| 释义 |
‖ ricercar, ricercare Mus.|ritʃerˈkar, -ˈkare|
Pl. ricercare, ricercares, ricercari, ricercars.
[It., f. ricercare to search out.]
Any of a variety of musical forms, characteristically in a fugue style, found between the 16th and 18th centuries (see quots.). Cf. research n.1 4.
1789C. Burney Gen. Hist. Music III. ii. 176 Short instructions for composing masses, motets, psalms, madrigals, and ricercari. Ibid., This terms [sc. ricercari], which implied any work of fancy, and original invention, was succeeded by fantasia, as fantasia was by sonata. 1881Grove Dict. Mus. III. 126/2 Ricercare or Ricercata.., an Italian term of the 17th century, signifying a fugue of the closest and most learned description. Frescobaldi's Ricercari (1615), which are copied out in one of Dr. Burney's note-books.., are full of augmentations, diminutions, inversions, and other contrivances. 1944W. Apel Harvard Dict. Mus. 643/1 These ricercares could be sung. Ibid. 644/1 In the later literature for the lute..the lute ricercar more and more approaches the style of the imitative ricercar. 1945Musical Q. XXXI. 459 These works..fall into three types: the one monothematic ricercare, a few ricercari with one main subject..and the commonest type—the polythematic ricercari. 1947A. Einstein Mus. Romantic Era xvii. 294 The ‘schools’ of the ricercar, whether called fugue as in Germany, tiento as in Spain, or fancy as in England, were different, but the spirit and form were the same. 1954Grove's Dict. Mus. (ed. 5) VII. 154/2 The distinction which has been drawn between the ricercare as a more learned and the fantasia as a more fanciful variety is not really supported by the facts. 1959Collins Mus. Encycl. 547/2 Contrapuntal ricercars were written for instrumental ensembles in the 16th cent. 1961I. Horsley in Acta Musicologica XXXIII. 29 (title) The solo ricercar in diminution manuals: new light on early wind and string techniques. 1961Times 9 Sept. 11/3 The three-part ricercare for solo harpsichord starts the work. 1968New Oxf. Hist. Music IV. xi. 557 The ricercari and fantasias up to the end of the sixteenth century all preserve the principal features of the motet. 1969Daily Tel. 25 Jan. 12 Palestrina wrote few madrigals, and the ricercare are his only known purely instrumental compositions. 1976D. Munrow Instruments Middle Ages & Renaissance 72/1 Like keyboard instruments, the strings developed a vast solo repertory with their own idiomatic forms of the prelude, ricercar, and tastar de corde. 1977Folio Winter 30 It seems very possible that the keyboard ricercare could be held up as the one and only time that J. S. Bach actually wrote with the piano rather than the harpsichord, clavichord or organ in mind. 1980Early Music Apr. 248/1 The first-named turn out to be descendants of the lute preludes so described two centuries before, not ricercars in the fugal sense at all. |