| 释义 |
bacterium|bækˈtɪərɪəm|
Pl. -a; rarely anglicized as bactery.
[mod.L., ad. Gr. βακτήριον, dim. of βάκτρον stick, staff.]
1. Any of several types of microscopic or ultramicroscopic single-celled organisms very widely distributed in nature, not only in soil, water, and air, but also on or in many parts of the tissues of plants and animals, and forming one of the main biologically interdependent groups of organisms in virtue of the chemical changes which many of them bring about, e.g. all forms of decay and the building up of nitrogen compounds in the soil.
1847–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. IV. 6/1 In Bacterium, the contraction is weaker. 1854J. Hogg Microsc. ii. i. (1867) 295 What part do the fungi, or bacteria, play in the production of..cancer? 1884Health Exhib. Catal. 155/1 Imperishable Yeast..and Models of Yeast and Bacteries. 1908Daily Chron. 6 Aug. 6/5 Dr. Stonehouse said it was a bacteria infection. 1911J. A. Thomson Biology of Seasons ii. 161 Analogous, though not ‘inter-regnal’, is the intimate and most profitable partnership between Bacteria-like microbes and Leguminous plants, like Clover. 1956Nature 11 Feb. 279/2 This trypanosomid, first isolated in bacteria-free culture by Noguchi and Tilden. 1964M. Hynes Med. Bacteriol. (ed. 8) iii. 26 The foundation of modern surgery is asepsis—the creation and preservation of a bacterium-free environment.
2. bacteria bed, a contact bed (see contact n. 6).
1913E. H. Blake Drainage & Sanitation xi. 369 This was the origin of the contact method of working bacteria beds—a method adopted with the septic tank. 1936Ibid. (ed. 5) xi. 428 Such treatment is carried out in what are often called Bacteria Beds. These may be on the intermittent principle, in which case they are called Contact Beds, or on the continuous flow principle, in which case they are called Percolating Filters or Trickling Filters; in either case the cause of purification is aerobic bacteria. |