| 释义 |
▪ I. roll, n.1|rəʊl|
Forms: 3–7 rolle, 5–7 rol, rowle, 6–8 rowl, 6–7 roule (6 roull), 7–8 roul, 6–7 (9) role, 6–7 roole (7 roale), 6– Sc. row; 4– roll.
[a. OF. roolle, roulle, rolle, role (mod.F. rôle: see rôle), = Prov. rolle, rotlle, Cat. rotllo, Sp. rollo, rol, Pg. rolo, It. ruolo:—acc. of L. rotulus (whence also It. rotolo, ruotolo, Sp. and Pg. rotulo). From OF. the word has also passed into the other Teut. languages, appearing as MDu. rulle, rolle (Du. rol), MLG. rulle, G. rolle, OIcel. rolla, Sw. rulla, rulle, Da. rulle, rolle.]
I.
1. A piece of parchment, paper, or the like, which is written upon or intended to contain writing, etc., and is rolled up for convenience of handling or carrying; a scroll.
a1225Ancr. R. 344 Nis non so lutel þing of þeos þet þe deouel naueð enbreued on his rolle. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 9287 Wyþ hys teþe he gan to drawe,..Þat hys rolle to-braste and rofe. c1400Destr. Troy 800 For to knele on his knes..And the rolle for to rede. 1463Bury Wills (Surtees) 20, iij merours of glas.., wiche be redy with my other glasys, and dyuerse rolles with scripture. 1526Pilgr. Perf. (W. de W. 1531) 95 b, The thre verses wryten in the rowle that gothe aboute the tree. a1586Sidney Ps. xi. iv, Lord,..in thy bookes rowle I am writ. 1605Camden Rem. (1623) 188 Atlas bearing Heauen with a roule inscribed in Italian. 1718Prior Solomon ii. 277 Busy Angels..spread The lasting Roll, recording what We said. 1797–1805S. & Ht. Lee Canterb. T. I. 340 Several small rolls of vellum or parchment. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. v, ‘You see’ said Mr. Pecksniff, passing the candle rapidly from roll to roll of paper, ‘some traces of our doings here’. 1867M. E. Herbert Cradle L. 101 He showed them a roll containing a panoramic representation of his travels. 1888W. P. Frith Autobiog. III. vi. 144 A young lady—with..a roll of music in her hand.
2. spec.
a. Such a piece of parchment, paper, etc., inscribed with some formal or official record; a document or instrument in this form.
Freq. with defining term, as rolls of Chancery, Court, Parliament; also checker, court-, rent-roll, etc.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xix. 460 With spiritus intellectus they seke þe reues rolles. 1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 479/1 That the rolles of accounte of the Baillifs, and the rentall rolle,..and all Court rolles been putte and kepte in the cofre. 1444Ibid. V. 74/1 To be enacted and enrolled of record, in the Rolle of the said Parlement. 1469Cal. Rec. Dublin (1889) I. 333 Allso rollys to be made of the misis and costes. Allsoo rollis to be made of custumes. 1530Palsgr. 537/1, I write a thyng in to a rolle of a courte, to remayne for recorde, je enrolle. 1591Lambarde Archeion (1635) 55 The Chancellor had the keeping of the Rolls of Record, and the making out of Writs originall. 1611Bible Ezra vi. 1 Search was made in the house of the rolles, where the treasures were laide vp. 1650Acts Sederunt 2 Jan., The saids Lords..ordaines the Lord, who is Ordinar in the Utter-house, to make ane roll, which he is to subscrive. 1712Addison Spect. No. 447 ⁋3 Being obliged to search into several Rolls and Records. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 163 This law..is much better to be learned out of the rolls of parliament, and other records. 1801Strutt Sports & Past. iv. ii. 296 In one of his wardrobe rolls we meet with the following entries. 1863H. Cox Instit. i. iv. 17 The practice commenced..of entering the petitions..on the Parliament Rolls.
fig.1605Tryall Chevalry i. i, He finds it written in the Rowles of time. c1760Smollett Ode to Indep. 51 The rolls of right eternal to display.
b. Master (also † Clerk or Keeper) of the Rolls, one of the four ex-officio judges of the Court of Appeal and a member of the Judicial Committee, who has charge of the rolls, patents, and grants that pass the great seal, and of all records of the Court of Chancery. Also transf. (quot. 1609).
A concise historical account of the office is given in the Encycl. Brit. (1886) XX. 628.
In quot. c 1687 the reference is to the Isle of Man.
1455Rolls of Parlt. V. 301/2 The office of Keper of the Rolles of your Chauncerie. c1460J. Russell Bk. Nurture 1017 Mastir of the rolles, riȝt þus ryken y, Vndir Iustice may sitte hym by. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c 25 §3 The chief Justices of either Benche and the Clerke of the Rolles. 1509in Leadam Sel. Cases Crt. Requests (Selden Soc.) 12 My lord Chaunceler comaundyd the Examynacyon vnto the master off the Rollys. 1581Lambarde Eiren. i. v. (1588) 30 The Clearke of the Rolles (nowe called Maister of the Rolles). 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. xxix. ii. 361 Having governed Syria, and gone through the Office of Master of the Rolles. c1687in Scott Peveril xi. note, One shill[ing] apiece to be giuen by them to the said cleark of the rolls, for..engrossing these articles. a1715Burnet Own Time iii. (1724) I. 381 He was soon after, without any application of his own, made Master of the Rolls. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) II. 183 The Master of the Rolls ranks immediately after the Chief Justice of the King's Bench. 1889Gretton Memory's Harkback 141 Those who knew his value were fain to secure his services as Master of the Rolls.
fig.1615Crooke Body of Man 502 Memory, which as a faithfull Recorder or Maister of the Rolles doth preserue, store vp [etc.].
c. the Rolls, the former buildings in Chancery Lane in which the records in the custody of the Master of the Rolls were preserved (now represented by the Public Record Office). Also = Rolls Court (see 5).
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 104 Unto the Rolls I gat me.., Before the clarkes of the chauncerye. 1598Stow Surv. 319 Since the which time [1377] that house hath beene commonly called the Rolles in Chauncerie lane. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 428 An house of Converts [from Judaism]..which King Edward the Third appointed afterwards for rolls and records to be kept therein, and thereof at this day it is called The Rowls. 1668–9Pepys Diary 15 Mar., Thence to the Rolls, where I made inquiry for several rolls. a1715Burnet Own Time iii. (1724) I. 596 When the fifth of November..came, in which we had always sermons at the Chapel of the Rolls. 1840Penny Cycl. XVIII. 33/2 The order..(if presented at the Rolls) is at once drawn up by the secretary of the master of the Rolls. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Emp. (1854) II. 182 The Master of the Rolls..administers justice in a separate court called the Rolls.
3. a. A register, list, or catalogue (of names, deeds, etc.); also phr. roll of fame. Chiefly in fig. use.
In very frequent use from c 1800. The early examples are only contextual uses of sense 1.
c1386Chaucer Pard. T. 911 Com vp, ye wyues, Youre names I entre heer in my rolle anon. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. iv. 111 Þei ouhten For to spure..What manere mester oþer merchaundise he vsede, Er he were vnder-fonge free and felawe in ȝoure rolles. 1433Rolls of Parlt. IV. 479/1 That..all Burgeis rolles..been putte and kepte in the cofre. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche 193, I rekyn yow in my rowllys, For ij dronken sowllys. 1598Barret Theor. Warres ii. i. 18 To keepe a roll or list of all the souldiers of his company. 1610Holland Camden's Brit. (1637) 582 Registred in the roll of Saints. 1673Cave Prim. Chr. i. i. 10 Banished them out of the roll of their Deities. 1692R. L'Estrange Josephus, Emb. to Caius xii. (1733) 903 The Addition of one more to the Roll of our former Calamities. 1725Pope Odyssey viii. 418 Happy King, whose name The brightest shines in all the rolls of fame! 1768–74Tucker Lt. Nat. (1834) II. 415 Retained servants entered upon the steward's roll. 1828Scott F.M. Perth vii, The merchants, shopkeepers, and citizens, who..filled up the roll of the ordinary magistracy. 1852C. M. Yonge Cameos (1877) II. iv. 46 The roll of the slain was brought to them as they sat down to supper. 1880Swinburne Stud. Shaks. 118 The place occupied by Bartholomew Fair on the roll of Ben Jonson's [plays].
b. Sc. Law. A list of cases coming before a judge or court.
1826Scott Jrnl. 31 Jan., There being nothing in the roll to-day, I stay at home from the Court. 1838W. Bell Dict. Law Scot. 867 The roll itself is a list of the several causes, containing the surnames of the parties, and of the counsel, and in the weekly printed rolls, the name of the agent also.
c. The official list of those qualified to practise as solicitors († or attorneys).
Commonly pl., and esp. in phr. to be struck off the rolls, to be debarred from practising as a solicitor in consequence of some delinquency.
[1835Penny Cycl. III. 66/1 When the attorney is admitted, he subscribes a roll, which is the original roll of attorneys, of which the court takes notice as the recorded list of its officers.] 1840Dickens Old C. Shop xxxvi, His daughter could not take out an attorney's certificate and hold a place upon the roll. 1861Mrs. H. Wood East Lynne v, He was on the rolls but had never set up for himself. 1862A. Trollope Orley F. I. vii. 56 If I had..thrown over a client of mine by such carelessness as that, I'd—I'd strike my own name off the rolls.
4. A list of names used to ascertain whether each one of a set of persons is present; esp. Mil. (= muster-roll) or in scholastic use.
1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 106 Where's the Roll?..let them appeare as I call. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. ii. 143 He taketh a roll of the bands committed to his charge. 1687in Magd. Coll. & Jas. II (O.H.S.) 117 We called over the College Roll. 1799Wellington in Gurw. Desp. (1834) I. 37 It would surely be advisable to order the rolls to be constantly called, and to forbid any people to leave camp. 1828Scott F.M. Perth xx, A royal pursuivant was dispatched..to call over the roll of Sir John Ramorny's attendants. 1859Thackeray Virgin. xii, The roll of each company is called at morning, noon, and night.
5. attrib., as roll-bearer; Rolls-Arbitrer, Rolls-Buildings, Rolls-Chapel, Rolls-Court, Rolls House. Also, Rolls Series, a series of ‘chronicles and memorials of Great Britain and Ireland published under the direction of the Master of the Rolls’; so Rolls edition.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. Captaines 46 First a Student (under others' aw), Then Barister,..Then Queen's Solicitor, then Roules-Arbitrer. 1708J. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Gt. Brit. ii. iii. (1710) 571 Six Clerks of the Rolls-Chappel. 1841Penny Cycl. XX. 70/1 Rolls-Court, the Court of the Master of the Rolls, of which there are two, one at Westminster,..the other in the Rolls Buildings in Chancery Lane. 1849Rock Ch. of Fathers II. 381 A messenger, called from his office the Roll-bearer, carried it. 1884Morris Spec. Early Engl. II. 340 The English text of Trevisa in the ‘Rolls’ edition. 1887Furnivall Chron. R. Brunne Introd. xix, So much worthless repetition in Latin as the Rolls Series must..contain.
II.
6. a. A quantity of material (esp. cloth), rolled or wound up in a cylindrical form, sometimes forming a definite measure. Also, a number of papers, etc., rolled together.
1378–9Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 181 In tribus roll de worset..pro staminis faciend. 1391Earl Derby's Exped. (Camden) 89 Pro vno rolle de satyn nigri. 1440–1Durh. Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 627 Et pro 2 Rollez de Say pro camera Prioris. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon vii. 167 A hundred rolles of silke. 1540Act 32 Hen. VIII, c. 14 For euery rolle, packe, or maunde of cony skynnes, xviii.s. sterlynge. 1612A. Hopton Conservancy Yeares 164 A Rowle of parchment is 5 dozen, or 60 skins, a dozen is 12 skins. 1660Act 12 Chas. II, c. 4. Sched., Buckrams of the East country the roule or half-piece, v.s. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 85, I felt..the roll of English Lead,..but it was too heavy to remove. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. xiv. 127 The young man..had been making out a roll of bills while he was speaking. 1897M. Kingsley Trav. Africa 517 Quantities of gold dust, rolls of rich velvets, silks, satins, &c.
b. A quantity (usually small) of some soft substance formed into a cylindrical mass.
15..Hen. VIII in Vicary's Anat. (1888) App. ix. 221 When it [sc. the plaster] is nere colde, make yt in rolles. Ibid., Styrring it vntill it be plaster-wyse; and so make it vppe in rolles. 1641Milton Animadv. iii. 63 It..was a pectoral roule we prepared for you to swallow down to your heart. 1717Addison Ovid's Europa's Rape 27 Large rolls of fat about his shoulders clung. 1790J. Imison Sch. Arts II. 85 Pour it into water, and immediately make it up in rolls, and it is fit for use. 1809Powell tr. Lond. Pharm. (ed. 2) 324 [The soap plaster] must be formed into rolls when it begins to thicken. 1896Daily News 30 July 5/2 Ireland sells its butter by the cask and firkin; England, by the pound, and ‘roll’ of 24 ounces, the stone, and the hundredweight.
c. A quantity of tobacco leaves rolled up into a cylindrical mass; tobacco in this form.
1633Virginia Stat. (1823) I. 205 Noe tobacco..shall be made upp in rolle except betweene the first day of August and the last day of October. 1662J. Davies tr. Olearius' Voy. Ambass. 203 That which the Ambassadors sent..consisted in..a Vessel of Aquavitæ, and a Roll of Tobacco. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. 42, I raised fifty great Rolls of Tobacco on my own Ground,..and these fifty Rolls being each of above a 100 Wt. were well cur'd and laid by. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., The generality of Tobacco in America is there sold in Rolls, of various Weights. 1809R. Langford Introd. Trade 127 Tobacco in the roll. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 17/1 The finest tobacco however is made into rolls, which from their shape are called carrots. 1898Daily News 23 Apr. 5/1 The rebate on tobacco..for the manufacture of cigars and roll.
d. U.S. The specific name of part of an ox.
1884Harper's Mag. July 299/1 The division is made into..loins, ribs, mess, plates, chucks, rolls, rumps.
e. A quantity of bills or notes rolled together; hence, the money a person possesses. U.S. and Austral. Also phr. a roll Jack Rice couldn't jump over, a large quantity of money (Austral. slang).
1846Dollar Newspaper (Philadelphia) 22 Apr. 4/6 He also had a roll which he said contained $600. 1904N.Y. Times 16 May 5 It was as easy to be separated from one's ‘roll’ at a shell game there a quarter of a century ago as it was ten years ago. 1907‘O. Henry’ Trimmed Lamp 171 He drew out his ‘roll’ and slapped five tens upon the bar. 1912J. Sandilands Western Canad. Dict., Roll, or Wad, a person's present supply of dollar bills or paper money. Roll him is to rob him of his money. 1919H. L. Wilson Ma Pettengill ii. 62 [He] asked her how big her roll was, saying that he lived out there and it cost something to make a home. a1925[see cut v. 56 q]. 1926J. Black You can't Win iv. 35 No Missouri dip would take his roll, extract two fifty dollar bills, and put the rest back in his pocket. 1945Baker Austral. Lang. v. 107 A man..may even be fortunate enough to have a roll Jack Rice couldn't jump over. Jack Rice was a racehorse noted for his performances over hurdles. 1954T. Ronan Vision Splendid ii. 119 ‘I've got a roll Jack Rice couldn't jump over.’ Marty produced one of those wads of currency Mr. Tappingham had seen only in the cruder American films and started peeling off ten-pound notes. 1960‘N. Culotta’ Cop this Lot v. 82 Man walks around with a roll in 'is kick Jack Rice couldn' jump over, an' 'e's not worth a zac.
f. A quantity of photographic or cinematographic film supplied rolled up; a spool of film.
1890[see sense 14 c]. 1925Kodak Mag. July 109 It is quite a good idea to develop just one or two rolls, to make sure that you are giving correct exposures. 1960O. Skilbeck ABC of Film & TV Working Terms 110 Some Magazines hold..only two hundred feet of Stock and the Rolls are smaller than normal. 1973C. McCarry Miernik Dossier (1974) 147 I'm sending you a roll of snaps to keep for me... You can have them developed. 1976K. Thackeray Crownbird v. 82 Priest was loading a roll of Tri-X into a black Nikon.
g. spec. = music roll (b) s.v. music n. 13 d.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 767/1 The use of the perforated roll acts by means of the ingenious and indeed faultless application of pneumatic leverage to the ordinary piano. 1906,1913[see music roll]. 1921A. Huxley Crome Yellow x. 94 The music stopped... He..turned to the cabinet where the rolls were kept. He trod off the old roll and trod on the new. 1926, etc. [see piano roll]. 1928Melody Maker Feb. 161/3 Holding back the licenses of the ‘Mechanical’ reproductions on records and rolls. 1956S. Longstreet Real Jazz 129 James P. Johnson was a great man on the rolls. Till 1920 he punched a lot of rolls. After that he recorded sides. 1972Jazz & Blues Oct. 6/3 Changing the playing speed of the roll does not alter the pitch. 1977Times 25 June 26/9 (Advt.), Pianola piano..100 rolls..{pstlg}700.
h. A rolled-up quantity of a prohibited drug.
1962‘K. Orvis’ Damned & Destroyed v. 36 Loaded. Full of heroin. Carrying a roll, too. 1976Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ontario) 21 Jan. 45/3 Bruce denied any knowledge of the roll, claiming his suitcase had been left unopened in the motel.
7. a. A small quantity of cloth, wool, straw, etc., rolled up into the form of a band or fillet. Now spec. a carding of this form.
a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 78 b, Gold and purple veluet, embrodered with little rolles of white sattin. 1553Brende Q. Curtius D j, The diademe y⊇ King ware upon his head..had a roule about it of white and grene. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies vi. xii. 456 A red rowle of wooll, more fine then silke, the which hung in the middest of his forehead. 1683Salmon Doron Med. i. 318 Set it upon a Wreath, or rowl of Straw or Rushes. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 328 To keep them [ants] from Trees, incompass the Stem four Fingers breadth with a Circle or Roll of Wooll newly pluck'd from a Sheep's Belly. c1816Edin. Encycl. VII. 286 Children are employed to lift the rolls or rowans from the carding engine, and unite them on the feeding-cloth. 1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 169 The fleece..is turned out in rolls called cardings, upon an endless cloth placed in front of and beneath the fluted cylinder. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1962/1.
†b. A form of bandage; = roller n. 10. Obs.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. L ij, Y⊇ fore ende of the sayde rolle oughte to be sewed. And yf nede be there ought to take dyuers rolles. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physicke 306/2 We must rowle the same..with narrowe rowles, or with Fetles, according to the constitution of the disease.
8.
†a. A round cushion or pad of hair or other material, forming part of a woman's head-dress.
1538Elyot, Antiae, the heare of a woman that is layde ouer hir foreheed, nowe gentylwomen do call them their rolles. 1579Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 116 Take from them their..Iewells, their rowles, their boulstrings, and thou shalt soone perceiue that a woman is the least parte of hir selfe. 1600― Midas i. ii, ‘Now you can say no more of the head, begin with the purtenances...’ ‘The purtenances! it is impossible to reckon them vp... Hoods, frontlets,..ribbons, roles’ [etc.]. 1654MS. Diary, For a silver Cawl and Rowl for my sister... For a black Cawl and Rowl. 1725De Foe Voy. round World (1840) 133 Large flat plates of gold upon the hinder part of her head, something in the place of a roll, such as our women wear. 1777Sheridan Sch. Scandal ii. i, Your hair combed smooth over a roll.
fig.1597Middleton Wisd. Solomon xviii. 1 The pitchy night puts on a blacker rowl.
†b. A piece of cloth serving to form a turban.
1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 147 The gentlemen..hauing theyr heades bounde aboute with listes and rowles of sundry coloures after the maner of the Turkes. 1572in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 174 Bumbast to stuf Rowles for the Turkes heades. 1583in Hakluyt Voy. (1904) V. 252 About his head a linen rowle.
c. An annular pad for placing on the head in order to facilitate or ease the carrying of heavy articles on it. Now dial.
1681Grew Musæum ii. i. i. 182 A..Ring of Wood, almost in the shape of a Womans Head-Roll, but not so big. 1681W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. (1693) 1083 A roll for a woman's head, to carry things on, arculus. 1716Lady M. W. Montagu Let. to C'tess Mar 14 Sept., Those rolls our prudent milk-maids make use of to fix their pails upon. 1855[Robinson] Whitby Gloss., Roll, a circular pad, more or less annular in form, worn on the head by females who have to carry or support a heavy weight with that member.
†d. A support for a gown or petticoat, used instead of a farthingale. Obs. rare—0.
1611Cotgr., Hausse-cul, a French Vardingale; or (more properly) the kind of roll vsed by such women, as weare..no Vardingales. [1632Sherwood, Roll (which some women weare vnder their gownes), hausse-cul.]
†9. A billow, a roller. Obs. rare—1.
1535Coverdale Jonah ii. 3 All thy wawes and rowles of water went ouer me.
10. a. A small loaf of bread, properly one which has been rolled or doubled over before baking.
1581W. Fulke in Conf. iii. (1584) Q ij, The sacramental bread..was..a rowle of bread. 1598Florio, Pane buffeto, manchet bread or roule. c1618Moryson Itin. iv. iv. i. 332 These wemen present them with Rowles baked like dry Fritters. 1674S. Jeake Arith. (1696) 74 Waster Bread seems to be Rowles or fine manchet Bread used principally in Victualling Houses to drink with. 1711Swift Jrnl. to Stella 23 Dec., I have sat at home all day, and eaten only a mess of broth and a roll. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece i. ii. 98 Toast a whole French Roll, and put in the Middle of your Dish. 1790Trans. Soc. Arts VIII. 155 It made very light breakfast rolls. 1832Blackw. Mag. Jan. 11/2 New novels..are now looked for as regularly as rolls for the breakfast table. 1889Gunter That Frenchman iii, He sits down to his rolls, eggs, and coffee.
attrib.1844J. T. J. Hewlett Parsons & W. xxxvii, The milkman, the rollman, the butterman.
b. With punning allusion to sense 2 b.
1649J. Taylor (Water-P.) Wand. West 4, I left him in his shop, Lord Baron of the Browne Loaves, and Master of the Rolls (in that place). 1848Forster Goldsm. iii. vi. (1854) I. 310 He thought nature had meant him for a lord chancellor. ‘No,’ whispered Derrick, who knew him to be a wealthy baker from the city, ‘only for a master of the rolls.’
c. An item of food (other than bread) that is rolled up or doubled over before being cooked; chiefly with defining words, as fig-roll, meat roll, potato roll. See also jelly roll s.v. jelly n.1 4, pancake roll s.v. pancake n. 3, sausage roll s.v. sausage 4 d, Swiss roll s.v. Swiss a. 2.
1845E. Acton Mod. Cookery xvi. 420 Excellent meat rolls. Pound..veal, chicken, or turkey... Form it into small rolls..fold them in good puff-paste, and bake them. 1922Joyce Ulysses 25 A bag of figrolls lay snugly in Armstrong's satchel. a1944K. Douglas Alamein to Zem Zem (1946) 62 Meat roll and excellent ersatz coffee graced our menu. 1950Mrs. Beeton's Bk. Househ. Managem. 1181 Potato rolls... Cut the potatoes into small pieces... Roll out the paste to the thickness of 1/8 of an inch, cut in rounds or squares 4 inches across, fill each with the vegetables, fold it over like a turnover, and bake.
11. a. Arch. A spiral scroll used in Corinthian and Ionic capitals; a cylindrical moulding; a curl, volute. roll and fillet, ‘a round moulding with a small square fillet on the face of it’ (Francis).
1611Cotgr., Volute, the writhen circle, or curle tuft that hangs ouer, or stickes out of the chapter of a piller, &c.; and is tearmed by our workmen a Rowle, Cartridge, or Carthouse. 1660H. Bloome Archit. E j, The lesser rowles. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. 1026 Rolls..signifies in Gothic architecture mouldings representing bent cylinders. 1849Ruskin Sev. Lamps iv. §27. 116 It is a tracery of three orders;..the second and third orders are plain rolls. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. III. 40/2 A portion of the stone on either side was cut away, thus leaving the cylindrical roll clearly defined.
b. Building. A strip of wood, rounded on the top and fastened on the ridge or the lateral joints of a roof, to raise the edges of sheet-lead or zinc and so prevent the entrance of rain-water. hollow roll, one formed by the edges of two sheets of lead or zinc being bent over together.
1833Loudon Encycl. Arch. §1584 Lay on small joists..and rolls (pieces of wood rounded, to dress the edges of the lead over). 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 78/2 The Water falling on such roof..is carried off, and rolls and seams are rendered unnecessary. 1887T. Hardy Woodlanders I. viii. 141 The grey lead roofs were quite visible.., with their gutters, caps, rolls, and skylights. 1904Goodchild & Tweney Technol. & Sci. Dict. 288/2 Hollow roll, a lead roll made by bending over the edges of sheet lead, and so forming a tube. 1960B.S.I. News May 23 Guidance on the use of lead sheet used as a covering for roofs... Design methods for both the woodroll and hollow-roll systems.
12. A part which is rolled or turned over.
1671Grew Anat. Pl. i. iv. (1682) 31 The two Rowls beginning at each edge of the Leaf, and meeting in the middle. 1709Steele Tatler No. 15 ⁋4, I saw the Fellow..hide Two Cards in the Roll of his Stocking. 1713Swift Frenzy of J. Denny Wks. 1755 III. i. 139 The rolls of his stockings fell down to his ankles. 1821tr. Decandolle & Sprengel's Philos. Plants 55 The roll (ochrea) is commonly a cylindrical membrane... It appears as a peculiar organ in the Polygoneæ and Cyperoideæ. 1841S. Warren Ten Thousand a Year III. iii. 111 He had two waistcoats, the under one a sky-blue satin, (only the roll visible). 1898Hutchinson's Arch. Surgery IX. 363 The first was in the roll of the reflected prepuce.
13. Geol. An ore body in sedimentary rock that has a C- or S-shaped vertical cross-section cutting across strata. Freq. attrib.
1942Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 936. 363 The vanadium-bearing hydrous mica is..in part concentrated..in thin zones that cut across bedding. As the zones..are curved or wavy, they are called rolls by the miners. 1955Prof. Papers U.S. Geol. Survey No. 300. 239/1 Similarities between roll ore bodies and the more prevalent tabular ore bodies in sedimentary rocks of the Colorado Plateau. Ibid. 239/2 In cross section, rolls commonly show C, S, and ‘socket’ shapes.., but in plan are linear. 1976R. I. Rackley in K. H. Wolf Hand-bk. Strata-Bound & Stratiform Ore Deposits VII. iii. 116 The uranium ‘roll’ has long been known to uranium producers.
14. a. attrib., in sense ‘having the form of, made up in, a roll’, as roll bread, roll brimstone, roll candle, roll film, roll-shutter, roll tobacco, etc. Also † roll-fashion.
c1415in Rec. St. Mary at Hill p. xcvi, Small wex Roll Candelles, to make .v. crosses vpon the awter. 1442Rolls of Parlt. V. 61/1 Rolle Worsted xxx yardes long, and di. yard brode large. 1581W. Fulke in Conf. iii. (1584) Q ij, This thing is of long shape, or rowle fashion. 1665Pepys Diary 7 June, I was forced to buy some roll-tobacco, to smell to and chaw. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Roll, Roll Tobacco is what is used both for chewing and rasping. 1764Museum Rust. II. 174 Four ounces of roll brimstone. 1766Compl. Farmer s.v. Bread T 2/1 We also meet with symnel bread, manchet or roll bread, and French bread:..in roll bread there is an addition of milk. 1778Aikin tr. Beaume's Man. Chem. (1786) 224 Roll Sulphur. During its fixing it takes the crystaline arrangement observed in the inside of rolls of brimstone. 1839Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. II. 358/1 Improvements in roll-lead and other soft metals. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 912 The other kind is called roll arnotto. 1880Nature XXI. 210 The ‘roll-cumulus’ of the English Meteorological Office. 1895Montgomery Ward Catal. Spring & Summer 217/1, 1 Roll Film, for 25 exposures—.20 1 Box of 5 Rolls of Film (for 25 exposures each) 1.00. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXI. 690/2 In many ways the most convenient and compact hand cameras are those made specially for use with the roll-film cartridges in many different sizes. 1911Chambers's Jrnl. Feb. 141/2 At the kerb end the front is provided with a roll-shutter. 1913I. Cowie Company of Adventurers 311 Accordingly Whitford placed on the dressed buffalo skin which they had placed on the ground before them, two pint measures of tea and a yard of thick Canadian roll tobacco. 1922Rollshutter [see down-coming ppl. a.]. 1929Moberly & Cameron When Fur was King 35 One and a half feet of Canadian roll tobacco sold for one..made-beaver. 1933Discovery Feb. 59/2 Roll films are used, each roll containing one hundred exposures. 1951Yarsley & Kitchen in H. M. Langton Synthetic Resins (ed. 3) ii. 116 The bulk of the many millions of feet of cine film used throughout the world to-day is still celluloid, and 3½ mil celluloid is the base for amateur roll film. 1977J. Hedgecoe Photographer's Handbk. 10 By the 1890s George Eastman's rollfilm camera allowed many pictures to be taken at one loading.
b. Arch., as roll-moulding, roll-tracery. (Cf. 11 a.)
1830Whewell Arch. Notes German Churches Pref. 11 The interior..has..abundance of small roll mouldings. 1835R. Willis Arch. Mid. Ages 54 This enables us to divide it at once into two classes, Fillet-tracery and roll tracery. 1849E. Sharpe Dec. Window Tracery 53 Roll-tracery is more common in Geometrical, than in Curvilinear Windows. a1878Scott Lect. Arch. (1879) I. 248 The heaviness of large roll mouldings was often relieved by fillets.
c. Comb., as roll-carding-engine, roll-end, roll-holder; roll-munching adj.; also roll-boiling (see quot. 1839 and roller n. 24).
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 168 The finisher or roll-carding-engine differs from the scribbler in several particulars. 1839― Dict. Arts 1327 That part of the process where a permanent lustre is given usually by what is called roll-boiling; that is, stewing the cloth, when tightly wound upon a roller, in a vessel of hot water or steam. 1890Anthony's Phot. Bulletin III. 322 There is no scope for so fixing the roll holder in its case. 1970Toronto Daily Star 24 Sept. 27/1 (Advt.), Roll ends at cost. 1970G. F. Newman Sir, You Bastard viii. 210 The bar was packed with fat roll-munching office workers. 1976Bridgwater Mercury 21 Dec. 5/1 (Advt.), Room-size remnants. We must clear dozens of roll-ends to make room for new stocks.
III. 15. a. A cylindrical piece of wood or metal used to facilitate the moving of something; a roller; a windlass.
1426–7Rec. St. Mary at Hill (1905) 64 Payd for a rolle & ij goiouns of Iron & a rope, xiiij d. a1547Surrey æneid ii. 297 Underset the feet With sliding rolles. 1593Wills & Inv. N.C. (Surtees, 1860) 229 A towele rowle of wood, 2d. 1603Knolles Hist. Turks (1621) 539 [They] could not be out of their places removed, but..with leavers and roules put under them. 1683Pettus Fleta Minor i. 52 If you will have..your Silver hollow and thin for separation..granulate it over a Role. 1735J. Price Stone-Br. Thames 8 The Ribs..may be let down on Rolls. 1793Smeaton Edystone L. §259 Fitted out with a roll proper for heaving up the anchor and chains. 1842Gwilt Encycl. Arch. 1027 When blocks of marble..are to be moved, they use what are called endless rolls. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. Handbk. 39 A roll or jumper..keeps each wheel in its place.
b. Weaving. In the old hand-loom, a roller or beam round which the warp or the web was wound. Also attrib. and in combs. cane-roll, knee-roll, yarn-roll.
1538Elyot, Panus, also a weauers rolle, whereon the webbe of clothe is rolled or wounden. 1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong, Loupe, the roll of a weauers loome. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., 'Tis on such Rolls that the Woollen, Silken, and other Threads are wound, whereof the Weaver's Works consist. 1797Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 835/2 From this opening the web..passes to the knee roll or web beam.., round which it is rolled by means of the spokes. Ibid., Opposite to the breast-bar..is the cane-roll or yarn-beam. 1823Mech. Mag. 143 As he was turning on his cane at the cane spreaders, he missed his hold of the role stick. 1831G. Porter Silk Manuf. 215 The beam, or yarn-roll, on which the threads are wound.
c. Bookbinding. A revolving patterned tool used in impressing and gilding; also, the pattern produced by a tool of this kind.
1656Blount Glossogr. s.v., Books in Rolls are those which have a Roll of Gold on the edges of the Cover. 1687Miége Gt. Fr. Dict. 1, Roulette, à faire le bord des Livres, a Roll. 1818Art Bk.-binding 25 Have a piece of rough calf leather to rub your tools, rolls, letters, etc. upon. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 402 The fillets produce lines of various thicknesses.., whereas the rolls are covered..with a complicated pattern. 1890[see fillet n. 11 c].
†16. Naut. (See quots.) Obs.
1611Cotgr., Molinet,..the roll wherein the whip of a Rudders tiller goes. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 12 The Whip-staffe..going thorow the Rowle, and then made fast to the Tiller with a Ring. 1644H. Manwayring Seaman's Dict., Roll, is that round piece of wood or iron, wherein the whip doth go. [Hence in later Dicts.]
17. a. A roller used for levelling soil or crushing clods.
1634Althorp MS. in Simpkinson Washingtons (1860) App. p. lxvii, A stone roale for the walkes. 1651R. Child in Hartlib Legacy (1655) 107 This spreading of the Root is probable to be best effected by a Rowl, or some such thing. 1677Plot Oxfordsh. 248 A weighty Roll, not cut round, but octangular, the edges whereof meeting with the clods, would break them effectually. 1707Mortimer Husb. (1721) I. 28 In Oxfordshire they have Rolls made with Steel Edges, which as they go round cut the Turf. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 107 Oxen are precisely as convenient..in the waggon, in carts, and tumbrills, in rolls, &c. 1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. I. 475 A one-horse roll then follows to level the flag, or furrow. 1854Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. XV. ii. 483, I have found it advisable to use the roll occasionally to firm the soil. 1899Rider Haggard Farmer's Year 148 First a roll drawn by one horse is passed over the land.
b. A roller used to crush, flatten, or draw out something, esp. in metal-working.
1656Cromwell in Grose's Antiq. Rep. (1808) II. 411 Liberty to use all or any singular presses, rolls and cutters. 1676J. Worlidge Cyder (1691) 103 Let the cylinders or rolls be about eight or ten inches in diameter. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Rolls, in Coining, are two Iron Instruments of a cylindrical Figure, which serve to draw or stretch out the Plates of Gold, Silver, and other Metal. 1753in 6th Rep. Dep. Kpr. Rec. App. ii. 127 Cast metallic Rolls for the crushing..or grinding of..any kind of Grain. 1843Holtzapffel Turning I. 184 The rollers or rolls of the ironworks are turned of a variety of forms. 1884W. H. Greenwood Steel & Iron 319 The Rolls employed for the conversion of the shingled bloom of malleable iron into puddled bar, or into merchant bars, plates, sections, &c.
c. Paper-making. (See quot. 1875.)
1875Knight Dict. Mech., Roll, a cylinder mounted with blades for working paper-pulp in the tub. 1880J. Dunbar Pract. Papermaker 29 The journals of the roll shaft should be frequently wiped, and no stuff..allowed to escape at the ends of the roll or from below the edge of the roll cover.
18. attrib. and Comb., as roll-carriage, roll-press, roll-printing, roll-train; roll-turner; roll-produced adj.; roll feed, a feed mechanism supplying paper, strip metal, etc., by means of rollers; so roll-feeding vbl. n.; roll-fed ppl. a.; roll-forming vbl. n., cold forming of metal by repeated passing between rollers; so roll-form v. trans.; roll-formed ppl. a.; roll mark, a mark produced on sheet metal in flattening it with an imperfect set of rollers.
See also 17 c, and Knight Dict. Mech. (1875).
1793Smeaton Edystone L. 196 The upright views of the *Roll carriage..shew distinctly the manner of supporting the axis of the rolls on iron frames.
1967Karch & Buber Offset Processes ii. 31 Flexo⁓graphic. This process involves the use of rotary (web or *roll fed) printing from rubber plates.
1968Gloss. Terms Mechanized & Hand Sheet Metal Work (B.S.I.) 19 *Roll feed, a feed mechanism that imparts continuous or intermittent motion to strip by means of rollers in contact with both surfaces.
1967V. Strauss Printing Industry vi. 362/2 *Roll feeding was originally developed for the production of metropolitan newspapers by relief printing. Ibid. 363/1 Designers of roll-feeding machinery have devised a number of different roll-feeding methods.
1949Tool Engineers Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Tool Engineers) 989 Most sheet and strip metals can be successfully *roll-formed. 1958Times Rev. Industry June 20/1 The cylindrical body sections are made from two plates, roll-formed cold to shape and welded together. 1971Engineering Apr. 59/1 Some permanent plastic coatings..will endure the metal to which they are applied being drawn, roll-formed, bent, and pressed, without cracks developing or the coating peeling.
1949Tool Engineers Handbk. (Amer. Soc. Tool Engineers) 989 Generally speaking, the sharpest corner practicable to maintain on a *roll-formed section would be one having an outside radius equal to the metal thickness. 1977Engin. Materials & Design Aug. 50/3 Because the rivets are roll-formed, they are straighter than extruded rivets.
1932E. V. Crane Plastic Working of Metals v. 91 Bending Operations.—Bar-folders, brakes, drawbenches, *roll-forming machines and bending dies in presses share the field. 1954J. F. Young Materials & Processes (ed. 2) xix. 805 Roll forming consists of passing strip stock between sets of shaped driven rollers. 1967S. Kalpakjian Mech. Processing of Materials vi. 202 A further development of roll forming is the production of welded tubing, starting with a flat strip.
1923Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics V. 364/1 The effect of alternate heating and cooling is to cause small cracks in the surface of the rolls, which lead to slight ridges, or ‘*roll marks’. 1962G. R. Bashforth Manuf. Iron & Steel (ed. 2) IV. iv. 138 Sections are liable to develop certain defects, such as..‘roll marks’ due to defective or badly worn rolls.
1866Tomlinson's Cycl. Usef. Arts II. 461/2 Copper-plate and lithographic printing is performed at a *roll-press.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 198 Printing from continuous paper is known as ‘web-printing’, ‘*roll-printing’, or ‘reel-printing’.
1952J. B. Oldham Eng. Blind-Stamped Bindings i. 4 The use of a *roll-produced decoration.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Roll-train, the set of plain or grooved rolls through which iron or steel piles, ingots, blooms, or billets are passed, to be rolled into various shapes.
1884B'ham Daily Post 24 Jan. 3/4 *Rollturners.—Journeymen Wanted.
▪ II. roll, n.2
Also 7 rowle, 8 rowl.
[f. roll v.2]
1. a. The act of rolling; the fact of moving in this manner.
1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 7 Upon the Rowl of a Sea, all the Chain-Plates to Wind-ward broke. 1847C. Brontë J. Eyre xxv, I wish I could forget the roll of the red eyes. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) I. vi. 194 The roll of the Atlantic was full, but not violent. 1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. II. 916 In tobacco intermittence the patient is, I believe, always conscious of the stop and roll-forward [of the heart].
fig.1827Scott Jrnl. 15 June, The conversation took its old roll. 1868Tennyson Spiteful Let. 8, I hear the roll of the ages. 1884G. Allen Philistia I. 5 Before he can set things fairly on the roll for better arrangement.
b. With a and pl. A single act, spell, or occasion of rolling. In go and have a roll: go away, ‘get lost’ (slang).
1802–12Bentham Ration. Judic. Evid. Wks. 1827 IV. 34 It has never yet been proposed that they should..take a roll in the contents of a night-cart. 1820T. Mitchell Aristoph. Clouds (1838) 8 These places of exercise for horses were strewed with dust,..and a roll in them seems to have been allowed the Greek horses. 1877Tennyson Harold v. i, If this war-storm in one of its rough rolls Wash up that old crown of Northumberland. 1941Baker Dict. Austral. Slang 34 Have a roll!, go and, go to the devil! 1959I. & P. Opie Lore & Lang. Schoolch. x. 192 Juvenile language is well stocked..with expressions inviting a person's departure, for instance:..go and have a roll.
c. A rolling gait or motion; a swagger. Esp. in phr. to have a roll on and varr.: to have a conceited bearing, to give oneself airs (Eng. Public School slang).
1836–7Dickens Sk. Boz, Characters vii, That grave, but confident, kind of roll, peculiar to old boys in general. 1881C. E. Pascoe Everyday Life in our Public Schools 160 Anything approaching ‘swagger’ is severely rebuked; there is no more objectionable quality than that understood by the expression, ‘He's got such a horrid roll on’. 1908D. Coke House Prefect i. 11 Brereton, they decided, had a bit of a roll on. 1913A. Lunn Harrovians iii. 53 Ewen was an ugly lout, and was beginning to put on roll...after the game, his tendency to ‘put on roll’ was duly checked in the approved fashion.
d. (An act of) rotation of a vehicle or craft about an axis parallel to its direction of motion.
In the case of ships the movement consists of a partial rotation, immediately reversed, caused by wind or waves; with aircraft it is either a similar unintended movement or a deliberate manœuvre consisting of a complete turn through 360°; with motor vehicles and helicopters it is a tipping (outwards and inwards respectively) in cornering.
1862W. Froude Rolling of Ships 75 All ships having the same ‘periodic time’, or period of natural roll, when artificially put in motion in still water, will go through the same series of movements. 1907J. Masefield Tarpaulin Muster xvi. 161 At the last of her rolls there comes a clattering of tins, as the galley gear and whack pots slither across to leeward, followed by cursing seamen. 1912Techn. Rep. Advisory Comm. Aeronaut. 1911–12 102 The pendulum movement from side to side..misleads the pilot into operating his wing flaps to recover the vertical position of his body. By this he may aggravate the roll. 1918W. G. McMinnies Pract. Flying x. 194 The roll, which consists of making the machine loop sideways and continue in the same direction as it was travelling before the manœuvre, is done with the engine on or off. 1920Nature 11 Mar. 47/2 For use on board ship the compass must be mounted..so that the rolls..shall have but small effect on the compass. 1942N. MacMillan How to pilot Aeroplane xv. 100 The full roll, the half roll, and the double half roll can all be made on the glide or during a zoom as well as on the level. 1945J. M. Labberton Marine Engineers' Handbk. ix. 1389 The maximum velocity will occur at the vertical position and diminish to zero at the extremities of the roll... The maximum dynamic effect will occur at the maximum angle of roll. 1953M. Rauscher Introd. Aeronaut. Dynamics 660/2 (Index), Roll or Bank, angle of. 1957J. Shapiro Helicopter iii. 52 The sideways attitude of the helicopter against the horizon is known as its ‘roll’. A more frequently used term for the same condition is ‘bank’. 1961Times 28 Mar. 4/6 There is a good deal of roll when cornering fast. 1967,1974[see pitch n.2 2 b]. 1974Physics Bull. Jan. 11/1 The six component wind tunnel balance..will be able to measure three forces (lift, drag and side force) and three moments (pitch, yaw and roll) on any aircraft model it supports. 1978Lancashire Life Apr. 141/1 The Fiat 132-2000 rides very well indeed on all kinds of road surface and corners capably with a minimum of roll.
e. Gymnastics. An exercise in which the body is rolled into a tuck position and turned in a forward or backward circle.
1898F. Graf et al. Hints to Gymnasts iii. 176 Before attempting any kind of..rolls..or handstands, the pupil should have mastered thoroughly all kinds of straight arm swinging exercises. 1920, etc. [see neck-roll s.v. neck n.1 17]. 1935Encycl. Sports 331/1 When half the roll has been accomplished the hands are changed from behind the head to a position in front, so that the body is then pivoted on the inside of the arms. 1955Simple Gymnastics (‘Know the Game’ Series) (ed. 2) 25 Forward Roll—Bend forward and take the weight of the body on the hands. Tuck the head well under and roll with the knees on the chest. 1956Kunzle & Thomas Freestanding ii. 32 From a forward roll to stand, to a cartwheel sideways down the same line as the roll.
f. A throw (at dice).
1926G. Ade Let. 26 Oct. (1973) 114 This kind of party [sc. a ‘Monte Carlo’ party] is the wildest and most hilarious thing you ever heard. Before we got through Sunday evening the crap shooters were rolling for a hundred thousand a roll. 1966O. Norton School of Liars iv. 62 Ben rattled the dice-box. ‘Now..we'll have a quick roll before Hank the Bank comes, and I think Scott's in the chair.’ 1969R. C. Bell Board & Table Games II. v. 91 The first caster throws all five dice on his first roll. 1974Times 20 Feb. 19/2 We are still schooling craps on this and we think we can make it on the next roll.
g. colloq. An act of sexual intercourse. a roll in the hay: see hay n.1 3.
1942Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §362/1 Copulation,..roll. 1962P. Green tr. S. de Beauvoir's Prime of Life i. ii. 80, I had several unpleasant incidents with truck drivers, not to mention a commercial traveler who wanted me to have a roll with him in the ditch, and left me flat in the middle of the road when I refused. 1976P. Ferris Detective viii. 146 It involves State Security. Your Rosemary has been having a roll with a Cabinet Minister.
h. In colloq. phr. on a roll (orig. N. Amer.), enjoying a sequence of successes or a run of good fortune.
1976[see winning streak s.v. winning vbl. n.1 9]. 1979Tucson Mag. Jan. 26/1 Now she is 26 and on a roll. 1983Christian Science Monitor 5 Dec. 43/2 The paranoia of seeing the Soviets on a roll, the sense of the U.S. in decline, has about evaporated. 1984Times 21 Mar. 19/2 The economy is on a powerful roll, but I am not worried about overheating. 1985New Yorker 29 Apr. 55/2 Culpepper was on a roll... He could do no wrong.
2. Mil. Of a drum: A rapid, uniform beating, produced by alternate strokes of the sticks, and falling upon the ears as a continuous sound. long roll (see quot. 1802).
1688Holme Armoury iii. xix. (Roxb.) 154/2 The maner of which beatings is performed by..down right and rowling blows, for which they haue these termes: A Roofe. A Rowle [etc.]. 1802James Milit. Dict. s.v. Role, Long roll, a beat of drum by which troops are assembled at any particular spot or rendezvous or parade. 1842Lever J. Hinton v, Amid the thunder of cannon, the deafening roll of drums. 1861in Post Soldiers' Lett. (1865) 56 We were so close to their batteries that we could hear..the drums beating the ‘long roll’.
transf.1876Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms s.v., In the case of a tambourine, the roll is produced by a rapid succession of blows from the knuckles.
3. a. Of thunder, etc.: A loud, reverberating peal; a continuous reverberation; a prolonged shout.
1818Keats Endym. i. 289 A shout from the whole multitude arose, That linger'd in the air like dying rolls Of abrupt thunder. 1839Dickens Nich. Nick. xxii, The roll of the lighter vehicles which carried buyers and sellers to the different markets. 1847De Quincey Sp. Mil. Nun v. Wks. 1853 III. 9 The crowd saluted her with a festal roll, long and loud, of vivas. 1889Conan Doyle M. Clarke 3 The crash of guns, like the deep roll of a breaking wave.
b. Phonetics. = trill n.2 3. Cf. roll v.2 4 c, rolled ppl. a. 4.
1950D. Jones Pronunc. of Eng. (ed. 3) i. 95 Another variety of the ‘burr’ is a uvular fricative sound (without roll)... One may also hear a uvular roll with accompanying friction. 1973J. D. O'Connor Phonetics ii. 47 Rolls consists of several rapidly repeated closures and openings of the air passage, as in the rolled r-sounds of Scottish or Italian... [The] uvular roll is common in Dutch for r and may be heard in French and German too—the sound is reminiscent of a gargling noise.
4. A rich sonorous or rhythmical flow of words in verse or prose.
1730–46Thomson Autumn 17 Thy tongue, Devolving thro' the maze of eloquence A roll of periods, sweeter than her song. 1858Froude Hist. Eng. IV. 481 The beautiful roll of its language mingles with the memories of childhood. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 11 Fancy, borne perhaps upon the rise And long roll of the Hexameter. 1870Huxley Lay Serm. iii. (1874) 49 The roll of Ciceronian prose.
5. a. Mus. The sounding of the notes of a chord in rapid succession; arpeggio.
1890in Cent. Dict.
b. (See quot.)
1886Appleton's Ann. Cycl. XI. 87 The roll is the most characteristic of all the canary-notes. This even and continuous roll is as perfect as the trill of any instrument.
6. An undulation or swell on the surface of land.
1874Sir J. P. Kay-Shuttleworth Ribblesdale III. 153 Drained into hollows between gentle rolls of land. 1902‘Linesman’ Words Eyewitness 285 As she looks for the form of her absent ‘man’ across the great yellow rolls of the veldt.
7. Mining. (See quots.)
1851Greenwell Coal-trade Terms, Northumb. & Durh., Roll: see Balk. 1862Min. & Smelting Mag. I. 313 ‘Swells’, or ‘rolls’, and ‘nips’, are names given to a rising up in the floor of a coal bed, and where the roof and the floor both swell out, so as to reduce the thickness of the bed. 1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Roll, see Bump. [A very sudden breaking, sometimes accompanied by a settling down, or upheaval of, the strata, during the working away of the mineral.]
8. attrib. and Comb., as roll angle, roll plane; roll axis, the axis about which a vehicle or craft rolls; roll bar, an overhead metal bar to protect the occupants of a motor vehicle in the event of its overturning; roll cage, in a motor vehicle, a centre box section designed to protect the occupants if the vehicle overturns; also attrib.; roll cast Angling (see quot. 19601); hence as v. trans. and intr.; roll-casting vbl. n.; roll rate, the angular velocity of a vehicle or craft about its roll axis.
1961Which? Reports on Cars 14 Published reports so far have been based on subjective assessment of *roll angle. 1970Motoring Which? July 99/2 All three had low roll angles.
1950Newton & Steeds Motor Vehicle (ed. 4) xxxi. 566 The *roll axis for a car having axles at front and back will be some distance above ground level while that having independent suspensions at front and back will have a roll axis lying at ground level. 1962Roll axis [see pitch axis s.v. pitch n.2 26].
1954Amer. Speech XXIX. 101 *Roll bar, n., a curved bar welded or bolted to the frame rails extending upward in back of the driver's seat to protect him in case he ‘flips’ over. 1957Life 29 Apr. 133 In sanctioned meets cars must have roll bars over driver's seat. 1969H. Nielsen Darkest Hour xiii. 143 Goddard..went over the embankment... The car has a roll bar, but you can see what happened. The door sprung open and he went out of it head first. 1979Tucson Mag. Mar. 25/1 A removable forward hardtop and a convertible softtop rear window are separated by a Targa-style rollbar.
1972Sci. Amer. Apr. 9/3 (Advt.), And ‘*roll cage’ construction. The kind that soon, by law, may be required on all cars. 1973Times 18 Oct. 35/3 The body comprises a one-piece glass-fibre outer shell on a steel monocoque centre section, with built-in rollcage. 1976Good Motoring May 12/1 The roll-cage passenger compartment and anti-intrusion bars in the doors to help in side impacts.
1934R. Kelly Fishing 9 (heading) The *Roll Cast. This cast is used where trees and brush overhang the banks of the stream. 1947R. Bergman With Fly, Plug & Bait ii. vi. 113 A skillful and long roll cast is essential. Ibid., When roll casting I grease my line carefully. Ibid., My torpedo head tapered line also has rather a stiff finish and roll-casts well. 1960Edwards & Turner Angler's Cast x. 101 The Spey cast..is the simplest roll cast. Ibid. 105 If the angler is fishing the left bank of the river, with obstructions behind him, his only method of getting the line out is to roll cast. 1960C. Willock Anglers' Encycl. 158/2 Roll-cast, a fly cast in which the line is picked off the water without being thrown behind. 1972Trout & Salmon June 58/3 Then make a roll-cast, but instead of roll-casting the line on to the water, roll it into the air.
1947R. Bergman With Fly, Plug & Bait ii. vi. 113, I have a special level line with a rather stiff finish which is especially fine for *roll casting. 1960Edwards & Turner Angler's Cast x. 101 The average angler..thinks nothing of roll casting, with constant changes of direction, for half-a-day on his own trout stream.
1971Aeronaut. Jrnl. LXXV. 295/2 Some selected type of manoeuvre, such as pitch attitude, or pitch rate, or normal acceleration, and corresponding quantities in the *roll plane.
1961W. R. Kolk Mod. Flight Dynamics viii. 146 An airplane's ability to roll is properly a characteristic of its maneuverability, but is also a cornerstone of its flying qualities by reason of the unstable pitch-yaw resonance encountered at *roll rates exceeding the natural frequencies in either pitch or yaw. 1975G. H. Saunders Dynamics of Helicopter Flight v. 178 When the roll rate builds up to the point where the damping moment equals the control moment, no further increase in roll rate is achieved.
▪ III. † roll, n.3 Obs. rare.
In 5 rolle, 6 roule.
[a. OF. roele, roelle (mod.F. rouelle), dim. of roe, roue wheel.]
A flat, circular object; a disk.
c1450M.E. Med. Bk. (Heinrich) 214 Tak a gret rote of radysche, & pare hyt, & kytte hyt on fyfty Rounlettes,..& on þe morowe ete ix rolles fastyngge. 1480Caxton Myrr. iii. iv. 130 Thus..she goth til she be al rounde, fayre, and clere in semblaunce of a rolle, and that we calle the ful mone. c1550H. Lloyd Treas. Health. N vj, To cause the stone to breke.., make ten or more roules of Radyshes rotes [etc.].
▪ IV. roll
obs. form of rôle.
▪ V. † roll, v.1 Obs.
Also 4–5 rolle.
[f. roll n.1]
To enrol; to write (a name, etc.) upon a roll, list, or register; to record (a statement or fact).
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 278, I can þe nouȝte assoille, Til þow make restitucioun.., And sithen þat resoun rolle it in þe regystre of heuene. a1400Morte Arth. 2641 [I am] Kydd in his kalander a knyghte of his chambyre, And rollede the richeste of alle þe Rounde Table! c1425Wyntoun Cron. viii. xl. 6191 Of archeris thare assemblid were Twenty thowsand, that rollyd war. c1450Cursor M. 92 (Laud, 416), That is but fantasy of this world As yt is yn many boke rold. 1545Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 16 To pas to Lauder.., and ressave the saidis musteris..and to roll thair names. 1597Skene De Verb. Sign. s.v. Ballivus, Quhen the Compter is charged..conforme to ane former compt, rolled of before. 1651Jer. Taylor Serm. for Year i. (1678) 138 None of you all..ever entered into this house of Pleasure, but he..had his name roll'd in the chamber of Death.
absol.1522Skelton Why not to Court 191 He rolleth in his recordes, He sayth, How saye ye, my lordes? Is nat my reason good?
▪ VI. roll, v.2|rəʊl|
Forms: α. 3–7 rolle, 4–7 role, 5 rollyn, 5–7 rol, 4 roll. β. 5–7 roule, 6–8 roul (7 rool), 6–7 rowle, 6–8 (9) rowl. γ. Sc. (and north.) 6 rou, 6– row, 8–9 rowe, 9 ro.
[ad. OF. roler, roller, rouler, = Prov. rolar (rotlar), Sp. rollar, Pg. rolar, Catal. rotolar, It. rotolare:—pop. L. *rotulāre, f. rotula, dim. of rota wheel. Hence also (M)Du. and G. rollen, Fris. rolje, rôlje, LG. rullen, Da. rulle, Sw. rulla.]
The following quotations illustrate the Scottish and northern forms:—1513 Douglas æneis i. v. 72 Threty lang twelfmonthis rowing our.1588A. King tr. Canisius' Catech. 97 To rou ȝour selfs in hair claith. 1677Lovers' Quarrel 153 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 259 In gold and silver thou shalt row. 1725Ramsay Gentle Sheph. iii. ii, A fundling..Right clean row'd up. 1787Burns Brigs of Ayr 120 In mony a torrent down the snaw-broo rowes. 1826J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 145 His collie, rowed up half asleep. 1885Strathesk More Bits ii, A clock is for keeping time if it's rowed up.
I. Transitive senses.
1. To move or impel forward (an object) on a surface by making it turn over and over; to shift about, to send down to a lower level, etc., in this manner. Also with up or down, away, etc. to roll the bones (U.S. slang), to play dice.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xlii. (Agatha) 255 Þane bad he schellis & brynnand cole straw in þe floure,..& nakyt þare-one hire rol. Ibid. xlv. (Christina) 218 He..gert foure wicht men to ga þat suld rol hire to & fra. 1423Jas. I Kingis Q. 163 So mony I sawe that than clymben wold, And failit foting, and to ground were rold. 1526Tindale Mark xvi. 3 Who shall rolle awaye the stone from the dore off the sepulcre? 1600Holland Livy xlii. II. 1124 They rolled downe two huge stones, whereof the one smote the King upon the head. 1665Sir T. Herbert Trav. (1677) 154 An Egg that fell from Heaven into Euphrates, and [was] by Fishes rolled on Land. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World (1757) 406 They rolled our casks down to the boat, but always expected a white face to assist them. 1743Bulkeley & Cummins Voy. S. Seas 27 As Mr. Cozens was rowling up a steep Beech a Cask of Pease, he found it too heavy for him. 1832J. Marcet Seasons, Spring (1847) 38 Off he would go, rolling along his hoop, and running after it. 1847Act 10 & 11 Vict. c. 89 §28 Every Person who rolls or carries any Cask, Tub, Hoop, or Wheel..upon any Footway. 1929H. W. Odum in Amer. Mercury Sept. 49/2 So we sets 'round in circle an' starts rollin' them bones. Ibid. 58/1 Gonna roll them bones. Gonna git some money an' play bad. 1945L. Saxon et al. Gumbo Ya-Ya vii. 127 Today in the colored sections of the city there are always circles of men ‘rollin' the bones’ playing Indian Dice, which is any game of Craps unsupervised by a syndicate and without a player for the ‘house’.
fig.1581R. Goade in Conf. iii. (1584) Q iiij, You heare his answere, this stone hath bene rowled enough. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche i. cxxxii, Let their Wheels in any Circle run But that which might their homage roul to thee! 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiii. 201 He had rolled off from the people the Reproach of Egypt. 1748Gray Alliance 49 Their Arms, their Kings, their Gods were roll'd away. 1857Heavysege Saul (1869) 186 How light the heart whose weight is from it rolled!
b. To drive or draw (a vehicle); to wheel (a cycle); to move by means of rollers.
1513Douglas æneis v. xii. 101 As the dirk nycht Rollit his cart ourthwort the polis brycht. Ibid. vi. ix. 115 By horssis four furth rollit wes his chair. 1535Coverdale Jer. xlvi. 9 Get you to horse backe, roll forth y⊇ Charettes. 1598Sylvester Du Bartas ii. i. iii. Furies 268 Already all rowle-on their steely Cars On th' ever-shaking..bars Of Stygian Bridge. 1648Hexham ii. s.v. Rol, Rolers wherewith a ship is Roled into the water, or into a haven. 1843Thackeray Haggarty's Wife Wks. 1898 IV. 499 Isn't he the most famous physician in Dublin, and doesn't he rowl his carriage there? 1894Outing XXIV. 291/1 He carried a lantern and I rolled the wheel over a fair road and a large dike.
c. To convey in a wheeled vehicle.
1778W. Pryce Min. Cornub. 146 Room to roll back the broken deads in a wheel-barrow. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy xxi, The gig is round the corner, and the little black mare will roll us over in no time. 1889Barrie Window in Thrums ii, He'll be to row the minister's luggage to the post-cart.
d. To cover (a distance) by cycling.
1895Outing XXVI. 361/1, I had rolled off seventy-seven miles from Allahabad.
e. absol. To bowl; to play at bowls. Also trans. To bowl (a game making a specified score, a number of strikes). U.S.
Cf. rolling vbl. n.2 1, quot. 1583.
a1864Hawthorne Amer. Note-bks. 291 There is a bowling-alley on the island, at which some of the young fishermen were rolling. 1974Cleveland (Ohio) Plain Dealer 13 Oct. c. 8/3 Marge Dimario, bowling in the Top Ten League at Ambassador Brookpark Lanes, rolled a 275 game. 1979Arizona Daily Star 1 Apr. c2/6 Earl Anthony..rolled nine strikes in the championship match yesterday.
f. Computers. to roll out, (a) (see quots. 1954, 19621); (b) to transfer (data held in a main memory) to an auxiliary store when a program of greater priority requires the former; similarly to roll in (in two senses).
1954Computers & Automation Dec. 20/2 Roll out, to read out of a register or counter by the following process: add to the digits in each column simultaneously; do this 10 times (for decimal numbers); when the result in each column changes from 9 to 0, issue a signal. 1962Gloss. Terms Automatic Data Processing (B.S.I.) 86 Roll out (to), for a counter which counts modulo n, to read its content by causing it to count a sequence of n pulses, determining at what stage in the sequence the content passes through zero. Ibid. 87 Roll in (to), to increase the content of a counter by causing it to count a sequence of pulses. 1969P. B. Jordain Condensed Computer Encycl. 435 When main memory is released by any program, or a task terminates and its space becomes available, a task that had been rolled out can be rolled in and restarted. 1970O. Dopping Computers & Data Processing ix. 123 The programs are..often stored in secondary memories, and the necessary program parts are rolled in to the primary storage when needed. When another program needs the memory space, some program parts may have to be rolled out to secondary storage again.
2. To form into a mass by turning over and over; to pile up in this manner. Also fig.
1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 97 Death..rouleth both rich and poore folke together. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 13 They rowled before them a bulwarke or countremure of earth. 1660F. Brooke tr. Le Blanc's Trav. 106 The tide..flowes with such fury and impetuosity, as it were mountains rolled up in water. 1667Milton P.L. vi. 594 Down they fell By thousands, Angel on Arch-Angel rowl'd, The sooner for thir Arms. 1757W. Wilkie Epigoniad v. 122 Round the Theban walls, Heaps roll'd on heaps, the mingled forest falls. 1859La Crosse (Wisconsin) Union 24 Oct. 2 He ought..to pitch in and help roll up a big majority for Randall. 1890Hosmer Anglo-Sax. Freedom 360 The enormousness of the might which the autocrat of all the Russias is so rapidly rolling up. 1892P. H. Emerson Son of Fens 13 The rollers are women who roll barley into ridges or tie the wheat. 1900Congress. Rec. 23 Jan. 1103/2 They answered them by rolling up a plurality of 5,665 votes for the member from Utah out of a total of 67,805. 1951Sun (Baltimore) 19 June 7/3 In the state elections of Lower Saxony..the SRP rolled up nearly 400,000 votes. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 4 July 11-a/1 The powerful PRI has always rolled up massive victories in every election during the past half century.
†b. To form (the brow) into wrinkles. Obs.—1
1635–56Cowley Davideis i. 130 Thrice did he knock his iron teeth, thrice howl, And into frowns his wrathful forehead rowl.
3. To drive or cause to flow onward with a rolling or sweeping motion. Also with down.
1667Milton P.L. ii. 583 Farr off from these..Lethe the River of Oblivion roules her watrie Labyrinth. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 544 Where proud Ister rouls his yellow Sand. 1726–46Thomson Winter 876 Where.., fring'd with roses, Tenglio rolls his stream, They draw the copious fry. 1792Scott Let. in Lockhart (1837) I. vii. 190 The river rolls its waves below me of a turbid blood colour. 1802Edin. Rev. I. 208 A river rolls down materials from every part of its channel. 1842Tennyson Locksley Hall 186 Mother-Age..help me as when life begun: Rift the hills, and roll the waters. 1901Daily Express 21 Mar. 5/6 Thames rolls the highest tide for two years.
refl.1704The Sequel xxxv, So Swelling Billows, when the Tempest cease, Foaming a while, they rowl themselves to peace. 1784Cowper Task ii. 145 The waters of the deep shall rise, And..Shall roll themselves ashore.
fig.1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, Praise of Pindar ii, So Pindar does new Words and Figures roul Down his impetuous Dithyrambique Tide. 1833Tennyson Dream Fair Women xlvii, Hearing the holy organ rolling waves Of sound on roof and floor Within.
b. To cause (smoke, etc.) to ascend in rolls.
1743Francis Horace's Odes i. i. 5 In clouds th' Olympic dust to roll, To turn with kindling wheels the goal. 1840Hawthorne Biogr. Sk. (1879) 173 The hearth..heaped with logs that roll their blaze and smoke up a chimney. 1887Bowen æneid ii. 758 Fierce fire by the wind to the rafters is rolled.
c. To bring up (wind) copiously.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. III. 474 He..sits up in bed, and rolls up wind, belching it forth boisterously for many minutes.
4. transf.
†a. to roll up, to recite rapidly. Obs.
1528Tindale Obed. Chr. Man. 81 b, It is ynough yf thou canst rowle vpp a payre of matenses or an evensonge and mumell a few ceremonies. 1591G. Fletcher Russe Commw. (Hakl.) 121 The boyes that are in the church answere all with one voyce, rowling it up so fast as their lippes can go.
b. To utter, give forth (words, etc.), with a full, rolling sound or tone. Chiefly with out.
1561Hoby tr. Castiglione's Courtyer i. E iv, Yf in singing he roule out but a playne note. 1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 16 A Preacher, if his conceipt be anything swift, that he can rolle it in the pulpit, must haue his reader at his elbow to fauor his voice. 1702tr. Le Clerc's Prim. Fathers 289 To seek to be Admired by the ignorant Vulgar, by rowling, as it were, some words, and reciting with an extraordinary swiftness. 1814Southey Carmen Tri. xvi, The happy bells, from every town and tower, Roll their glad peals upon the joyful wind. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xvi[i], Pen,..who was a very excitable person, rolled out these verses in his rich sweet voice, which trembled with emotion.
c. To pronounce or sound with a trill.
1846O. W. Holmes Rhymed Lesson Poet. Wks. (1895) 50 Don't, like a lecturer or dramatic star, Try over-hard to roll the British R. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xxvii[i], Rolling out his r with Gascon force.
5. To turn round on (or as on) an axis; to cause to revolve or rotate; to turn over and over in something or between the hands; also, to carry round in revolving.
c1400Brut 253 Þai..toke a spete of Copur brennyng, & put hit þrouȝ þe horne into his body, and oftetymes rollede þerwiþ his bowailes. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 45 Þan rolle þin stuf in þin hond, & couche it in þe cakys. 1530Palsgr. 693/1, I rolle a thyng bytwene my handes, je roulle. 1535Coverdale Lam. iii. 16 He hath..rolled me in the dust. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. i. iii, A branch or two of Saven anointed or rold in butter. 1667Milton P.L. vii. 499 Now Heav'n in all her Glorie shon, and rowld Her motions. 1736Gray Statius i. 41 And now in dust the polish'd ball he roll'd. 1799Wordsw. A slumber did my spirit seal 7 No motion has she now,..She neither hears nor sees; Rolled round in earth's diurnal course.
fig.c1400in Tundale's Vis. (1843) 121 Thus gud feyth is rolled upso downe.
refl.1596Dalrymple tr. Leslie's Hist. Scot. I. 152 That he mycht..with the gretter confidence row him selfe in al filthines. 1611Bible Micah i. 10 In the house of Aphrah rowle thy selfe in the dust. 1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) IV. 111 The porcupine..is said to roll itself upon the serpent, and thus destroy and devour it. 1796H. Hunter St.-Pierre's Stud. Nat. (1799) III. 341 A mountain of water which approached us from the Sea, rolling itself over and over. 1864Tennyson En. Ard. 823 As the year Roll'd itself round again to meet the day When Enoch had return'd.
b. In literal renderings of Heb. gālal.
1560Bible (Geneva) Ps. xxii. 8 He trusted [marg. roled] in the Lord. 1611Ibid., He trusted [marg. rolled himselfe] on the Lord. ― Ps. xxxvii. 5 marg., Rolle thy way vpon the Lord. 1637Sanderson Serm. (1681) II. 88 Roll thy self then upon His Providence, and repose thy self..upon His promises. 1659Hammond On Ps. cxxxi. 3 To roll and repose themselves wholly upon God.
c. Naut. Of vessels: To cast (masts, etc.) overboard, to submerge (tackle, etc.), by rolling.
1633T. James Voy. 107 Shee would haue rowled her Masts by the boord. 1799Naval Chron. I. 11 One of the store ships rolled away her masts. 1805in Nicolas Disp. Nelson (1846) VII. 168 note, The Santa Anna rolled over all her lower masts. 1868U.S. Rep. Munit. War 266 Three times..did the ship roll her main chains right under, and threw the water on the upper deck. 1882Nares Seamanship 198 Booms..have been..rolled overboard off the yards.
d. To cause to swing or sway from side to side.
1804J. Grahame Sabbath 2 As his stiff unwieldy bulk he rolls, His iron-arm'd hoofs gleam in the morning ray. 1836Sir G. Head Home Tour 208 Whenever..he gave the emphatic word of command ‘Rowl her’ the crowd..trotted across the deck. 1904Westm. Gaz. 16 Aug. 8/1 The crew..then tried the old whalers' dodge of rolling the ship with all hands.
refl.1848Dickens Dombey xxxiv, Then she..resumed her chair,..and rolling herself from side to side, continued moaning and wailing to herself.
e. To cause to fall and turn over by means of a blow, shot, etc.; to bowl over.
1850R. G. Cumming Hunter's Life S. Afr. (ed. 2) I. 154, I got within range, and with a single ball I rolled him over in the dust. 1888Henty Cornet of Horse xii, Falling back under a tremendous fire, which rolled over men and horses.
f. To rob (esp. someone drunk, drugged or sleeping). slang.
1873A. S. Evans À la California xii. 298 When one of these fellows makes a raise by ‘rolling a drunk’ (i.e., taking the valuables from the pockets of a drunken man on the sidewalk), he will take a single bed at 37½ cents. 1892C. C. Jenkyns Hard Life in Colonies 165 To ‘roll drunks’ was to frequent drinking saloons, to follow any man who left drunk, roll him into the gutter and rob him. 1912[see roll n.1 6 e]. 1923A. Price Dreams 3 My money, I kept in my cutter shoes, And I wasn't rolled the endurin' trip, So the whole ten days I hit the booze, With a downhill haul, and I let her rip. 1935Sun (Baltimore) 2 July 1/1 We decided to get him drunk in his room the next night..and roll him. 1939R. Chandler Big Sleep xx. 167 Here we are with a guy who..has fifteen grand in his pants... Somebody rolls him for it and rolls him too hard, so they have to take him out in the desert and plant him among the cactuses. 1949Life 24 Oct. 23 She heard her new friends kidding about rolling guys. 1955W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 940 She paid all the bills at the George Sank and gave him a terrific time for a couple of days and then rolled him. 1958G. Greene Our Man in Havana v. v. 245 In some of these places they try to roll you. 1960Times 21 Sept. 3/7 We walked through a few back streets and Lutt suggested ‘rolling’ (robbing) someone. 1962E. Lucia Klondike Kate iv. 107 The dames seldom rolled the miners or slipped them a Mickey. 1968Globe & Mail Mag. (Toronto) 13 Jan. 7/4 If a hustler is not himself homosexual,..he is called ‘trade’. Rough trade refers to hustlers who are liable to beat up or roll the homosexual, either after or instead of sexual relations. 1974in W. R. Hunt North of 53 Degrees vii. 42 If you don't get drunk, you don't get rolled. 1978Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 22 Apr. 10/4 He had given much thought before sentencing two aboriginal women..for ‘rolling’ a man in a hotel.
g. To start moving; spec. (esp. in command roll 'em) to start (cameras) filming. slang.
1939J. Dell Nobody ordered Wolves iv. 51 Someone shouted, ‘Roll 'em,’ and, someone else, ‘Quiet there.’ 1949R. Chandler Little Sister xix. 131 He went back beside the camera. The assistant shouted ‘roll 'em’ and the scene went through. 1959Elizabethan June 26/1 The director call out ‘Action’ to the actors, then ‘Roll 'em’ and the cameraman starts the camera. 1973J. Drummond Bang! Bang! You're Dead! xxxi. 107 We may need the trucks at any time... I'll phone if I want you to roll 'em. 1977Rolling Stone 21 Apr. 63/6 ‘Roll 'em’! crackled over the radio.
h. fig. To reduce, cut back (esp. prices). U.S.
1943Funk & Wagnalls New Stand. Encycl. Yearbk. 1942 81/1 In many instances, wholesale or manufacturers' prices were ‘rolled back’ to an earlier date. 1943Sun (Baltimore) 29 May 1/3 We are, therefore, confronted with the choice of rolling back the cost of living..or permitting an adjustment of wages and other income in line with the increase in the cost of living. 1944Ann. Reg. 1943 i. 287 Four ‘pressure groups’..decisively vetoed the President's plan to ‘roll back’ farm prices to the level of the previous September. 1951Manch. Guardian Weekly 15 Mar. 10/4 The Tampa Tribune in Florida..prominently reported,..the Government's promise to roll back meat prices. 1972Daily Tel. 25 Apr. 4/7 From first reports, he thought perhaps 10 per cent. of America's large businesses would be required to ‘roll back’ prices because of excessive profits. 1975Washington Post 26 Dec. a 22/1 The focus of this..bill is its attempt to roll back oil prices. 1977Time 25 July 5/2 Fully 1.15 million workers were jobless in June... Unless the Giscard regime can roll back that figure, it could become a lethal weapon in the hands of the left.
i. Econ. With over. To finance the repayment of (maturing stock, or the debt it represents) by the issue of new stock.
1957Jrnl. Finance Mar. 52 Since the success of a refunding offer is measured in terms of the percentage of the maturing obligation which is ‘rolled over’ into the new issue, it is required that the Treasury tailor its terms to the needs of the market. 1959Wall St. Jrnl. 27 Jan. 17/3 Government bond dealers said that they expect the Treasury to announce late this week its plans for refunding nearly $15 billion of Federal debt maturing next month. How the Treasury will roll over these securities is anybody's guess. 1973Daily Tel. 15 Sept. 23/3 Existing maturities are normally ‘rolled over’ (refinanced on their redemption date by the issue of further bonds at whatever the going rate of interest happens to be), thus giving the municipal treasurer a virtually perpetual access to the money market. 1976Economist 16 Oct. 105/2 Even without any increase in interest rates since early April, 1976, the cost of servicing the national debt was bound to increase..from the need to roll over {pstlg}2.8 billion of gilt-edged stock due to mature during the year.
6. fig.
†a. To turn over in discourse. Obs.
c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 1061 O yrolled schal I be on many a tunge; Thurgh-oute þe worlde my belle schalbe runge.
b. To revolve, turn over (a matter) in the mind; † to consider, meditate upon (something).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. xi. (1868) 100 Lat hym wel examine and rolle with inne hym self the nature and the propretes of the thing. c1386― Pard. T. 839 Ful ofte in herte he rolleth vp and doun The beautee of thise floryns. c1400in Babees Bk. (1868) 333 Rolle faste this reasoun & thynke wele on þis clause. 1513Douglas æneis v. xi. 12 Juno,..Rolling in mynd full mony cankarit bloik, Has send adown.. Iris. a1586Sidney Ps. xxxv. ii, Those wrong doers..for my hurt each way their thoughtes did roule. 1687B. Randolph Archipelago 36 We resolved on an excuse, after rowling a great many. 1710Swift Let. 9 Sept. (Seager), I came home rolling resentments in my mind and framing schemes of revenge. 1855Tennyson Brook 198 So Lawrence Aylmer,..rolling in his mind Old waifs of rhyme,..Mused and was mute.
7. To turn (the eyes) in different directions with a kind of circular motion.
1513Douglas æneis x. viii. 23 On Turnus to behald, Our all his bustuus body, as he wald, Rollyng hys eyn. c1550Rhodes Bk. Nurture 174 in Babees Bk. (1868) 76 When thou shalt speake to any man, role not to faste thyne eye. 1593Shakes. Lucr. 368 About he walks, Rolling his greedy eyeballs in his head. 1667Milton P.L. xi. 616 Bred onely and completed to the taste Of lustful appetence, to..troule the Tongue, and roule the Eye. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 658 He..leaps upon the Ground; And hissing rowls his glaring Eyes around. 1781Cowper Expost. 53 They..roll'd the wanton eye, And sigh'd for ev'ry fool that flutter'd by. 1852Mrs. Stowe Uncle Tom's C. viii. 63 Sam, however, preserved an immovable gravity, only..rolling up his eyes, and giving..droll glances. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VII. 512 It was observed that ‘he rolled his eyes’.
8. To coil round and round upon itself or about an axis; to form into a roll or a ball; to wind, fold, or curl up; also fig., esp. in phr. to roll into one, to combine; spec. To make (a cigarette) by rolling paper round loose tobacco; phr. to roll one's own (sc. cigarettes); also fig. Hence roll-your-own attrib. and ellipt.
1526Tindale Rev. vi. 14 Heven vanysshed awaye, as a scroll when hitt is rolled togedder. 1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iii. i. 228 As the Snake, roll'd in a flowring Banke, With shining checker'd slough. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v., Ribbonds, however, and Laces, Galloons, and Padua's of all Kinds, are thus roll'd. 1753Chambers Cycl. Suppl. s.v. Leaf, Revolute leaf,..a leaf, the upper part of which rolls itself downward. 1791‘G. Gambado’ Annals of Horsem. v. (1809) 87 The genteelest method of rolling, strapping, and carrying their great coats. 1796Withering Brit. Pl. (ed. 3) I. 386 Oval spots underneath the points of the leaf, which are rolled back. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm III. 886 She then begins to roll the fleece from the tail towards the neck. 1859Geo. Eliot A. Bede xxxii, ‘I can't speak to that,’ said Mrs. Poyser, in a hard voice, rolling and unrolling her knitting. 1860J. W. Warter Sea-board II. 298 They shut themselves up like hedgehogs, or roll themselves into a ball.
fig.1650T. Hubbert Pill Formality 189 The very bowels of heaven been rowled together, and turned towards you. 1862Mrs. J. H. Riddell City & Suburb 216 (Hoppe), You talk like a saint and a philosopher rolled into one. 1867Freeman Norm. Conq. (1877) I. App. 768 Rolling together the Roman pilgrimage of Cnut, the marriage of Gunhild, and the Italian expedition of Conrad. 1879T. Hardy Let. 26 Mar. (1978) I. 64 It is possible that he & the ancestor of your relative were two different persons who were in India at the same time, & so got rolled into one. 1887Spectator 26 Feb. 287/2 Housemaid, butler, and footman rolled into one. 1907G. B. Shaw Major Barbara 167 My methods..would be no use if I were Voltaire, Rousseau, Bentham, Mill, Dickens, Carlyle, Ruskin, George, Butler, and Morris all rolled into one. 1951M. McLuhan Mech. Bride (1967) 135/2 He is the Supreme Court and human fate rolled into one. 1978N. & Q. Feb. 94/1 Social and political historian, literary critic and man of the theatre rolled into one.
1885Dickens Dorrit (1857) i. i. 6 He was now rolling his tobacco into cigarettes by the aid of little squares of paper. 1892H. G. Parker Pierre & his People 128 He slowly rolled a cigarette. 1893Leland Mem. I. 224 She rolled us each a cigarette. 1903A. Bennett Leonora iii. 69 He had extraordinary aptitudes for drawing corks..and rolling cigarettes. 1930Amer. Speech VI. 92 The following expressions belong to colloquialisms and slang, including movie and radio neologisms... Rolls its own. [Etc.]. 1932J. D. Carr Poison in Jest xi. 157 He produced papers and tobacco... ‘Good American,’ he announced. ‘I roll my own.’ 1934Webster, Roll one's own,..to do things without outside aid. 1936L. Hellman Days to Come i. 18 He has started to roll a cigarette. Quickly Julie offers him a box from the table. 1940Amer. Speech XV. 335/2 Cigarettes..may be home-made, rolls, or roll-your-owns. 1941N.Y. Times 25 July 14/5 ‘Ghosting’ is routine in public papers in the United States, and has been since our history began... Mr. Roosevelt proved again today that he can roll his own whenever he has the time and the inclination. 1952Arena (N.Z.) xxxi. 2 But then Charlie would have rolled himself one, and looked up at the hills and pretended he didn't hear. 1960J. McNamee Florencia Bay 59 Looks sixty. Thin face. Dark. Looks a little Indian but not our kind of Indian. Rolls his own. 1975R. L. Simon Wild Turkey (1976) xx. 149, I..took out some papers and started to roll a joint. 1977Daily Mirror 30 Mar., Roll-your-own cigarette tobacco will also go up—but pipe tobacco and cigars escape. 1980Forest Products News (Wellington, N.Z.) XVII. i. 6 He had come straight out of the bush with his roll-your-own.
b. With up. Also Sc. (in form row), to wind up (a clock).
1530Palsgr. 537/1, I enrolle, I rolle up a writyng, or any other thyng rounde. 1608Topsell Serpents (1658) 789 They take a Spiders web, rolling the same up on a round heap like a ball. 1671Grew Anat. Pl. (16° 4) 32 The Labels [of fern are] all rowled up to the main Stem. 1725Fam. Dict. s.v. Paste, Afterwards spread it [sc. paste] upon a Dish,..and roll it up in large Rolls. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Leaf, Instead of being plaited, they are rolled up. 1837Lockhart Scott I. ii. 74 The most venerable figure I had ever set my eyes on—tall and erect, with..stockings rolled up over his knees. 1848Dickens Dombey xviii, Rolling up his bed into a pillow.
fig.1609B. Jonson Masque of Queenes Wks. (1616) 947 To rowle up how many miles you haue rid. 1877Bryant A Rain-dream i, As the slow wind is rolling up the storm. 1895United Service Mag. July 429 The overwhelming force..could not fail to..roll up the Egyptian Army from that point. 1906Kipling Puck of Pook's Hill 221 Then the Winged Hats began to roll us up from each end of the wall. 1949Sun (Baltimore) 25 Nov. 1/3 Capture of these critical defenses..placed the Americans in position to roll up the whole Yamashita defense front. 1963‘J. Le Carré’ Spy who came in from Cold iii. 24 He had made a mistake in Berlin, and..his network had been rolled up.
refl.1774Goldsm. Nat. Hist. (1776) VII. 303 They all, when touched, contract themselves, rolling themselves up like a ball. 1834Penny Cycl. II. 353/2 Its..only defence when frightened or surprised, is to roll itself up.
c. Const. about, on, upon, round.
1530Palsgr. 693/1 Rolle this towayle aboute your legge. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xi. ⁋9 A round Wooden-Rowler or Barrel.., to contain so much of the Girt as shall be rowled upon it. 1697W. Dampier Voy. (1729) IV. x. 199 The Women..wear dried Thongs of the Sheeps Skins rouled round their Legs. 1753J. Bartlet Gentl. Farriery (1754) 244 Rags..may be rowled on. 1868Tennyson Lucretius 82 Then would I cry to thee To..roll thy tender arms Round him.
9. To wrap, envelop, or enfold in something; to wrap about with something. Also ellipt.
c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 38 Rere a cofyne of flowre so fre, Rolle in þo lampray. 1483Cath. Angl. 311/1 To Rolle, vbi to falde or to lappe. 1530Palsgr. 693/1 His arme was rolled aboute with grene sarcenet. 1588Hickock in Hakluyt Voy. (1599) II. 220 Comming out of the water, she rowleth herselfe into a yellow cloth of foureteene braces long. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage viii. vi. 639 Their Kings, whose bodies are..lapped in white skinnes, and rowled in mats. 1721Ramsay Morning Interview 88 The nymph..rolls her gentle limbs in morning-gown. 1787Pearson in Med. Comm. II. 136 The belly was rolled as usual. 1833Tennyson Two Voices 156 What time the foeman's line is broke, And all the war is roll'd in smoke. 1861C. Reade Cloister & H. lxiv, Gerard rolled himself in the bed-clothes.
b. With up.
1602Marston Ant. & Mel. i. Wks. 1856 I. 10 Could not the fretting sea Have rowl'd me up in wrinkles of his browe? 1607Chapman Bussy d'Ambois iii. ii, Like a Rippiers legs rowl'd vp in bootes of haie ropes. a1756Eliza Heywood New Present (1771) 262 Rolling it up dry in another clean cloth. 1799Underwood Dis. Children (ed. 4) II. 112 Keeping the fractured ends of the bones apposed to each other without rolling up the arm so tight as to occasion pain.
10. To spread out (paste) with a rolling-pin; to level or smooth (ground) with a roller; to render compact, smooth, or flat by means of pressure with a cylinder. Also with out.
c1430Two Cookery-bks. 46 Rolle it on a borde also þinne as parchement. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §15 They vse to role theyr barley-grounde after a shoure of rayne. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 99 Some rowleth their barlie straight after a raine. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 270 You may now rowl Wheat, if the weather prove dry. 1710Steele Tatler No. 203 ⁋8 He may have Grass-plots in the greatest Perfection, if he will..water, mow, and roll them. 1786Abercrombie Gard. Assist. 92 Clean and roll gravel walks, and pole, roll, and mow the grass lawns. 1837Penny Cycl. VII. 503/1 It [sc. the copper] is then cut..into pieces..of the required weight, which are heated in the muffle and rolled out. 1866Crump Banking x. 227 The gold bars are rolled cold to the thickness of the coin. 1891W. G. Grace Cricket 270 The captain should see that the pitch is carefully and thoroughly rolled.
absol.1801Farmer's Mag. Apr. 128 Then harrow and roll repeatedly; hand-picking as before.
b. To reduce (stone or rock) to a smooth, rounded form by propulsion in flowing water and consequent attrition.
1811Pinkerton Petral. II. 90 As those blocks..appeared to me rolled, I asked if they had been found in the beds of rivers. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 265 Columns of basalt being undermined and carried down..the river, and in the course of a few miles rolled to sand and pebbles.
c. To make or form by passing a material between rollers.
1967A. H. Cottrell Introd. Metall. xxii. 442 This principle has been particularly developed in Rohn and Sendzimir mills for rolling thin foil. 1972Daily Tel. 14 Apr. 21/2 This hid a 6 p.c. rise for the billets and nil rise for the reinforcing bars which are rolled from them.
11. to roll off, to cause (the frequency response of audio apparatus) to decrease smoothly at the end of its range; also to roll in or roll on, to cause a similar increase. Cf. sense 25 below.
1970J. Earl Tuners & Amplifiers v. 105 The receiver must incorporate a network which rolls the treble response off at the same rate as the transmitter rolls it on. 1975Hi-Fi Answers Feb. 69/3 In a three-way speaker you've got to get the mid-range to cover the whole of the speech band all in one go,..and you've got to get it down to at least two octaves below the frequency at which you want to roll it in. 1975G. J. King Audio Handbk. ii. 38 Some designers prefer deliberately to roll-off the bass around 30 Hz. 1976Gramophone Aug. 359/3 It also rolls off the curve sharply from 12·5 Hz to 6 Hz.
II. Intransitive senses.
12. To move by revolving or rotating on (or as on) an axis; to move forward on a surface by turning over and over. Also with advs., as along, down, forth, round.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 428 Þe fayre hede..felle to þe erþe, Þat fele hit foyned wyth her fete, þere hit forth roled. 1390Gower Conf. III. 216 Me thoghte I sih a barli cake, Which fro the Hull..cam rollende doun at ones. 1485Caxton St. Wenefryde 3 The hede rolled doun to the chirche dore. 1533Udall Floures 111 b, [Sisyphus] coulde neuer cause it to lye, but that it rolled downe to the hylles foote agayne immediately. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, iii. vi. 38 Her foot..is fixed upon a Sphericall Stone, which rowles, and rowles, and rowles. a1616Beaum. & Fl. Wit without M. v. iii, My head's a Hogshead still, it rowls and tumbles. 1681J. Chetham Angler's Vade-m. xxvii. (1689) 157 The Lead dragging and rowling on the Ground. 1738tr. Guazzo's Art Convers. 145 Round me circling Pleasures rowl. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1883) 36 Being both short and plump, he collected himself into a ball, and rolled round on all sides. 1812Crabbe Tales xx. 99 Like Pluto's iron drop, hard sign of grace, It slowly roll'd upon the rueful face. 1836Dickens Pickw. vii, The ball..rolled between his legs. 1887Bowen æneid vi. 181 Massive ash-trees roll from the mountains down the descent.
b. To advance with an easy, soft, or undulating motion. Also fig.
a1400–50Alexander (Dubl. MS.) 794* He als rekyndly ran, rolland hym vnder, As he þe sadyll hed sewyd seuenten wynter. 1586B. Young Guazzo's Civ. Conv. iv. 221 According to the Prouerbe, The tongue rolles there where the teeth aketh. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 452 The poor distressed panther rowled after him in humble manner. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 649 In fair Calabria's Woods a Snake is bred..: Waving he rolls, and makes a winding Track. 1736Gray Statius vi. 26 A shining border round the margin roll'd. 1827Carlyle Misc. (1857) I. 10 Rolling after it in many a snaky twine.
c. Of vehicles: To move or run on wheels. Also (gen.), to start moving. Also transf. and fig.
a1721Prior Down Hall 58 Into an old Inn did this Equipage roll At a Town they call Hodsdon. 1803J. G. Lemaistre Sketch Mod. Paris iii. 49 No carriage was allowed to roll that evening. 1843Le Fevre Life Trav. Phys. ii. x. III. 4 Carriages..roll round and round, till they have been fully seen by the public. 1860Thackeray Round. Papers, Thorns in Cushion, The carriages of the nobility and guests roll back to the West. 1944L. Lariar Man with Lumpy Nose viii. 75 ‘Do me a favor and go home and write it!’ McEmons stood over the reporter menacingly. ‘Get rolling!’ The reporter shuffled out of the room. 1952S. Kauffmann Philanderer (1953) iv. 61 ‘Let's roll, dreamer’, said Perry. 1956A. H. Compton Atomic Quest i. 55 To help get the atomic program rolling. 1959I. Jefferies Thirteen Days viii. 108, I..waved the drivers on. As they rolled I gave them one last treat..by taking my hat off. 1965New Statesman 14 May 753/1 The private train is ready to roll. 1970W. Smith Gold Mine xii. 31 Wake up. Time to roll. 1977Observer 3 Apr. 11/3 The PanAm captain then shouted: ‘The bastard's not been given permission to roll. We're on the runway. We're on the runway.’
d. Of the foot: to slip on or upon an object.
1878R. L. Stevenson in Temple Bar LII. 55 His foot rolled upon a pebble. 1904L. Tracy King of Diamonds ix. 123 Philip..almost fell too, for his left foot rolled on the constable's staff.
e. roll on ―: expressing a wish that time may pass quickly until a particular event; may (something) come soon.
1885M. Davitt Leaves from Prison Diary I. 150 ‘A burst in the City. Copped while boning the swag. 7 Stretch, 1869. Roll on 1876. Cheer up, pals.’ Another—‘Hook, 7 ys. Roll on time.’ 1917F. T. Nettleinghame Tommy's Tunes 21 When this ruddy war is over, Oh! how happy we shall be!.. Roll on, when we go on furlough; Roll on, when we go on leave. 1936J. Curtis Gilt Kid ii. 19 ‘Well,’ said the Gilt Kid, ‘this is a whole lot better than making scrubbing brushes back in the old Monastery Garden.’ ‘Yes, and saying to yourself, ‘Roll on Cocoa’.’ 1958M. K. Joseph I'll soldier no More xiii. 237 ‘What's your new gaffer like, Tom?’ ‘Like a barber's cat... I should worry—roll on my ticket.’ 1962Sunday Express 21 Jan. 15/5 Roll on the mid-twentieth century Venus. And the best of synthetic luck to her. 1970M. Tripp Man without Friends i. 15 He wakes at seven..saying ‘Roll on my retirement.’ 1978K. Amis Jake's Thing x. 98 Roll on wrist-watch television.
f. To taxi in an aircraft. Obs. exc. Hist.
1910Flight 24 Sept. 776/1 Messrs B. H. Barrington Kennett.., A. Aitken, and St. Croix Johnstone..are ‘rolling’ whenever the weather is suitable. 1915Kipling Diversity of Creatures (1917) 423 Wynn..had finished ‘rolling’ ..and had gone on from a ‘taxi’ to a machine more or less his own. 1961C. B. Smith Testing Time iii. 48 It was still quite an event to leave the ground, and many would-be fliers spent their whole time ‘rolling’ (as taxying was then called).
g. heads will roll and varr.: there will be executions; also fig., some will be ousted from power or position; also in extended and weakened uses.
1930Daily Herald 26 Sept. 1/1 Giving evidence, Hitler declared..‘If our movement is victorious there will be a revolutionary tribunal which will punish the crimes of November 1918. Then decapitated heads will roll in the sand.’ 1940Time 5 Aug. 22/1 Echoes of ‘Heads will roll’ Hitlerism were heard from Paris to Marseille. 1961Time 1 Dec. 77/3 A.M.C. made it clear, too, that more heads would roll if the workers still failed to get the message. 1963A. Howard in Sissons & French Age of Austerity 17 Mr Macmillan's head rolled at Stockton-on-Tees at 10.25 a.m. 1966P. O'Donnell Sabre-Tooth xvi. 225 ‘Suppose this improbable thing happens?’.. ‘Then no doubt my head will roll.’ 1972National Observer (U.S.) 27 May 7/2 President Nixon decreed ‘heads will roll’ if ‘petty bureaucrats’ hinder Jaffe's war on narcotics. 1978Rugby World Apr. 45/1 Wales lost, and heads rolled.
h. Of a movie camera or cameraman, etc.: to be in action; to start filming.
1938‘E. Queen’ Four of Hearts iv. 53 ‘Then it's okay to shoot the works now, Butch?’.. ‘We're rolling, Sam.’ 1938F. Scott Fitzgerald Let. 18 Apr. (1964) 28 It may come right at the crucial point of this picture (due to roll in June, but perhaps not starting till the fifteenth). 1958Punch 17 Sept. 382/3, I can imagine the whole cast falling about with hysterical laughter the moment the cameras stop rolling. 1971D. E. Westlake I gave at the Office (1972) 178 ‘Okay, Jay,’ Joe finally said, from behind the camera and lights and sound equipment. ‘Let her roll.’ 1978G. Vidal Kalki iii. 75 A man with a clapboard stood between the camera and the door. ‘Start rolling,’ said the director.
13. a. To wander, roam, travel or move about.
c1386Chaucer Wife's Prol. 653 Man shal nat suffre his wyf go roule [v.r. roile] aboute. 1615R. Brathwait Strappado (1878) 37 So this surcharged soule rowl's here and there, And yet to comfort is no whit the neere. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 311 Hee begun to rowle up & down from house to house, & to visit the neighbourhood. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 100/1 A Trumpet if..too big, does not give a clear sound, because the air has room to rowl about in it. 1867Latham Black & White 89 The ‘Johnnies’ who wounded or unwounded came rolling home. 1886Stevenson Kidnapped 284 You have rolled much..; what parish in Scotland..has not been filled with your wanderings?
b. to roll up, to congregate, gather, assemble. Also, to arrive; to appear on the scene. slang (orig. Austr.).
1861Goulburn (New South Wales) Herald 18 Sept. 2/2 It is not by accident that flags are unfurled with mottoes upon them, as ‘roll up’, ‘no Chinese’. 1887J. Farrell How He Died 26 The miners all rolled up to see the fun. 1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right (1899) 47/1 They would ‘roll up’, so successfully that a crowd..would, on the appointed day, be seen marching..down the main street. 1920G. Bell Let. 24 Oct. (1927) II. xix. 567 When the Mayor of Bagdad rolled up at 9 or the Naqib sent his son Saiyid Mahmud I was obliged to ‘endosser’ dressing-gown and go out to see them. 1929‘Sapper’ in Legion Bk. 214 The man hasn't rolled up yet, but he won't be long. 1955W. Gaddis Recognitions iii. v. 863 The sight of a soiled limousine parked up the street..clouded his face with the memory of the girls from the American Embassy in Madrid who had rolled up the day before. 1968M. Woodhouse Rock Baby xxiv. 232 They had to wait for me to roll up because I had the D.F. set, which meant I was the only one who could pin it down precisely. 1976J. Wainwright Who goes Next? 161 A townie. A bit overdressed..he once rolled up in a velvet jacket. 1977Water Sport (Austral.) Jan. 56/2 So please roll up and bring some of your friends.
c. to roll into, to pitch into; spec. to thrash or drub (one). Austr. and U.S.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right xxvi, If somebody had ‘rolled into me’ or vice versâ, it was doubtless my own affair. 1901Scribner's Mag. XXIX. 500/1 Put her kites on and let her roll into it.
d. U.S. to roll out: (see quot.).
1872Schele de Vere Americanisms 223 To roll out..means..to begin a journey or commence an enterprise.
e. to roll along = sense 13 b.
1928A. Waugh Last Chukka 82 She entertains whoever there may be that chooses to roll along.
14. To ride or travel in a carriage.
1513Douglas æneis x. v. 3 The mone intill hyr..cart of nycht Held rolland throw the hevynnis myddil ward. 1754Gray Pleasure Vicissitude 67 Mark where Indolence and Pride..Go, softly rolling side by side, Their dull but daily round. 1806A. Hunter Culina (ed. 3) 135 Providence has appointed few to roll in carriages. 1855Kingsley Glaucus 1 You are going down by railway,..and as you roll along [etc.].
b. To be carried, or move, upon flowing water. Also fig.
1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 307 They rowl'd on a flood of wealth. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. i. 418 When..cakes of rustling Ice come rolling down the Flood. 1725Pope Odyssey v. 469 Planks, Beams, dis-parted fly; the scatter'd wood Rolls diverse, and in fragments strows the flood. 1827Pollok Course T. x. 20 Rolling along the tide of fluent thought.
15. Of time or seasons: To elapse; to move on or round; to pass over or away. Also fig. and with compl. (quot. 1808).
1513Douglas æneis i. v. 72 Than the ȝoung child..Threty lang twelfmonthis rowing our sal be king. 1639S. Du Verger tr. Camus' Admir. Events 306 Thus rowles the event of humane things. 1697Dryden Virg. Past. iv. 7 Saturnian times Rowl round again. 1738Gray Propertius iii. 38 Measured out the year, and bad the seasons roll. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. l. V. 174 Generations and ages might roll away in silent oblivion. 1808Scott Marm. vi. Introd. 25 When the year its course had roll'd, And brought blithe Christmas back again. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 4 Thus labour's early days did rugged roll. 1883S. C. Hall Retrospect II. 461 Years rolled on and developed her intellectual power.
b. To succeed, follow on. rare—1.
1838Lytton Alice ix. ii, Still day rolled on day and no tidings.
†c. (See quot. 1702.) Obs.
1702Milit. Dict. s.v. To Roul, Officers of equal quality, who mount the same Guards, and do the same Duty, relieving one another, are said to Roul; as Captains with Captains, and Subalterns with Subalterns. 1737Common Sense I. 161 No gentleman in the Army would have rowled upon Duty with such pitiful Officers. 1799Triumph of Benevolence II. 412 They refused to roll with him, and he was obliged to sell out.
16. Of the heavenly bodies: To perform a periodical revolution. Also fig.
1604T. Wright Passions vi. 319 A stone by nature is inclined to descend, and the Sunne to rowle about the world. 1699Garth Dispens. iii. 25 The Earth has rowl'd twelve annual turns, and more. 1713Berkeley Guardian No. 14, The earth..constantly rolls about the sun, and the moon about the earth. 1781Cowper Charity 317 Philosophy..Sees planetary wonders smoothly roll Round other systems under her control. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain xxiv, The sun was rolling high in the firmament.
transf.1601Daniel To C'tess Cumbl. 95 Wks. (Grosart) I. 206 The centre of this world, about the which These reuolutions of disturbances Still roule.
b. With compl. To traverse in revolving.
1667Milton P.L. viii. 19 The Firmament..And all her numberd Starrs, that seem to rowle Spaces incomprehensible. c1742Gray Ignorance 11 Thrice hath Hyperion roll'd his annual race.
17. Of seas, rivers, etc.: To flow with an undulating motion; to move in a full, swelling, or impetuous manner. † Also, to liquefy, melt.
1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Volutus, A waue rollynge towarde the bankes. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. i. 24 Through midst thereof a little river rold. 1610G. Fletcher Christ's Vict. xii, If her clowdie browe but once growe foule, The flints doe melt, and rocks to water rowle. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 367 Rolling from afar, The spumy Waves proclaim the watry War. 1706Prior Ode to Queen xiii, So Volga's Stream..Rolls with new Fury down thro' Russia's Lands. a1720Sewel Hist. Quakers (1795) I. iii. 205 Presently a Wave came rolling. 1814Scott Diary 5 Sept. in Lockhart (1837) III. viii. 271 The other, called Down Kerry, is a sea-cave,..a high arch, up which the sea rolls. 1848Dickens Dombey xvi, How steadily it rolled away to meet the sea. 1888F. Hume Mme. Midas i. Prol., Half a mile of yellow sandy beach on which the waves rolled with dull roar.
fig.1593Shakes. Lucr. 1118 Deep woes roll forward like a gentle flood. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. ii. v, Thy tide of vengeance rowleth in. 1675Hobbes Odyssey ii. 155 Destruction is rowling toward ye. 1754Gray Progr. Poesy 10 The rich stream of musick..rolling down the steep amain. 1770W. Hodson Ded. Temple of Solomon 4 The Battle roll'd against his Side. 1852M. Arnold Progress viii. 30 Bright else, and fast, the stream of life may roll.
b. To move or sweep along or up with a wave-like motion; to advance with undulating movement; to ascend or descend in rolls or curls.
1626Bacon Sylva §31 As if Flame..would rowl and turn as well as move upwards. 1667Milton P.L. xii. 182 Fire must..wheel on th' Earth, devouring where it rouls. 1767Sir W. Jones Seven Fountains Poems (1777) 34 His locks in ringlets o'er his shoulders roll'd. 1791Mrs. Radcliffe Rom. Forest ii, The dark mists were seen to roll off to the west. 1848Dickens Dombey xii, It..followed the example of the smoke in the Arabian story, as to roll out in a thick cloud. 1858Kingsley Lett. (1878) I. 21 The fog rolled slowly upward.
c. fig. To pour in; to flow in in abundance.
1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 332 Commodities still rolling in in Trade. 1978Chicago June 124/2 With money rolling in from the rest of the family empire..he began buying, parcel by parcel, the farmland around his family's estate. 1979D. Lowden Boudapesti 3 ii. 16 No, it's not money... We were quite well off... It was rolling in.
d. Of land: To undulate; to extend in gentle falls and rises. Cf. rolling ppl. a. 5.
1847H. Melville Omoo vii, Across the water, the land rolled away in bright hillsides,..warm and undulating. 1856Stanley Sinai & Pal. (1858) 113 That ‘great and terrible wilderness’ which rolled like a sea between the valley of the Nile and..the Jordan. 1894Blackmore Perlycross 128 Before them rolled the sweep of upland.
18.
†a. To discourse freely or loudly against something. Obs.
c1555Harpsfield Divorce Hen. VIII (Camden) 82 To pour..out their..rhetoric, and..ryally to roule and revelle against God's owne..commandment. 1571in Hakluyt Voy. (1904) V. 124 Persons, whose tongues too readily roule sometime against other men's painfull travels.
b. Of thunder, etc.: To reverberate, re-echo; to form a deep, continuous sound like the roll of a drum.
1598Sylvester Du Bartas i. ii. 712 Loud it grones and grumbles, It rouls, and roars, and round..it rumbles. 1667Milton P.L. x. 666 They set..the Thunder when to rowle With terror through the dark Aereal Hall. 1757W. Wilkie Epigoniad vii. 202 Then, bellowing deep, the thunder's awful sound..Far to the east it roll'd, a length of sky. 1797Southey Joan of Arc vi, Deep through the sky the hollow thunders roll'd. 1817Byron Manfred i. i, O'er my calm Hall of Coral The deep echo roll'd. 1842Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 1 So all day long the noise of battle roll'd. 1848Dickens Dombey lvi, The organ rumbled and rolled as if the church had got the colic.
c. Of language, talk, etc.: To flow; to run on.
1743Francis tr. Horace, Sat. i. iv. 13 And as his verses like a torrent roll, The stream runs muddy. a1764Lloyd Dial. Poet. Wks. 1774 II. 15 A Poet only in his prose, Which rolls luxuriant, rich, and chaste. 1784in Johnsoniana (1836) 325 His eloquence rolls on in its customary majestic torrent. 1850Thackeray Pendennis v, Mr. Pen again assented, and the conversation rolled on in this manner. 1861J. Pycroft Ways & Words 34 Fox..could..roll on for hours without fatiguing himself or his hearers.
d. Of sound: To flow in deep or mellow tones.
1819Scott Ivanhoe xxxviii, The deep prolonged notes..rolled on amongst its arches with the pleasing yet solemn sound of the rushing of mighty waters. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xx[i]v, She.. sate there silent as the songs rolled by. 1862M. E. Braddon Lady Audley xxix, The music still rolled on. The organist had wandered into a melody of Mendelssohn's.
e. Of birds: To trill or warble in song.
1886Appleton's Ann. Cycl. XI. 87 The nightingale is one of the very few birds that share to some degree the faculty of rolling at any pitch of the voice uninterruptedly.
19. To turn over (and over). Esp. of persons or animals while lying on the ground. Also of motor vehicles. rolling in the aisles: see aisle 5 b.
c1386Chaucer Knt.'s T. 2614 He rolleth vnder foot as dooth a bal. 1470–85Malory Arthur xix. vii. 784 He trade on a trap and the bord rollyd, and there sir Launcelot felle doune. 1596Spenser F.Q. iv. vii. 32 Whom when on ground she groveling saw to rowle, She ran in hast his life to have bereft. 1810Crabbe Borough iii. 4 In some fat pastures of the rich..May roll the single cow, or favourite steed. 1847Tennyson Princ. iii. 165 Kittenlike he [sc. a leopard] roll'd And paw'd about her sandal. 1880C. R. Markham Peruv. Bark 207 The cargo-mules had played every kind of vicious trick.., running off.., and constantly trying to roll. 1954Amer. Speech XXIX. 101 Roll, v.i., to overturn. 1968Sun 12 Nov. 8/4 While the world sleeps, they [sc. rally drivers] ‘yump’ and ‘wrong slot’ and sometimes have the misfortune to ‘roll’. 1976Billings (Montana) Gaz. 1 July 2-a/4 The patrol said American Horse's vehicle rolled three times after the collision.
b. Of the eyes: To move or turn round in the sockets; to revolve or rotate partially.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 201 Hise eyen stepe, and rollynge in his heed, That stemed as a forneys of a leed. a1529Skelton Agst. Garnesche 37 Your ien glyster as glasse, Rowlynge in yower..hede, vgly to see. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. i. 41 Her wanton eyes..Did roll too lightly. a1631Donne Poems (1650) 46 Eyes which rowle towards all, weep not but sweat. 1676D'Urfey Mme. Fickle iii. iii, Look how his eyes rowle; how pale his lips are. 1811Shelley St. Irvyne iii. 26 His eyes wildly rolled, When the death-bell tolled. 1850Thackeray Pendennis xxvi[i], Her shoulders..were never easy..: nor were her eyes, which rolled about incessantly.
c. To turn or revolve upon an axis.
1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. vi. v. 294 The Sun..hath also a dineticall motion and rowles upon its owne poles. 1692Bentley Boyle Lect. viii. 273 The Earth rowls once about its Axis in a natural Day.
d. To hinge or depend on something (obs.); to turn or centre on a subject.
1707Curiosities in Husb. & Gard. 140 The whole Secret of the Multiplication of Corn rouls on Nitre, which has the greatest Effect on all Corn-Lands. Ibid. 231 His whole Treatise of Nature rouls only on this Point. 1763J. Brown Poetry & Music §4. 37 Their Songs rowl principally on the great Actions and Events which concern their own Nation. 1842Borrow Bible in Spain ii, Our conversation rolled chiefly on literary and political subjects.
e. to roll out: to get out of bed, to get up. U.S. colloq.
1884W. Shepherd Prairie Experiences 237 The cook's voice shouts ‘Roll out’... Before you have time to dress..it is ‘Breakfast!’ 1930L. Hughes Not without Laughter xv. 183 When his mother rolled out at six o'clock to go to work, he woke up again. 1942Z. N. Hurston in A. Dundes Mother Wit (1973) 223/1 All you did by rolling out early was to stir your stomach up. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 271 The term roll out means ‘to get out of bed in the morning’.
20. To turn oneself over and over in something; hence fig. to luxuriate or abound in riches, luxury, etc. Hence rolling-in-money absol. as n.
1535Lyndesay Satyre 521 Ane Prince of..puissance Quhom ȝoung men hes in gouernance, Rolland into his rage. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 25 Away with such lubbers..that roules in expences. 1575Gascoigne Notes Instruction Wks. (1575) T ij, It is not inough to roll in pleasant woordes. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 513 It rowleth and walloweth in the mire. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 86 Rowling in brutish vices. 1696Tate & Brady Ps. cxxiii. 4 While they grow proud by our distress And roll in Ease. 1773Wesley Wks. (1830) XIII. 83 The English Methodists..do not roll in money, like the American Methodists. 1782F. Burney Cecilia v. x, Rolling in wealth which you do not want. 1809Malkin Gil Blas ii. ix. ⁋4 The authors roll in luxury on the devastation of mankind. 1872Black Adv. Phaeton xxiv. 332 We should all be rolling in wealth directly. 1960Auden Homage to Clio 74 The rolling-in-money, The screamingly-funny.
†b. To dabble, speculate in (stocks). Obs.—1
1711Steele Spect. No. 49 ⁋5 He lends, at legal Value, considerable Sums, which he might highly increase by rolling in the Publick Stocks.
21. Of thoughts, etc.: To revolve, come round again, in the mind.
1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. i. (1870) 117, I haue suche matters rolling in my pate, That I wyl speake and do. 1702Addison Dial. Medals (1727) 42 She, pleas'd with secrets rowling in her breast. 1718Prior Solomon ii. 830 Here tell Me,..What diff'rent Sorrows did within Thee roll? 1818G. Jebb Corr. (1834) II. 353 If I put forward anything which had not long rolled in my mind.
22. Of a ship: To sway to and fro; to swing from side to side. Also of masts: (cf. 5 c). Also with down.
Opposed to pitch, which signifies ‘to rise and fall alternately at bow and stern’.
1600Hakluyt Voy. III. 552 The shippes doe roule very much in the harbour, by reason in foule weather the Sea will bee mightily growen. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. v. 21 To keepe the shrouds tight for the more safety of the mast from rowling. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. ii. 3 We had a swelling Sea again which made us rowl all night long. 1711W. Sutherland Shipbuild. Assist. 34 Extream Breadths will be in the Nature of Ballances, and will cause a Ship to rowl. 1748Anson's Voy. ii. v. 245 The Sloop, having neither masts nor sails to steady her, rolled and pitched..violently. 1821J. W. Croker Diary 28 Aug., Went out..to see the steamboat arriving..; she rolled tremendously. 1867Latham Black & White 2 We shipped great waves, and rolled to larboard, rolled to starboard, painfully. 1898Forest & Stream 19 Feb. 156/2 Before the wind reached us the schooner rolled down at such an angle that her crew commenced to shorten sail. 1916F. W. Wallace Shack Locker (1922) 166 She rolled down an' came up with a dory a-hangin' on her fore-cross-trees.
b. To sail with a rolling motion. Also in phr. to roll down to St. Helena (see quot. 1796).
1796T. Twining Trav. India, etc. (1893) 355 The ship remained under nearly the same sail for many days,..rolling from one side to the other, the wind being directly astern. This is called ‘rolling down to St. Helena’ by the captains of Indiamen. 1834Medwin Angler in Wales II. 19 You have heard of rolling down from the Cape to St. Helena; almost at all seasons of the year, it blows from the same quarter. 1890Clark Russell Marriage at Sea vii, There are plenty of ships..rolling up Channel, and willing to land us.
c. To walk with a rolling gait; to swagger.
1843Carlyle Past & Pr. (1858) 139 Now rolling sumptuously to his place in the Collective Wisdom. 1887Rider Haggard A. Quatermain 250 Umslopogaas rolled along after us, eating as he went. 1890Clark Russell Marriage at Sea iv, He rolled up to us and answered: ‘No call, I think, sir, to haul in much closer’.
d. To sway heavily (with fat).
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Col. Reformer (1891) 244 Grand⁓looking bullocks, all ‘rolling fat’.
e. Of an aeroplane: to turn about its longitudinal axis.
1909‘Aero-Amateur’ Flying ix. 55 If the wings of a soaring, or gliding machine are curved upwards in the form of a bow the machine certainly has a tendency to travel in a straight line, but will have also a tendency to roll badly. 1918J. M. Grider War Birds (1927) 69 He was looping and rolling between the church spires. 1976Times 17 July 12/3 The Pitts, a small and exceptionally manoeuvrable biplane..can roll through more than 360° in a second.
f. to roll with the punches (and varr.), of a boxer: to move the body away from the opponent's blows in order to lessen their impact; fig., to adapt oneself to difficult circumstances, take troubles in one's stride.
[1941F. Gilmore Push Yourself iv. 27 In boxing it is called ‘rolling the punch’ when a boxer, not having time to avoid being hit, deliberately moves with the punch when it hits him.] 1951J. J. Walsh Boxing Simplified viii. 32 In an actual bout he will not have so much time to roll with the blow. 1956H. Kurnitz Invasion of Privacy ii. 15 He had mastered the trick of rolling with the punches, rendering himself invisible when a crisis darkened the neighbouring skies. 1963J. Crosby With Love & Loathing 48 Madison Avenue rolls with the blow; it watches carefully which direction the cookie crumbles. 1979Now! 21–27 Sept. 74/1 It would be possible to roll with such punches were it not for the fact that the 1980 election season has already begun and a seemingly invincible Democratic contender has suddenly launched himself into the fight.
23. To form into a roll; to shrink or fold together; to curl up.
1613Purchas Pilgrimage v. (1614) xii. 507 The drying of the barke maketh it roll together. 1721Mortimer Husb. (ed. 2) II. 243 Which you may know by their Leaves lying down, rolling up, and wrinkling. 1901Blackw. Mag. Sept. 337/2 There are stoppages..when the net has ‘rolled’—but a net well shot..scarcely has a twist in it.
24. To turn out after being rolled. Usu. with out. Also fig.
1801tr. Gabrielli's Mysterious Husb. II. 37, I should eat and drink more than I should earn.., supposing I ever did roll out to be good for anything. 1881Gee Goldsmith's Hdbk. (ed. 2) 227 Imperfect bars of gold usually roll with a more extended jaggered edge as the process proceeds. 1896Daily News 6 July 11/2 After a dry night, the wicket rolled out beautifully on Saturday morning.
25. to roll off, (of audio apparatus) to exhibit a response decreasing smoothly to zero with increasing signal frequency; so to roll in, to exhibit a response increasing similarly from zero. Cf. sense 11.
1959Consumer Reports Sept. 452/2 The newer Jansen [tweeter] also rolled off slightly in the extreme high⁓frequencies. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 253 The simplest form of filter (one resistor and one condenser) rolls off at 6 dB/octave above or below a certain frequency. 1970J. Earl Tuners & Amplifiers i. 25 Many [loudspeaker] systems employ two units, one..going from about 30 or 40Hz and rolling-off due to the action of the crossover around 1 or 2 kHz and the other for treble rolling-in at about 1 or 2 kHz and responding up to 16 kHz or higher. Ibid. iii. 69 The majority of amplifiers have in-built high-pass filtering, rolling off around the 20 to 30Hz mark. 1976Gramophone July 235/1 Further tonal correction is provided by push⁓buttons, to provide separate filters rolling off at 7 and 10kHz respectively.
Add:[I.] [5.] j. Cinematogr. and Television. To display (opening or closing credits, etc.) moving up the screen on or as on a roller. Also occas. with up.
1967Listener 6 Apr. 471/2 Roll your credits. 1972A. Draper Death Penalty i. 5 The television screen was rolling the football results. 1977K. O'Hara Ghost of T. Penry xvi. 165 She stood up, imagining the closing shots... Joe said ‘Roll up credits’. 1989Daily Tel. 8 Nov. 19/8 The videotape flickers to a close. Roll the credits: doctor's name, patient's name and file number, hospital, expected delivery date, and so on.
[II.] [12.] i. Cinematogr. and Television. Of credits: to appear on the screen, moving upwards on or as on a roller.
1967Listener 29 June 863/1 There's a certain measure of wit in The Frost Report, and so there should be, considering the number of writing credits that roll at the end. 1976Broadcast Dec. 20/1 How few viewers can remember his name after the credits have rolled upwards to the greater glory of stars, director and producer? 1988R. Rayner Los Angeles without Map 47 The last thing the camera shows is fear on her face, and the end credits roll.
▸ to roll up one's sleeves and variants: to apply oneself in earnest to a task; to buckle down; to prepare to engage in a challenge or conflict.
1863J. W. Hunnicutt Conspiracy Unveiled ii. xxxv. 400 Roll up your sleeves and pitch in. 1920E. Wharton Age of Innoc. xiv, You'll never amount to anything, any of you, till you roll up your sleeves and get right down into the muck. 1929D. H. Lawrence Pansies 20 If..mankind must go on being mankind, then I am willing to fight, I will roll my sleeves up And start in. 1941B. Schulberg What makes Sammy Run? xii. 286 She said it was really something to see him roll up his sleeves with the enthusiasm of a kid just breaking in. 1990I. Bayley in K. A. Porter Lett. Introd. 2 She rolls up her sleeves for the scrimmage over awarding the Bollingen Prize to Ezra Pound.
▸ to roll over. a. trans. To carry over (prize money in a lottery) from one draw to the next, usually because the jackpot has not been won. Cf. roll-over n.
1982PR Newswire (Nexis) 17 June The prize structure is determined by total weekly sales, the number of winners in each prize category, and the amount rolled over from the previous week. 1994Daily Tel. 7 Nov. 7/2 If the jackpot is not won it will be ‘rolled over’ until the next week.
b. intr. Of prize money in a lottery: to be carried over from one draw to the next.
1983Associated Press Newswire (Nexis) 10 Nov. If no one has all the numbers, the jackpot rolls over and increases until someone gets all the numbers. 2002Sun 27 May 26/1 Our {pstlg}1,000 jackpot hasn't been won since Wednesday and the total has rolled over to {pstlg}4,000.
▪ VII. † roll, v.3 Obs.—1
[ad. OF. roller, roler, etc., f. roil, rouil rust.]
trans. To polish, burnish.
c1275Lay. 22287 Hii wende to hire hinne;..hii rollede wepne and soide hire stedes.
▪ VIII. roll
obs. Sc. variant of row v. |