| 释义 |
athwart, adv. and prep.|əˈθwɔːt|
Also 6 athirt, 7 athawart, atwart. Sc. 6 athourt, -rcht, 6–9 athort.
[f. a prep.1 + thwart; the latter was in earlier use as an adv.; a-thwart was formed like about, across, and other adverbs in a-; there was also an early overthwart.]
A. adv.
1. Across from side to side, transversely; usually, but not necessarily, in an oblique direction.
1611Coryat Crudities 294 Yron beames that come athwart or acrosse from one side to the other. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. 333 The Asse having..a crosse made by a black list down his back, and another athwart, or at right angles down his shoulders. 1702W. J. Bruyn's Voy. Levant xxxvi. 140 All these stones are laid a-thwart over the breadth of the chamber. 1879Tennyson Lover's T. 10 The cloud..sweeps athwart in storms.
b. Naut. From side to side of a ship.
1762–9Falconer Shipwr. ii. 174 The fore-sail right athwart they brace. 1858in Merc. Mar. Mag. V. 317 A..framework, extending fore and aft and athwart.
†2. Across in various directions, about. (Northern: still in Scotch.)
c1500Partenay 169 Thorught the wodes went, athirt trauersing. a1662Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 83 (Jam.) There goes a speech athort..dissuading the king from war with us.
3. Across the course (of anything), so as to thwart or oppose progress.
1594Carew Huarte's Exam. Wits x. (1596) 145 If nature..haue no impediment cast athwart to stop her. 1790Cowper Iliad iii. 91 And with his spear Advanced athwart push'd back the Trojan van.
4. fig. In opposition to the proper or expected course; crosswise, perversely, awry.
1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, i. i. 36 All athwart there came A Post from Wales, loaden with heauy Newes. 1603― Meas. for M. i. iii. 30 And quite athwart Goes all decorum. 1876Morris Sigurd iii. 213 Turned the steadfast athwart.
5. In the form of a cross, crosswise. ? Obs. rare.
1607Schol. Disc. agst. Antichr. i. iii. 154 They clappe their armes athwarte, to expresse a crosse.
B. prep. [the adv. with object expressed.]
1. From side to side of, transversely over, across:
a. of motion.
c1470Henry Wallace in Masson 3 Cent. Eng. Poet. 114 A locklat bar was drawn athwart the door. 1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 323 The fisches wes blawin athort the gait. 1623Lisle ælfric on O. & N.T. 10 Moses then led them..athwart the red sea. 1712Pope Rape Lock ii. 82 The stars that shoot athwart the night. 1846Keble Lyra Innoc. (1873) 124 A-thwart the field, the rooks fly home.
b. of position or direction.
1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 135 Nor neuer lay his wreathed arms athwart His louing bosome. 1615Heywood Four Prent. i. Wks. 1874 II. 240 Skarfe-like these athwart my breasts I'le weare. 1830Tennyson Mariana ii, She..glanced athwart the glooming flats.
†2. Across in various directions, to and fro over, all over. (Only in north. dial.; still in every day use in Scotland as athort.)
1548Compl. Scot. vi. 38 The borial blastis..hed chaissit the fragrant flureise..far athourt the feildis. a1662Baillie Lett. (1775) I. 32 (Jam.) Posts went forth athort the whole country. [Mod.Sc. Lazy loons stravaguing athort the kintrae.]
3. Naut. Across or transversely to the course or direction of. † athwart the fore foot: (a cannon-ball fired) across in front of a ship's bows, as a signal for her to bring to. to run athwart: to run into sidewise; cf. A 1 b.
1693Luttrell Brief Rel. III. 70 A French privateer..whom he run athawart and sunk him. 1693Lond. Gaz. No. 2926/3 The Wind being Northerly..with a great Swell and strong Tide; The Frigats were obliged to Moor athwart it. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §167 note, A vessel..being laid athwart the Jetty Head. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. iii. 284 Athwart the steamer's bows.
4. Across the direction of, so as to meet or fall in with; hence fig. into the notice or observation of.
1622R. Hawkins Voy. S. Sea 232 If this Spanish shippe should fall athwart his King's armado. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. ii. vi. 71 Be not proud if that chance to come athwart thy seeing side, which meets with the blind side of another. 1817Coleridge Poems 70 Ye sweep athwart my gaze. 1849Robertson Serm. i. ii. (1866) 34 The image..comes athwart his every thought.
5. Across the course of, so as to oppose.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 683 That dar'st..advance Thy miscreated Front athwart my way. 1748Smollett Rod. Rand. iii. (1804) 10 If you come a-thwart me, 'ware. 1860Maury Phys. Geog. Sea v. §298 Mountains which lie athwart the course of the winds.
6. fig.
a. In opposition to.
1644Milton Areop. (Arb.) 39, I have seen this present work, and finde nothing athwart the Catholick faith. 1865Carlyle Fredk. Gt. V. xiv. iii. 182 Honest to the bone, athwart all her prejudices.
b. catachr. Through, across.
a1719Addison (J.) Athwart the terrors that thy vow Has planted round thee, thou appear'st more fair.
C. Comb. athwart-hawse, phrase used of a ship's position across the stem of another ship at anchor; hence prep. phr. athwart-hawse of; athwart-ship a., athwart-ships adv., from side to side of the ship; athwart-wise, athwart.
1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4543/2 He..laid her on Board under her Boltsprit, directly athwart her Hawse. 1813Southey Nelson v. 150 Anchoring athwart-hawse of the Orient. 1718Steele Fish Pool 177 Two bulk-heads..running athwart-ships. 1879W. White in Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 363/1 An athwartship section of the lower part of a ship. 1868Hawthorne Amer. Note-Bk. (1879) II. 223 And now lies athwartwise. |