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Provençal, a. and n.|prɒvɑ̃ːˈsɑːl|
Also 6–7 provenzal(l, 7–8 provencial, 8– Provençale.
[a. F. provençal of Provence:—L. prōvinciāl-is provincial: see Provence.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to Provence and its inhabitants. (See next.)
1589Nashe Pref. Greene's Menaphon (Arb.) 10 Those that are neither prouenzall men, nor are able to distinguish of Articles. 1650[see Picard adj.]. 1723Pope Let. to Lady 26 Sept., Pieces of the old provençal poets. 1771[see Languedocian a. and n.]. 1819Keats Ode to Nightingale 14 Dance, and Provençal song, and sunburnt mirth! 1855Milman Lat. Chr. ix. viii. IV. 220 The high Provençal patriotism of the Troubadour. 1902Speaker 5 Apr. 9/2 The Provençal shepherd does not drive his flock but leads it. 1936A. W. Clapham Romanesque Archit. iv. 78 A not uncommon feature of the Provençal apse is its polygonal external form. 1971Guardian 16 Feb. 9/3 A quilted skirt in fine wool Provençal print.
2. Designating a style of cookery characteristic of Provence, typically containing rich savoury ingredients.
1841Thackeray in Fraser's Mag. June 720/1 You know what a Provençale sauce is?.. A rich, savoury mixture, of garlic and oil. 1966Harrod's Food News Sept. 2/2 Individual Scampi Provençal—per carton 9/6. 1974Times 23 May 7/6 Try my favourite Provençal mixture with tomatoes, herbs and anchovies.
B. n.
1. An inhabitant of Provence.
1600Surflet Country Farm 31 The Gascoin is hot... The Prouenciall is haughtie and cannot indure to be reprooued. 1804C. B. Brown tr. Volney's View Soil U.S. 136 A collateral wind, called, by the Provençals, the mistral. 1865Kingsley Herew. viii, Her mother was a Provençale. 1902Speaker 5 Apr. 9/1 With all his imagination, the Provençal betrays a curious realism of his own.
2. The Romanic language spoken in Provence.
1642J. Howell Forraine Travell x. 124 The French have three dialects, the Wallon..the Provensall..and the speech of Languedoc. 1671J. Gailhard Pres. St. Italy (ed. 2) 173 About Piemont..they speak a corrupt Italian, which hath most of the Provenzal in it. 1743Collins Ep. to Hanmer on Edit. Shaks. 40 The soft Provencial pass'd to Arno's stream. 1792[see Catalan]. 1901Q. Rev. Oct. 484 One wished that the periodical should be bi-lingual and the other that it should be solely in Provençal. 1964Archivum Linguisticum XVI. 34 Occitan—or Provençal, as it is more usually known—was one of the major European literary languages... Provençal is ambiguous, referring as it does both to the language as a whole and to one particular dialect, that of Provence. 1977Listener 28 July 118/1 The verbal texts..are sung in the original Provençal.
3. Cookery. (See quots.)
1960Times 5 Sept. 13/5 Provençale, a dish which contains tomatoes, garlic and peppers. 1977Times 28 Nov. 31/3 Particularly recommended are..provençales (with garlic, tomatoes and herbs, served somewhat like a pizza).
Hence Provenˈçalism, an idiom or mode of expression typical of the Provençal language; Provençalist, a student of Provençal language and literature; Proˈvençalize v., trans. to influence by or assimilate to Provençal modes.
1903H. Lynch G. Paris' Med. Fr. Lit. 95 It is probable that we have lost the earliest lyric poetry of the Provençalised school. 1934Times Lit. Suppl. 30 Aug. 587/1 Mr. W. P. Shepard, himself no mean Provençalist. 1958Provençalism [see Catalanist]. 1975Times Lit. Suppl. 12 Sept. 1023/4 A brilliant essay..that Provençalists ignore at their peril. 1978Language LIV. 428 The Berlin school was spearheaded by K. A. F. Mahn, who, as a Provençalist, became something of a rival of Raynouard and Diez. |