyme, or a language for verse.
c. rhyme royal, that form of verse which consists of stanzas of seven ten-syllable lines, riming a b a b b c c. (See rhythm n. 1 b.)
1841Latham Eng. Lang. 381. 1873 H. Morley Eng. Lit. v, Chaucer's own seven-lined stanza, which..has been called rhyme royal, because this particular disciple [sc. James I of Scotland] used it. 1903Q. Rev. Apr. 454 Gower's rhyme-royal is not inferior to Chaucer's in any formal respect.
d. See riding rhyme.
3. Pros. Agreement in the terminal sounds of two or more words or metrical lines, such that (in English prosody) the last stressed vowel and any sounds following it are the same, while the sound or sounds preceding are different. Examples: which, rich; grew, too; peace, increase; leather, together; descended, extended.
The consonance may extend over more than one word, as blow not, grow not. For the various kinds, see female, feminine, male, masculine, rich, tailed, and c below. Imperfect rimes are tolerated to a large extent in English, e.g. phase, race; did, seed; among these are such as rime only to the eye, as loved, proved; death, heath.
The term is sometimes extended to include assonance and even alliteration (initial or head rime).
1663Butler Hud. i. i. 463 For Rhime the Rudder is of Verses, With which like Ships they stear their courses. 1674A. M[arvell] in Milton P.L., Thy Verse created like thy Theme sublime, In Number, Weight, and Measure, needs not Rhime. 1740Cibber Apol. (1756) I. 104 In Dryden's plays of rhime he as little as possible glutted the ear with the jingle of it. 1838Guest Hist. Eng. Rhythms I. 174 The advantages of the initial rhime or alliteration. Ibid. 316 The vowel-rhime, or, as it is termed by French and Spanish critics, the assonant rhime, was common in the Romance of Oc. 1846Lowell Biglow P. ii. Let., This is not the time to consider the question, whether rhyme be a mode of expression natural to the human race. 1861T. Wright Ess. Archæol. II. xx. 159 Rhyme was never, properly speaking, in use in Anglo-Saxon poetry. 1867Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 162 Rhyme is the native condition of lyric verse in English: a rhymeless lyric is a maimed thing. 1871Abbott Shakesp. Gram. §515 Rhyme was often used as an effective termination at the end of the scene.
fig.1820Keats Isabella ix, His erewhile timid lips grew bold, And poesied with hers in dewy rhyme. 1870Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. i. (1873) 224 Of which he was as unaware as the blue river is of its rhyme with the blue sky.
b. Coupled with reason. Chiefly in negative phrases used to express lack of good sense or reasonableness. (Cf. F. ni rime ni raison, etc.)
1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 415 Against all the Laws of Prophetick Interpretation, nay indeed against all rhyme and reason. 1759Wesley in Wks. (1872) IX. 109 If a man set upon me without either rhyme or reason. 1863Dickens Uncomm. Trav. xx, Five hundred thousand volumes of indifferent rhyme, and no reason. 1875Encycl. Brit. III. 548/2 As long as the audiences of our large theatres are willing to tolerate outrages on rhyme and reason. 1887Rider Haggard Jess xi, When a person on whom one is accustomed to depend..suddenly cuts off the supply without any apparent rhyme or reason. 1888‘R. Boldrewood’ Robbery under Arms II. xi. 181 This won't do. There's neither rhyme nor reason about it.
c. An instance of this; a word that rimes with another; a rime-word.
single rhyme, double rhyme, triple (or treble) rhyme: one involving one, two, three syllables respectively.
1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, To Dr. Scarborough Note ii. 2 Find, Refind: These kind of Rhymes the French..call Rich Rhymes; but I do not allow of them in English, nor would use them..at all without a third Rhyme to answer to both. 1693J. Dennis Misc. Pref., Mr. Dryden himself in his own Satyrs has sometimes made use of double and treble Rhymes. 1709Pope Ess. Crit. 349 While they ring round the same unvary'd chimes, With sure returns of still expected rhymes. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., Rhymes are either single, or double, or triple... Single Rhymes are divided into perfect or whole rhymes, and imperfect or half rhymes. 1779Johnson L.P., Cowley Wks. 1787 II. 66 His rhymes are very often made by..unimportant words, which disappoint the ear. 1836Mitford Gray's Wks. I. p. cxv, Such imperfect rhymes [beech: stretch] are not allowable in short and finished poems. 1866Chamb. Encycl. VIII. 233/2 Such words as roaring, de-ploring, form double rhimes; and an-nuity, gra-tuity, triple rhimes. 1867Ellis E.E. Pronunc. i. iii. 73 Rhymes at the latter end of the xvith and during the xviith centuries are not of much use in determining sound, unless they are frequent..normal rhymes.
4. attrib. and Comb., as (sense 1) rhyme-hero, rhyme-maker; rhyme-composing, rhyme-inspiring, rhyme-proof; (senses 2 and 3) rhyme-analogy, rhyme-compulsion, rhyme-form, rhyme-law, rhyme-sound, rhyme-syllable, rhyme-tag, rhyme-type, rhyme-word; rhyme-beginning, rhyme-like, rhyme-tagged, rhyme-unfettered; rhyme scheme, the ordered patterning of end-rhymes in metrical composition; rhyme sheet, a broadsheet containing verses for display.
1930A. W. Aron in Curme Vol. Linguistic Studies 19 By *rhyme-analogy we mean the associational process by which the gender of a word is influenced by other words with similar suffixes or other similar endings.
1862Furnivall E.E.P. (Philol. Soc.) p. x, A *Rhyme-Beginning Fragment, or Specimen of Inverse Rhyme.
1785Burns Ep. to W. Simpson 97 Farewell, ‘my *rhyme-composing brither!’
1923R. Graves Feather Bed 17 Sacred Carnivals trundle through my mind, With *Rhyme-compulsion mottoing each waggon.
1927W. E. Collinson Contemp. Eng. 7 *Rhyme-forms which have aroused H. G. Wells' anger, like roly-poly. 1934Rhyme-form [see letter-name s.v. letter n.1 8 a].
1867Furnivall & Hales in Percy Folio I. 272 Simon de Montfort was a most popular *rhime-hero.
1787Burns To Miss Ferrier 4 Auld Reekie dings them a' to sticks, For *rhyme-inspiring lasses.
1872Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. XII. 561 The *Rhyme-law of the Sonnet.
1957N. Frye Sound & Poetry 125 Having rejected formal rhyme, he by no means avoids subdued *rhymelike effects.
a1690G. Fox Jrnl. (1827) I. 95 One who was a common drunkard..and a *rhyme-maker.
1786Burns Vision 35 That I, henceforth, would be *rhyme-proof Till my last breath.
a1931E. Pound Make it New (1934) vii. 400 Where both Rossetti and I went off the rails was in taking an English sonnet as the equivalent for a sonnet in Italian. I don't mean in overlooking the mild difference in the *rhyme scheme. 1962W. Nowottny Lang. Poets Use viii. 192 This..is very emphatically signalled as some kind of new departure by a change in the rhyme-scheme. 1981J. Brabazon Dorothy L. Sayers iii. 27 Her mind constantly absorbed in..a language, a rhyme-scheme, an astronomical phenomenon.
1920(title) *Rhyme sheet (Poetry Bookshop). 1943N. Marsh Colour Scheme i. 16 The archly-reproachful rhyme-sheets in bathrooms and lavatories. 1968D. Hopkinson Incense-Tree ii. 22 On the walls of our nursery, my mother had pinned rhyme sheets published by the Poetry Bookshop.
1885Encycl. Brit. XIX. 272/1 While the second stanza..varies from the rest by running on four *rhyme-sounds.
1872Routledge's Ev. Boy's Ann. 24/2 In cases where either *rhyme-syllable begins with the accented vowel.
a1843Southey Comm.-pl. Bk. Ser. ii. (1849) 231 Each canto ends with a *rhyme-tag.
a1828H. Neele Lit. Rem. (1829) 48 The preference given to the *rhyme-tagged prose of Hoole over the production of Fairfax.
1945C. L. Wrenn in Slavonic & East Europ. Rev. XXIII. 123 Both have sought..to preserve alike the rhythm and the *rhyme-types of their originals.
1730–46Thomson Autumn 645 In *rhyme-unfetter'd verse.
1876in Guy Warwick (Z.) 13 A consonant wanting in one *rhyme-word.
1943C. L. Wrenn in Trans. Philol. Soc. 32 A glance at the apparatus, for instance, of any well-edited Middle English text will show how a study of the orthography of the rhyme-words in a poem..may point the way to an original reading. 1960A. Clarke Horse-Eaters 27 The nasal syllable in Houyhnhnm Brings rhyme-word.
▪ II. rhyme, v.|raɪm|
Also 7–9 rhime.
[Graphic variant of rime v.1 (q.v.): cf. prec.]
1. intr. To make rimes or verses; to versify.
1697Dryden Virg. Past. iii. 75 Palæmon shall be Judge how ill you rhime. 1711Steele Spect. No. 30 ⁋3 For he that is not in love enough to rhime, is unqualified for our Society. 1742Pope Dunc. iv. 102 There march'd the bard..Who rhym'd for hire. 1811Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) II. x. 341, I am going to Ashestiel for eight days, to fish and rhyme. 1842Tennyson Miller's Dau. xxv, His early rage Had force to make me rhyme in youth. 1882‘Ouida’ Maremma I. 160 Musa rhymed and sang.
2. trans. With obj. and compl.; esp. in to rhyme to death, (a) orig. with reference to the alleged destruction of rats in Ireland by incantation; (b) to destroy the reputation of (a person) by writing verses upon him; also, to pester with rimes.
1660(title), Ratts Rhimed to Death, Or, the Rump-Parliament Hang'd up in the Shambles. a1683Oldham Wks. (1686) 141 Assist with Malice, and your mighty aid My sworn Revenge, and help me Rhime her dead. 1687Settle Refl. Dryden 68 A friend of mine, that..might do this man the same favour, and in the same style Rhime him into immortality. 1690R. Parsons Let. to A. Charlett 27 May (MS. Ballard xvii. 6), Were ye Brute capable of being Rhymed to Death, Mr. Creech should doe it gentily. 1719J. T. Philipps tr. Thirty-four Confer. 3 Lying Bards; who riding upon the ridges of Metaphors and Allegories, have rhimed you into the Belief of lying incomprehensible Perplexities. 1735[see rat n.1 2 d]. 1896A. E. Housman Shropshire Lad lxii, Pretty friendship 'tis to rhyme Your friends to death before their time.
3. a. To put (one's thoughts) into riming form. b. To compose (rimed verses). Also with out. c. To while away (time) in riming.
1837Lytton E. Maltrav. i. v, He would..rhyme or read away the long evenings. 1848Fraser's Mag. XXXVIII. 319, I rhyme my thoughts without an aim. 1871Browning Pr. Hohenst. 2811 Who so rhymes a sonnet pays a tax. 1879Dixon Windsor II. xxviii. 289 He..rhymed out sonnets in her praise.
d. U.S. Blacks. Const. up. To improvise (a blues composition).
1968P. Oliver Screening Blues 16 Blues singers pride themselves on their ability to ‘rhyme up a song’ but they do not consider this an essential requirement of their music. 1968Blues Unlimited Sept. 13, I rhymed up a song and called it ‘The Auction Day blues’.
4. intr.
a. Of words or metrical lines: To terminate in sounds that form a rime.
b. Of a word: To be a rime to (another word). Also const. with.
1672Marvell Reh. Transp. Wks. II. 130, I brought you authority enough to prove that ‘schism’ do's at least rhime to ‘ism’. 1681Dryden Abs. & Achit. ii. 420 He..faggoted his notions as they fell, And, if they rhymed and rattled, all was well. 1710Steele Tatler No. 132 ⁋7 The Couplet where a-Stick rhimes to Ecclesiastick. 1841Latham Eng. Lang. 381 Eight lines of Heroics; the six first rhyming alternately. 1848Dickens Dombey x, The word Peg invariably rhyming to leg. 1866Chamb. Encycl. VIII. 233/2 Be-low..rhimes with fore-go, or with O! but not with lo.
fig.1867Howells Ital. Journ. 71 Hills, whose gentle lines rhymed softly away against the sky. 1883Daily News 17 May 6/1 She too often wears it indiscriminately with all her dresses, whether it ‘rhymes’ with them or not.
5. To use rime; to find or furnish a rime to (a word).
1690Waller's Poems ii. Pref. Wks. (1729) 445 No man ever rhym'd truer and evener than he; yet he is so just as to confess, that 'tis but a trifle. 1696Phillips s.v. Verses, Though the Greeks and Latins never rhim'd. 1759Johnson Idler No. 60 ⁋11 By what acquisition of faculties is the speaker, who never could find rhymes before, enabled to rhyme at the conclusion of an act? 1797Scott in Lockhart (1837) I. viii. 263 Mr. Jenkinson's name..being proposed as a difficult one to rhyme to. 1841D'Israeli Amen. Lit. (1867) 399 They had ascertained that the Arabian poets rhymed.
6. To cause (words) to rime; to use as rimes.
1824John Bull Mag. I. 158 The title pleases me much more than Lambert's Genus Pinus, A word which comes most luckily for me to rhyme with finis.
fig.1844Emerson Ess. Character Ser. ii. 70 Nature never rhymes her children, nor makes two men alike. |