| 释义 |
▪ I. averse, a. and n.|əˈvɜːs|
Also 7 avers.
[ad. L. āversus, pa. pple. of āvertĕre to avert. Cf. OF. avers, in which L. āversus and adversus seem to have combined.]
A. adj.
†1. Turned away, averted; turned in the backward or reverse direction. Obs.
1682Sir T. Browne Chr. Mor. 90 Two faces averse, and conjoined Janus-like. 1697Dryden Virgil (1806) III. 274 The tracks averse a lying notice gave. 1703Rowe Fair Penit. i. i. 109 With looks averse and Eyes that froze me.
†b. quasi-adv. = aversely 1. Obs.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 440 The hair [of the Oryx] groweth averse..forward toward his head. 1610J. Guillim Heraldry iii. xiii. (1660) 161 If the Horse be not mounted, he fights averse. 1814Cary Dante (Chandos) 238 That star, which views Now obvious, and now averse, the sun.
†2. Lying on the opposite side. Obs.
1667Milton P.L. ix. 67 On the Coast averse From entrance or cherubic watch..Found unsuspected way.
†3. In the rear, behind. (So in L.) Obs.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. i. 107 The situation of the genitalls is averse.
4. Turned away in mind or feeling; actuated by repugnance; habitually opposed, disinclined.
1597Daniel Civ. Wares i. xxvi, And of a spirit averse, and overthwart. 1671Milton Samson 1461 Some much averse I found and wondrous harsh. 1744Harris Three Treat. iii. ii. (1765) 233 That Law..which leads the Willing, and compels the Averse.
b. Const. from, to.
The use of the prep. to, rather than from, after averse and its derivatives, although condemned by Johnson as etymologically improper, is justified by the consideration that these words express a mental relation analogous to that indicated by hostile, contrary, repugnant, hostility, opposition, dislike, and naturally take the same construction. Aversion in the sense of an action, which would properly be followed by from, is now obsolete. Examination of many instances shows that from has been used by Donne, Speed, R. Burton, Milton, Bp. Mountagu, Sir T. Browne, Evelyn, Hale, Dryden, Pope, Johnson, Southey, Motley, Lowell, and J. R. Green; to by Heylin, Walton, Boyle, Locke, South, Addison, Steele, De Foe, D. North, Richardson, H. Walpole, Gibbon, Burke, Buckle, Mill; whilst Sir E. Sandys, Jer. Taylor, Barrow, Clarendon, Swift, Hume, Macaulay have used both. Shakespeare does not use the word.
1611Bible Micah ii. 8 As men auerse from warre. 1639Rouse Heav. Univ. viii. (1702) 105 Make thee averse to God's teaching. 1761Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxiii. 75 Licentious tyrants..equally averse from peace and from freedom. a1771Gray Poems (1775) 7 What Cat's averse to fish? 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 32 He had been averse to extreme courses. 1876Green Short Hist. iv. §3 (1882) 175 His impulses were generous, trustful, averse from cruelty.
c. with inf. Disinclined, unwilling, reluctant.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iv. viii. 198 We are not averse to acknowledge, that some may distill..into the winde-pipe. 1777Watson Philip II (1793) II. xii. 83 Averse at this time to declare herself openly. 1864R. Burton Dahome 8 Even the grass is, from idless, averse to wave.
†5. Of things: Of opposed nature, adverse. Obs.
1623Massinger Dk. Milan ii. i, Tell me rather That the earth moves; the sun and stars stand still; Or anything that is averse to nature. 1651Hobbes Leviath. ii. xviii. 91 What Opinions and Doctrines are averse, and what conducing to Peace. 1657–83Evelyn Hist. Relig. (1850) I. 217 Whatever prejudices ill education..or other averse accidents may have produced.
†B. n. The back, the hinder part (so L. āversum); the reverse of a coin. Obs.
1654Lestrange Chas. I, 122 Before fortune had ever forsaken him, or shewed him her averse. 1658W. Burton Itin. Anton. 58 A Coyn..in the averse of which we read, etc.
▪ II. † aˈverse, v. Obs.
[f. prec.]
To turn away.
1652Gaule Magastrom. 137 Man's liberty, or freewill, either to prosecute or averse. |