| 释义 |
▪ I. rob, n. Now rare.|rɒb|
Also 6 robbe, 8–9 robb.
[a. mod.L. or F. rob, = Sp. rob, Pg. robe, arrobe, It. rob, robbo; also G. and older Da. rob. The ultimate source is Arab. robb, rubb or Pers. rob, rub fruit-syrup.]
The juice of a fruit, reduced by boiling to the consistency of a syrup and preserved with sugar; a conserve of fruit.
1578Lyte Dodoens 683 The Robbe or dried iuyce thereof. Ibid., The rob made with the iuyce of common Ribes and Sugar, is very good for all the diseases aboue sayde. 1620Venner Via Recta vii. 124 The Rob, that is, the iuyce of the berries boyled with a third part..of sugar added vnto it,..is preferred before the raw berries. 1656W. Coles Art of Simpling xxv. 80 Continue boyling it..till it attaine unto the consistence of Honey, and then it is by Physitians called the Rob. 1694Westmacott Script. Herb. 203 These Robs,..and Conserves, are not to be given to costive Bodies. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1765) 122 Take an ounce of Rob of Elder in Broth. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) II. 351 note, The berries are so very acid that birds will not eat them, but boiled with sugar they form a most agreeable rob or jelly. 1821W. P. C. Barton Flora N. Amer. I. 61 A rob might also be prepared..by evaporating the syrup obtained from them. 1864Chambers's Encycl. VI. 603/1 A rob made of it [white mulberry] is useful in sore throat.
fig.1790H. Walpole Let. to Miss Berry 31 Oct., There is..a quantity of calculations, and one is forced to..boil milliards of livres down to a rob of pounds sterling.
▪ II. rob, v.|rɒb|
Forms: 3–5 robben, 5 robbyn; 4 robbi, robby, 4–6 robbe, 5 (6 Sc.) rub, 6– rob, 7 robb (Sc. robe).
[ad. OF. robber, rober, rouber, etc., = Sp. robar, Pg. roubar, It. rubare, of Teutonic origin, the stem roub- being that represented in English by reave v.]
1. a. trans. To deprive (a person) of something by unlawful force or the exercise of superior power; to despoil by violence. Also fig. and refl.
a1225Ancr. R. 86 Þe knihte þet robbeð his poure men. Ibid. 150 Him luste leosen hit & beon irobbed. c1290St. Eustace 57 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 394 Þo comen þeoues and robbeden him. 1340Ayenb. 39 Þise greate prelates þet benimeþ and robbeþ hire onderlinges. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. iii. 188 Withouten pite, pilour! pore Men þou robbedest. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) IV. 443 Þerfore anon the hous was i-broke; þe pore men were i-spoylled and i-robbed. 1422tr. Secreta Secret., Priv. Priv. 183 The extorcioner rubbyth and Preyeth good men. 1535Coverdale Prov. xxii. 22 Se yt thou robbe not y⊇ poore because he is weake. 1595Shakes. John iv. iii. 78 Must I rob the Law? 1604― Oth. i. iii. 209 He robs himselfe, that spends a bootlesse griefe. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. viii. 35 When a man robbs one to pay another. 1715De Foe Fam. Instruct. i. iv. (1841) I. 74 Oh, thieves, thieves, I am robbed. 1759Mills tr. Duhamel's Husb. i. iv. 10 To hinder weeds from robbing the cultivated plants. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest i, Their intention was to rob and murder him. 1857Kingsley Two Y. Ago I. 280 As usual; poor Nature is being robbed and murdered by rich grace. 1892Tennyson Foresters iii, We never robb'd one friend of the true King. We robb'd the traitors that are leagued with John. 1926Publishers' Weekly 19 June 1966/1 You may improve your golf game... Why not get rid of that disconcerting slice which robs your drive? 1948R. M. Ayres Missing Tide i. 44 The food's quite good, and they don't rob you, anyway.
b. to rob Peter to pay († give to, clothe) Paul (see Peter n.1 2).
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 174 Lord, hou schulde God approve þat þou robbe Petur, and gif þis robbere to Poule in þe name of Crist? c1440Jacob's Well 305 Þei robbyn seynt petyr & ȝeuyn it seynt Poule. 1515[see Peter n.1 2]. 1546J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 26 Lyke a pyckpurs pilgrim, ye prie and ye proule At rouers, to rob Peter and paie Poule. 1596Nashe Saffron Walden Ep. Ded. B ij b, Thow shalt not find many powling pence about him neither, except he rob Peter to pay Powle. 1657–1692 [see Peter n.1 2]. 1737Gentl. Mag. VII. 172/1 This Scheme is..calculated..to Rob Peter to pay Paul, or, to remove y⊇ Burthen from one Part of the Community, and lay it upon another. [1855Motley Dutch Rep. iii. v. (1866) 430 It was not desirable to rob Saint Peter's altar in order to build one to Saint Paul.]
c. Mining. (See quot.)
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) II. 86/2 Sometimes it [antimony] is blended with the richer ores of silver, and renders the extraction of that metal difficult by volatilizing a part of the silver, or, in the language of the miners, robbing the ore.
d. Assoc. Football. To deprive (an opposing player) of the ball.
1882Blackburn Times 1 Apr. 6/3 Goodhart started the ball from the centre, but he was instantly robbed by Strachan. 1970Times 30 Sept. 15/4 Novak held on too long in midfield and was robbed by Graham. 1976Morecambe Guardian 7 Dec. 8/2 Towers and Thomas forced the defence into some confusion when a backpass went astray. Finch had to move quickly to rob Thomas who was charging through.
2. a. To plunder or strip (a person) feloniously of (something belonging to him); to deprive (one) of (something due). Also transf. or fig. (with a thing as object).
13..Coer de L. 2286 In an evil tyme our emperour Robbed King Richard of his tresour. 1340–70Alex. & Dind. 789 To robbe men of hure riht ful redy ben alle. c1400Destr. Troy 6419 Ector..Wold haue Robbit the Renke of his riche wede. c1440Jacob's Well 217 Myn eyȝe has robbyd my soule of his lyif with watyr of lustys. 1535Coverdale 2 Sam. xvii. 8 As a Beer that is robbed of hir yonge ones in the felde. 1563Winȝet Wks. (S.T.S.) I. 105 He hes..rubbit him of his geris or honouris. 1591Spenser M. Hubberd 16 My weake bodie..Was rob'd of rest and naturall reliefe. 1634Milton Comus 390 For who would rob a Hermit of his Weeds. 1665Boyle Occas. Refl. iv. xii. (1675) 240 A Cloud, which does no longer receive or transmit the Light, but robs the Earth of it. 1692Dryden St. Euremont's Ess. 11 The Zeal of the Citizen robbed the Man of Himself. 1765A. Dickson Treat. Agric. (ed. 2) 92 By allowing them to grow, we allow the land..to be robbed of its vegetable food. 1784Cowper Task iv. 458 His victims, robb'd of their defenceless all. 1807–8Irving Salmagundi (1824) 265 [It] long since ceased bearing,..every tempest robs it of a limb. 1867Trollope Chron. Barset lxiii, The troubles of life had almost robbed the elder lady of her beauty. 1878Huxley Physiogr. 78 The air..which had been thus robbed of its oxygen.
†b. Similarly with double object. Obs. (Cf. 5.)
c1330Arth. & Merl. 4323 (Kölbing), Kepe we þe strait wais..& robben hem her sustenaunce. 1613Heywood Silver Age iii. i, Ceres nor loue, nor all the Gods aboue, Shall rob me this rich purchase.
3. a. To plunder, pillage, rifle (a place, house, etc.).
c1230Hali Meid. 15 Wes helle irobbed, & heuene beð ifulled. a1240Sawles Warde in O.E. Hom. I. 247 Ah ne bihoueð hit nawt þat tis hus beo irobbet. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 38 Þe Danes vp aryued, Souhamptone þei brent, & robbed Cornwaile. c1400Destr. Troy 1912 He..told furth of his tale,..How þe rewme was robbet. c1465in Three 15th Cent. Chron. (Camden) 23 The Kynge off Scottes..robbed and revid the contre aboute Derham. 1513Douglas æneis xii. v. 103 Ȝon ilk stranger..our marchis..Invadis, rubbis, and spulȝeis. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 106 One that is like to be executed for robbing a Church. 1651tr. De-las-Coveras' Don Fenise 198 Pirats who..rob upon the sea all the vessells they could render themselves masters of. a1716South Serm. (1744) IV. 153 Robbing the Spittle. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. iii. 249 Wilt thou rob a church And share..The general spoil? 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xii. III. 221 In the country his house was robbed.
transf.1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 316 Former operations were principally confined to robbing the rich pockets, while good milling-ore was left standing.
b. Const. of that which is taken.
c1330Arth. & Merl. 5105 (Kölbing), Mani cursed painem..hadden robbed þis cuntray Of al þis ich fair pray. c1400Destr. Troy 3209 To the tempull full tyte [he] turnyt agayne, To rob of þe Riches, and Renkes to helpe. c1420Cont. Brut ccxxvii. (1908) 298 Þe toun..of al þing þat myȝte be bore & caryed out was robbid and despoyled. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 4 All the rest it seemd they robbed bare Of bounty, and of beautie. 1613Shakes. Hen. VIII, iii. ii. 255 Thy Ambition..robb'd this bewailing Land Of Noble Buckingham.
4. a. absol. To commit depredations; to plunder; to take away property by force.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6041 Hii drowe hom toward kanterbury, to robbi þere al so. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 38 Of Danmark dukes riche.. Men & women slouh, & robbed þorgh þe lond. 1390Gower Conf. II. 134 For every thief upon richesse Awaiteth forto robbe and stele. c1400Rom. Rose 5686 To swinke and traveile he not feynith, For for to robben he disdeynith. 1534More Comf. agst. Trib. Wks. 1200, I mene not, to let euery malefactor passe furth vnpunished, and frely runne out and rob at rouers. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, ii. ii. 10, I am accurst to rob in that Theefe company. 1662Hibbert Body Divinity I. 165 A man may rob with a pair of ballances or metewand in his hand. 1682Lond. Gaz. No. 1737/4 They Robbed the night before on Brainford-Road. 1831Insect Misc. (L.E.K.) 330 Sometimes..small parties of three or four [bees] will unite to rob, as we may say, on the highway.
b. Mining. (See quots.)
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Rob, to extract pillars previously left for support; or, in general, to take out ore or coal from a mine with a view to immediate product, and not to subsequent working. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Rob, to cut away or reduce the size of pillars of coal, &c.
5. a. To carry off as plunder; to steal. Now rare.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 381 Þat strange men..asaileden is lond..& robbed is bestes & is game. 13..K. Alis. 3450 (Laud MS.), Hij robbeden tresores & cloþes. 1390Gower Conf. II. 160 He anon hem wolde assaile And robbe what thing that thei ladden. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 16014 Swych goostly goodys euerychon Ben yrobbyd And agon. 1456Sir G. Haye Law Arms (S.T.S.) 91 A man gais to the were for.. to pele and rub gudis. 1530Palsgr. 693/1, I robbe his treasour from hym. 1579W. Wilkinson Confut. Fam. of Love Ep. Ded. *ij, Whiche Vine the Foxes sometimes spoyle and endamage by robbyng the fruite. 1646R. Baillie Anabapt. (1647) 10 The Priests vestments, which he had robbed in the Cathedrall. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 312 They themselves contrive To Rob the Honey, and subvert the Hive. 1830Campbell Farewell to Love 7 But Passion robs my peace no more. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xxxvii[i], There was a sideboard robbed out of the carved work of a church in the Low Countries. 1887C. A. Moloney Forestry W. Africa 176 The descendants of the Negroes who were robbed from Africa. 1919G. B. Shaw Heartbreak House ii. 77, I should rob all the money back from Mangan. 1939Joyce Finnegans Wake (1964) iii. 453 Robbing leaves out of my taletold book. 1953[see robber trench s.v. robber 2 b]. 1977Irish Press 29 Sept. 5/5 Vincent Walker..was found guilty of robbing the sum of {pstlg}8,798.
†b. fig. To remove, take away, cut off from something; to ravish. Obs. rare.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 132 Allas! þat ricchesse shal reue and robbe mannes soule Fram þe loue of owre lorde. 1594Shakes. Rich. II, i. iii. 173 What is thy sentence then, but speechlesse death, Which robs my tongue from breathing natiue breath? 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. iv. 16 The which..to it drew The eyes of all,..And hearts quite robbed with so glorious sight. 1627Lisander & Cal. Ded., By their conversation they may endeavour to rob away teadiousnes though but from one houre.
6. Card-playing. (See quots.)
With quot. 1611 compare Littré s.v. Piller 6.
1611Cotgr., Piller,..also, to rub, or rob, at cards. 1897Foster Compl. Hoyle 277 (Spoil Five), Robbing the trump card. If the trump card is an ace, the dealer may discard any card he pleases in exchange for it. Ibid. 299 (Cinch), He may search the remainder of the pack, and take from it any cards that he pleases. This is called robbing the deck.
[1.] [a.] For def. read: trans. To deprive (a person) of something by unlawful force or the exercise of superior power; to despoil by violence. Also fig., esp. recently in sense ‘to overcharge (a customer)’, and refl. (Further examples.)
1934G. B. Shaw On Rocks ii. 236 Out of those wages the laborer has to pay half or quarter as rent to the landlord. The laborer is ignorant: he thinks he is robbed by the landlord; but the robbed victim is me. 1976Church Times 30 July 7/2 She may have been fleeced in Florence, robbed in Ravenna, grossly overcharged in Ostia..; but Baedeker at least has not tried to put one over on her. 1987Sunday Express Mag. 1 Feb. 14/3 Bob still thinks my Chanel suit cost 70 quid, and even then he thinks I was robbed.
[3.] [a.] For def. read: To plunder, pillage, rifle (a place, house, etc.). Also transf., esp. in recent use in Archæol. (freq. with out). (Further transf. examples.)
1977[implied in *robbed ppl. a. 1 b]. 1982Rescue News No. 26. 4/4 The grave was partially cut into a wall trench which had already been robbed out. 1987Bull. Glasgow Archaeol. Soc. Mar. 18 On top of the mound there were stone buildings, which have been continually robbed over the centuries.
[5.] [a.] For def. read: To carry off as plunder; to steal. Also transf. in Archæol., to remove (stones, etc.) from a structure for use as building material. (Further example.)
1981Glasgow Archaeol. Jrnl. VIII. 52/1 Almost everything above the Roman floor levels had been destroyed or robbed away.
▪ III. rob
obs. form of robe. |