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▪ I. ballad, n.|ˈbæləd|
Forms: 4–6 balade, 5 balaade, -adde, 6 balat(e, -ette, ballat, -att, -ed, -ete, -ette, -ytte, 6–7 ballet, ballade, 7– (Sc.) ballant, 6– ballad.
[ME. balade, a. OF. balade (mod. ballade) dancing-song, ad. Pr. balada dance, dancing-song, f. balar:—late L. ballāre to dance: cf. bale v.1 In 16th and 17th c. the termination -ad was commonly changed into the more familiar -at(e, -et (cf. salad, sallet), and this in Sc. further corrupted to -ant. Cf. ballet n.1, the adoption of which has probably tended to restore the spelling ballad, and the revived form ballet n.3 The primitive meaning of dance was in Pr. and It., but the word was adopted in Fr. and Eng. only in transferred senses. See also ballade.]
†1. A song intended as the accompaniment to a dance; the tune to which the song is sung. Obs.
c1500Dunbar Gold. Targe 129 And sang ballettis with michty notis clere: Ladyes to dance full sobirly assayit. 1545R. Ascham Toxoph. (Arb.) 39 These balades and roundes, these galiardes, pauanes and daunces. 1549Olde Erasm. Par. Eph. v. 19 That can stirre vs, not to wanton dauncynges or folyshe ballettes. a1616B. Jonson Love Rest. 12 Unlesse we should come in like a Morrice-dance, and whistle our ballat our selves.
2. A light, simple song of any kind; now spec. a sentimental or romantic composition of two or more verses, each of which is sung to the same melody, the musical accompaniment being strictly subordinate to the air.
1492in Michelet Scot. Lang. 218 For the singyn of a ballat to the King. c1500Mayd Emlyn in Poet. Tracts (1842) 16 We do nought togyder, But prycked balades synge. 1521State Papers Hen. VIII, I. 10 Mr. Almoner, in hys sermone, broght in the balates off ‘Passe tyme with goodde cumpanye,’ and ‘I love unlovydde.’ 1568Bible (Bishops') title, The Ballet of Ballets of Solomon. 1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie i. xx, Ballades of praise called Encomia. 1664–5Pepys Diary 2 Jan., I occasioned much mirth by a ballet I brought with me, made from the seamen at sea to their ladies in town [i.e. Ld. Dorset's ‘To all you Ladies’]. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 244 No more the woodman's ballad shall prevail. 1855Tennyson Maud i. v. i, She is singing an air that is known to me, A passionate ballad gallant and gay. 1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 129/2 At the present time a ballad in music is generally understood to be a sentimental or romantic composition of a simple and unpretentious character, having two or more verses of poetry, but with the melody or tune complete in the first, and repeated for each succeeding verse. 1898A. Bennett Man from North xxi. 191 The song was a mediocre drawing-room ballad. 1906― Whom God hath Joined x. 367 The power of the drawing-room ballad rendered by a few fiddlers in the warm obscurity of an August evening. 1927Melody Maker Aug. 768 (Advt.), ‘Morning’, Fox-trot Ballad by Pat Thayer. 1965New Statesman 9 Apr. 586/1 Miss Staton has no special gift for the pocket one-woman song-drama which is (under the name ‘ballad’) the basis of the night-club repertoire.
†3. A popular song; often spec. one celebrating or scurrilously attacking persons or institutions. (The ‘ballad’ in this and prec. sense was often printed as a broadsheet.) Obs.
1556Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 57 Many ballyttes made of dyvers partys agayne the blyssyd sacrament. 1597Shakes. 2 Hen. IV, iv. iii. 52, I will haue it in a particular Ballad, with my owne Picture on the top of it. 1602Ret. fr. Parnass. i. ii. (Arb.) 10 Who makes a ballet for an ale-house doore. 1704A. Fletcher (of Saltoun) Acct. Conversation 9 Tempted to all manner of Lewdness by infamous Ballads sung in every corner of the Streets..I know a very wise man that believed that if a man were permitted to make all the Ballads, he need not care who should make the Laws of a Nation. 1727Swift Furth. Acct. Curll Wks. 1755 III. i. 160 Resolved, That a ballad be made against Mr. Pope. 1782Burney Hist. Mus. II. iv. 343 note, The English Ballad has long been..confined to a low species of Song. 1825J. Wilson Noct. Ambr. Wks. I. 2 A beuk of old ballants as yellow as the cowslips.
†4. A proverbial saying, usually in form of a couplet; a posy. (Cf. L. cantilena.) Obs.
1528More Heresyes i. Wks. 177/1 Than haue we well walked after the balade: The further I goo the more behynde. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 54 Spend, and god shall send..saith tholde ballet. 1601Shakes. All's Well i. iii. 63 For I the Ballad will repeate, which men full true shall finde, your marriage comes by destinie, your Cuckow sings by kinde.
5. A simple spirited poem in short stanzas, originally a ‘ballad’ in sense 3, in which some popular story is graphically narrated. (This sense is esentially modern: with Milton, Addison, and even Johnson, the idea of song was present.)
[1670Milton Hist. Eng. v. Wks. (1851) 226 The song..(for..he refus'd not the autority of Ballats for want of better). 1712Addison Spect. No. 70 ⁋3 The old Song of Chevy-Chase is the favourite Ballad of the common People of England.] 1751Johnson Rambl. No. 177 ⁋9 Cantilenus turned all his thoughts upon old ballads..He offered to shew me a copy of the Children in the Wood. 1783Cowper Lett. 3 Aug., The ballad is a species of poetry, I believe, peculiar to this country..simplicity and ease are its proper characteristics. 1817Coleridge Sibyl. Leaves, The Bard..who made The grand old ballad of Sir Patrick Spence. 1858Longfellow Children, Ye are better than all the ballads That ever were sung or said; For ye are our living poems, And all the rest are dead. 1870Swinburne Ess. & Stud. (1875) 85 The highest form of ballad requires from a poet at once narrative power, lyrical, and dramatic. 1872Buckle Misc. Wks. I. 161 All history is at first poetry, i.e. ballads.
6. Comb.
a. attrib., as ballad-form, ballad-lore, ballad-measure, ballad-poetry, ballad-rime (1447), ballad-stanza, ballad-stuff, ballad-tune;
b. objective gen. with vbl. or agent-noun, as ballad-making (1505), ballad-singing, ballad-composer, ballad-maker (1586), ballad-reciter, ballad-singer, ballad-writer, ballad-monger. Also ballad concert, a concert devoted mainly to ballads (sense 2); ballad-farce, -opera, a play into which popular songs are introduced; ballad-wise adv., in the manner of a ballad, in song.
1947A. Einstein Mus. in Romantic Era vi. 58 Carl Loewe, Schubert's rival as a *ballad-composer.
1868Times 23 Mar. 12/6 The admirable London *Ballad Concerts of Mr. John Boosey are still drawing crowds. 1879Grove Dict. Mus. I. 129/2 ‘Ballad concerts’..often contain songs of all kinds. 1903Daily Chron. 21 Mar. 8/4 A Concert Diary. Mar. 21.—London Ballad Concert, Queen's Hall.
1747T. Whincop Scanderbeg 185/1 Betty, or The Country Bumpkins, a *Ballad-Farce, acted..at the Theatre in Drury-lane, 1738. 1787Sir J. Hawkins Johnson 198 (Jod.) An impatience for pantomimes and ballad-farces.
1865M. Arnold Ess. Crit. (1875) 210 A *ballad-form which has more rapidity and grace.
1902Q. Rev. Oct. 478 The wind-riding Erlking of German *ballad-lore.
1586Webbe Eng. Poetrie (Arb.) 36 The vncountable rabble of ryming *Ballet-makers. 1667Dryden & Duke of Newcastle Martin Mar-all (1668) v. 55 You mistake me for Martin Parker, the Ballad-Maker. 1815Scott Guy M. xli, The devil take all ballads, and ballad-makers, and ballad-singers!
c1505Dunbar Lament for Makaris 60 Fra *balat making et trigide.
1775Ann. Reg. 40/2 He wrote it in *ballad measure.
1779Johnson L.P. Wks. 1816 X. 218 We owe to Gay the *Ballad-Opera.
1863Burton Bk. Hunter 300 That delightful department of literature, our *ballad poetry.
1447O. Bokenham Seyntys 60, What best plesyth me I have as I can declaryd in latyn In *balaade ryme.
1598Florio Worlde of Wordes 57/3 Cantinbanco, a mountibanke, a *ballad-singer. 1682London Gaz. No. 1712, 13–17 Apr., Mr. John Clarke..did rent of Charles Killigrew Esq; the Licencing of all Ballad-Singers. 1707Lond. Gaz. No. 4370/4 Israel Sewell..a professyd Ballad-singer.
1831Carlyle Sart. Res. ii. ii, Ballad-singers brayed, Auctioneers grew hoarse.
1934Ess. & Stud. XIX. 102 The stanza, not itself a *ballad-stanza, of The Dark Ladie.
1599Marston Sco. Villanie 194 Then hence base *ballad stuffe.
1589Puttenham Eng. Poesie (Arb.) 65 This was done in *ballade wise..and was song very sweetely.
1846Wright Ess. Mid. Ages II. xvii. 200 The *ballad-writers of after-times.
▪ II. ˈballad, v. ? Obs.
Forms: 6–7 ballat, 7 balett, 8 ballet, 7– ballad.
[f. prec. n.; cf. OF. balader.]
1. intr. To write or compose ballads.
1592G. Harvey Four Lett. 5 But who..like Elderton for ballating, Greene for pamfletting? c1600Donne Juvenilia i. (1633) B, Enuious Libellers ballad against them [women].
2. trans. To make (a person) the subject of ballads, or popular songs, especially scurrilous ones.
1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 216 And scald Rimers [will] Ballad vs out a Tune. 1636Heywood Challenge ii. i. Wks. 1874 V. 23, I shall be Ballated, Sung up and downe by minstrills. 1721Southern Disappointm. iii. i. 107 Stag'd to the crowd..Nay, balleted about the streets in rhime. |