| 释义 |
ribald, n. and a.|ˈrɪbəld|
Forms: α. 3 pl. ribauz, 4 pl. ribaus, 4 ribaut; 4–7 ribaud, 4, 6 rybaud (6 rybbaud); 4–6 ri-, rybaude (4–5 re-); 4–5 rybawde (5 ri-), 5–6 rebawde. β. 4, 6– ribald (8 ribb-), 5–6 rybald, Sc. rebald, 5 ribold; 5 re-, 6 ribalde; 5–6 rybaulde, ribaulde (6 ribb-); 6 rybault, 6–7 ribauld.
[a. OF. ribaut, -aud, -ault, -auld (also rebalt, rybault, etc.; pl. ribaus), mod.F. ribaud, of uncertain origin. Hence med.L. ribaldus, Sp., Pg., and It. ribaldo. The word also passed into the other Teutonic languages, as MDu. ribaut, ribald, etc., MLG. ribalt, ribald- (ribold-), MHG. ribalt, ON. ribbaldi, MSw. ribalde, riballe, etc., MDa. ri-, rybalde.]
A. n.
†1. One of an irregular class of retainers who performed the lowest offices in royal or baronial households, especially in France during the 14th and 15th centuries, and were employed in warfare as irregular troops; hence, a menial or dependent of low birth. Obs.
a1240Wohunge in O.E. Hom. I. 279, I for þe luue of þe þolede schome and bismere, and schomeliche spateling of unwurði ribauz. 13..K. Alis. 1578 (Bodl. MS.), Noyse is gret wiþ tabor & pype,..Ribaudes festeþ also wiþ tripe. c1330Arth. & Merl. 7557 (Kölbing), He..toke him ribaudes þre þousinde, Þe cuntre to brenne. Ibid. 7573 Þis ribaus þus..Ofersett þe cuntre. c1400Rom. Rose 5673 Is no man wrecched, but he it wene, Be he kyng, knyght, or ribaude. 1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 153 Ribawdes armyd with iyrne and stele, Was never better off devyce. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cccxxxv. 525 The iii. day they ordayned to gyue a sore assaut, sayeng how those rybaudes shulde nat longe endure agaynst them. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 123 b, When the menne of warre wer departed the rybaudes with pykes, iauelyne, and knyues, fell on the Englishemen. 1609Coke in Gutch Coll. Cur. I. 11, I find of ancient time, that if a Ribaud had stricken a Knight,..he should have lost his hand. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. lxvi. (1739) 142 If he proceed against the prohibition, and it is tryed by Witnesses of two ribaulds [etc.].
†b. king of the ribalds, an officer of the royal household of France, who had jurisdiction over crimes committed within it, vagrants resorting to it, and all brothels and gaming-houses about the court. Hence used allusively. Obs.
c1400Rom. Rose 7302 ‘Fals Semblant,’ quod Love,..‘Sith I thus have avaunced thee, That in my court is thy dwelling, And of ribaudes shalt be my king’ [etc]. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1875) 71 He is called ‘Roye des Ribauldez’, whiche is, ‘the kinge of Ribaldes, or Harlottes’, or euill or wicked persons.
†2. A low, base, worthless, or good-for-nothing fellow; a varlet, knave, rascal, vagabond. Obs.
α1301Ballad agst. French 62 in Ritson (1877) 46 Goth, faccheth me the traytours... Tho suor the Eorl of Seint Poul.., We shule facche the rybaus wher thi wille be. 1381Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 225 In Kent this kare began,..In rowte the rybawdus ran. c1394P. Pl. Crede 376 Loke a ribaut of hem þat can nouȝt wel reden. c1400Brut clxix. 192 Wherfore þe Scottes chosen to bene her kyng, William Walis, a rybaude, an harlot, comen vp of nouȝt. c1440Gesta Rom. xxiii. 77 (Harl. MS.), He seid to þemperour, ‘O! ribawde, seist þou that þou art Emperoure?’ 1513More Chron. (1641) 426 Drunkards without discretion, rybauds without reason. 1538Starkey England i. iv. 140 In such a multytud of rybbaudys as be now-a-days in the ordur of presthode. 1641Prynne Antipathie 237 In despite of those Ribauds (so he then termed the Londoners).
βc1440York Myst. xvi. 35 Arest ȝe þo rebaldes þat vnrewly are rownand. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 426 Off this regioun I think nocht for to gang, Quhill tyme that I sall se that rybald hang. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 140 It is not so, but ye be two rybauldes & vagabundes. 1589Nashe Martin Marprelate Wks. (Grosart) I. 156 Neither should the hangman [tarry] for such ribalds.
†3. A person of abandoned character; a wicked, dissolute, or licentious person. Obs.
α1340Ayenb. 51 Þanne he becomþ ribaud, holyer, and þyef. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xvi. 151 And so was with iudas þo, þat Ihesus bytrayed. ‘Aue raby,’ quod þat ribaude. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 6 More ouer scho lykned hym till harlots and ribavdes. 1502Arnolde Chron. (1811) 93 Ye shal suffer noo maner rybaudis nor none of euyll lyuing..wythin the warde. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 115/1 Maximinus..was a Ribaud, an adulterer.
fig.1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xvii. 46 Seuene synnes þat þer been þat assailen ous euere,..And with richesse tho ribaudes rathest men by-gylen.
β1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 78 The tane lufis the marchandis and labouraris, and the tothir rybauldis and hasardouris. 1474Caxton Chesse iii. viii, By..the dyse ben represented the players at dyse, Rybauldes and butters. 1540–1Elyot Image Gov. 6 After he and his ribauldes had saciate with theym theyr lecherouse appetites. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 10 When that lewd rybauld, with vyle lust advaunst, Laid first his filthie hands on virgin cleene.
†b. [F. ribaude fem.] A woman of loose character; a wanton. Obs. rare.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 693 Hic et hec scurra, a rebalde. 1502Ord. Crysten Men (W. de W. 1506) ii. xviii. 134 The false and unfaythfull rybaude..hath broken..the maryage bytwene her and the kynge of kynges. 1530Palsgr. 262/2 Ribalde, a woman, ribaulde.
4. One who uses offensive, scurrilous, or impious language; one who jests or jeers in an irreverent or blasphemous manner.
In early examples only a contextual sense.
c1380Sir Ferumb. 4119 ‘Þow lyest, rybaud,’ saide he þan, ‘My fader was kud a trewe man’. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. vii. 435 Ich fedde me with ale..a-mong rybaudes, here rybaudrye to huyre. c1400Destr. Troy 7651 Ephistafus hym presit.., As a ribold with reueray in his Roide speche. 1484Caxton Chivalry 53 Janglours and rybauldes that speke of putery and of synne. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche iv. 79 What eylythe the, rebawde, on me to raue? 1573Satir. Poems Reform. xl. 234 Harling thame befoir Princes and Kings, As rauing Rebalds rudelie to be rent. 1641Milton Animadv. Wks. 1851 III. 247 Fit for a Scurra in Trivio, or some Ribald upon an Ale-bench. 1735Pope Prol. Sat. 163 Yet ne'er one sprig of laurel grac'd these ribalds. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey v. xiii, To insult such a woman with the commonplace sophistry of a ribald. 1860All Year Round No. 66. 378 [It] changed him from a jeering ribald into an admiring spectator.
Comb.1586W. Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 88 In iesting it must be obserued that it bee not lacyuious or Rybaldlike.
B. adj. Offensively abusive, scurrilous, wantonly irreverent or impious.
a. Of persons (and birds).
1500–20Dunbar Poems xxvii. 45 Sanct Girnega did glyd, Befoir that rebald rowt. c1530Court of Love lxix, Disguised in a raie, Ribaude in speche. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. ii. 9 The busie day, Wak't by the Larke, hath rouz'd the ribauld Crowes. 1703Rowe Ulyss. i. i, Let the ribald Railer learn To curb the lawless Licence of his Speech. 1822Shelley Triumph Life 136 The ribald crowd that followed them. 1868J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. I. 356 A miserable set of ribald ballad writers. 1890R. Bridges Shorter Poems iv. xii. 73 A ribald cuckoo clamoured.
b. Of speech, writing, or conduct.
1508Dunbar Flyting 68 To red thy rebald ryming with a rowt. 1621Quarles Esther 1478 Foule ribbauld talke, and lothsome Drunkennesse. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. ii. Wks. 1851 III. 48 The luxurious, and ribald feasts of Baalpeor. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) I. 160 In conversations of ribald entendre. 1780Burke Wks. 1808 III. 415 The ribbald invectives which occupy the place of argument. 1835W. Irving Tour Prairies x, Peals of laughter were mingled with loud ribald jokes. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 204 In the most ribald farces which were performed by mountebanks in Smithfield. 1882J. H. Blunt Ref. Ch. Eng. II. 128 Some ribald tracts of Bale. |