| 释义 |
▪ I. band, n.1|bænd|
Also 4–5 bande.
[ME. band, bond, a. ON. band neut. (Da. baand, Sw. band) = OS., OFris. band, OHG. bant, pant:—OTeut. *bando-(m), f. band- stem of bind-an to bind. Not in Gothic, nor in OE., which had only the cogn. bęnd fem.:—OTeut. *bandjâ-: see bend n.1 which survived in ME. alongside of band, bond. Band and bond were at first merely phonetic variants (cf. land, lond, stand, stond, man, mon, etc.), but are now largely differentiated in use, bond being usual in branch II, in which band is archaic or obsolete. Cf. band2, which in mod. use is treated as identical with this.]
I. literally, That with or by which a person or thing is bound.
1. Anything with which one's body or limbs are bound, in restraint of personal liberty; a shackle, chain, fetter, manacle. arch.
c1200Ormin 19821 Herode..band himm wiþþ irrene band. a1300Cursor M. 7170 Sampson.. gaf a braide..þat alle þe bandis of him brast. c1460Towneley Myst. 217 A bande..to bynde his hande. 1551Robinson tr. More's Utop. 121 These sortes of bondemen they kepe..in bandes. 1590Marlowe Edw. II, iii. i, Must I fall, and die in bands? 1611Bible Acts xvi. 26 The doores were opened, and euery ones bands were loosed. 1833Tennyson Poems 5 To chain with chains, and bind with bands That island queen.
†b. abstr. Confinement, imprisonment, custody.
a1300Cursor M. 4437 Þat oþer in prisun war or band. Ibid. 5802, I wil þaim bring vte of his band. c1430Hymns Virg. (1867) 52 Þat sauede my sone fro bittir bande!
†c. Our Lady's bands: ‘confinement’ at childbirth, accouchement. Obs. (Cf. bend.)
1495Festival in Strype Eccl. Mem. I. ii. App. xxxvii. 99. Pray..for al women which be in our Ladyes bandes.
2. A string with which any loose thing is bound.
a. The tie of straw with which sheaves are bound, a rope of hay used by the hay-binder, and gen. a rope or string of straw, rushes, or similar material.
c1325Metr. Hom. 146 Gaderes the darnel first in bande. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §28 And with his rake and his syckle, taketh vp the barley or otes, and layth them vppon the bande. 1592Shakes. Ven. & Ad. xxxviii, Her arms infold him like a band. 1832H. Martineau Life in Wilds iii. 38 She tied the twigs..with bands of rushes. 1864Atkinson Whitby Gloss., Band, a rope or string. ‘It is not worth a band's end.’
b. Bookbinding. Name of the cords or straps crossing the back of a book, by attachment to which the quires or sheets are ‘bound’ together.
1759Boyer Fr. Dict., A band (for a Book), nerf ficelle cousue au dos d'un Livre. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. IV. 40 The bands are pieces of strongish string or cord, which are fastened perpendicularly at fixed distances on a frame rising at the edge of a board, on which the sheets of paper are placed one by one.
3. The hinges of a door or gate; esp. long strips of iron extending across the surface by which it is hung on the crooks.
a1300Cursor M. 19306 Þe prisun dors [he] left als he fand, Noiþer he brak ne barr ne band. 1483Cath. Angl. 19 Bande of a dure, vertebra. 1565Richmond. Wills (1853) 178, Iiij iron bandes for a doore. 1571in Mem. Rip. (1882) I. 309 Lockes, keyes, and bandes of yron. 1864Atkinson Whitby Gloss., Bands, ‘a pair o' bands,’ a couple of hinges.
4. A connecting piece, by which the parts of a complex thing are held firmly together.
a1300Cursor M. 1671 First binde wele wiþ balk and bandes. 1483Cath. Angl. 19 Bande of a howse; lacunar..loramentum. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §3 The sharebeame, the which is the keye and the chiefe bande of all the plough. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. ii. 71 Who gently would dissolue the bands of life. 1611Bible Col. xi. 19 All the body by ioynts and bands..knit together. 1627Capt. Smith Seaman's Gram. ii. 14 Clamps, middle bands and sleepers..for binding within. 1881C. Edwards Organs 41 The use of this band is for the insertion of the wind trunk or trunks.
5. A string, strap, or chain, by which a child or animal is held in hand, led, or tied up. lit. and fig.
a1300Cursor M. 14969 A moder ass yee sal þar find, And yee hir sal vn-do vte of hir band. 1413Lydg. Pylgr. Sowle v. ix. (1483) 100 As an hound that tyed is with a band. 1690W. Walker Idiom. Anglo-Lat. 519 He hath the world in a band. 1738C. Wesley Hymn, ‘When to the Temple’ iii, And lead with Bands of Love.
†6. Logic. The copula. Obs. rare.
1588Fraunce Lawiers Log. ii. i. 86 b, An axiome [i.e. proposition] hath two partes, the bande, and the partes bound. 1628T. Spencer Logick 160 A simple Axiome is that, the band whereof is a Verbe.
II. figuratively, A moral, spiritual, or legal bond of restraint or union: a bond.
7. fig. (from 1): The ‘shackles’ of sin or vice, the ‘chains’ of sleep, the ‘fetters’ of formula, etc.
c1200Ormin 14778 He wollde lesenn hemm ut off þewwdo⁓mess bandess. a1300E.E. Psalter lvii. 3 He sent fra heven, lesed me of band. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3207 Bunden faste With bandes of syn. 1549Bk. Com. Prayer, 24 Sund. Trin., Delyuered from the bandes of all those sinnes which by our frayltie we haue committed. 1725Pope Odyss. xx. 68 The downy bands of sleep. 1881Daily News 21 Jan. 5/1 Loosening himself from the bands of formula.
8. An obligation by which action is checked or restrained, or persons reciprocally bound to each other; a tie, restraint, bond.
a1300Cursor M. 13710 Þis womman þe band [v.r. bond] has broken of hir sposail. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 267 Wedding is the hardest band That ony man may tak on hand. 1591Spenser Ruins of Time Ded., With howe straight bandes of duetie I was tied to him. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. v. iv. 136 To ioyne in Hymens bands. 1725Pope Odyss. ix. 563 Thy barb'rous breach of hospitable bands. 1762Hume Hist. Eng. (1806) IV. lxv. 774 Few..were attached..by any other band than that of inclination. 1823Lamb Elia Ser. ii. xix. (1865) 369 Having worn the nuptial bands..longer than her friend. 1856Dove Logic Chr. Faith v. i. §2. 293 The immortal bands of obligation to himself.
9. A uniting or cementing force or influence by which a union of any kind is maintained; a pledge. arch.; now bond.
1483Cath. Angl. 19 Bande of luffe, fedus, pignus. 1569J. Rogers Gl. Godly Love 186 Children is the very sure band of love. 1625Bacon Unity in Relig., Ess. (Arb.) 423 Religion being the chiefe Band of humane Society. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 318 Fear..continued to operate as a band of political union.
10. An agreement, or promise, binding on him who makes it. arch.; now bond.
a1440Sir Degrev. 957 He hath gyf us by band An c pownd worth of land. 1470Harding Chron. cxx. i, False..of his band Whiche to the kynge he made. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 253 How Arthure his aith and band had brokin. c1605G. Wilkins Mis. Enf. Marriage v. in Dodsl. (1780) V. 106 From this your oath and band..you have run. 1752Carte Hist. Eng. III. 436 He signed a Band, that..he would bear all concerned in it harmless. 1814Scott Ld. of Isles iv. xiv, To fulfil our father's band, I proffer'd all I could.
11. Security given; a deed legally executed, binding on him who delivers it. arch.; now bond.
1521State Papers Hen. VIII, I. 27 The provision and bande to be made for your indempnitie. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 229 Enter not into bands, no not for thy best friends. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 157 The end of Life cancells all Bands. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xiii. 409 This property of an honest man, that his word is as good as his band. 1724A. Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) II. 122 There's meikle good love in bands and bags. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xxvi, Deil a wadset, heritable band, or burden.
†b. Security, pledge. Obs.
1596Spenser F.Q. vi. i. 31 He sent to her his basenet as a faithfull band.
†12. A covenant, a league. Sc. Obs.
1452Earl Douglas in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 387 That I shall make na band na ligg in tyme coming. 1513–75Diurn. Occurr. (1833) 273 To mak ane band and confideratioun with the Quene of Ingland. 1649Bp. Guthry Mem. (1702) 76 A Band found to be amongst a Number of Noblemen, wherein they had combin'd to oppose, etc. 1873Burton Hist. Scot. V. lvii. 178 The ‘band’ for the murder produced by Balfour in a green box.
III. abstractly, Binding quality, or bound state.
†13. Binding quality or power. Obs.
1616Surfl. & Markh. Countr. Farm 576 The meale hath not so good a band, neither yet is it altogether so clammie. a1619Donne Biathan. (1644) 143 This obligation..is of stronger hold, and of straighter band.
†14. A state of union or connexion. Obs.
1631Rutherford Lett. 18 (1862) I. 77 Give them grace..to take band with the fair chief Cornerstone. Ibid. 131 Keep band with the cornerstone.
IV.
15. Comb. band-stone, a stone that passes through a wall from side to side, and thus binds the structure together, used especially in dry-stone walls in the north.
▪ II. band, n.2|bænd|
In 4–7 bande
[Late ME. bande, a. F. bande ‘flat strip or strap, fascia, edge, side’; in OF. also bende = Pr. and It. benda, Lomb. binda, a. OHG. bindâ:—OTeut. *bindôn, from bindan to bind: thus ultimately cognate with band n.1, with which, since the loss of final -e, it has been formally identical in English. The variant bend, from the earlier OF. bende, is retained in Heraldry.
(Although OF. bende would of itself give a later bande, the F. and It. forms suggest that both banda and benda may have existed from the first in Romanic: see next word.)]
I. Of shape and function.
1. A strip of any material flat and thin, used to bind together, clasp, or gird.
a. A hoop or fillet for putting round anything.
1483Cath. Angl. 19 Bande of a carte, crusta, crustola. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Band, in matters of artillery..a hoop of iron used about the carriage of a gun.
b. bands of a saddle: two pieces of iron nailed upon the bows to hold them in their proper place.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Besides the two great bands, the fore-bow has a small one, called the wither-band.
2. esp. A flat strip of a flexible substance (e.g. any fabric, leather, india-rubber, paper), used to bind round an object. Various spec. uses: an identifying strip placed round the leg of a bird (cf. bird-band); an advertising strip round a book; a strip of paper round a cigar.
1611Cotgr., Bande, a band: properly a long and narrow peece of any stuffe. c1800Mrs. Hunter in 1001 Gems of Song (1883) 87 My mother bids me bind my hair With bands of rosy hue. a1885Mod. A roll of paper secured by an elastic band.
1914Country Life July 36/2 These up-to-date bands are made in eight different sizes, some one of which is sure to fit the bird you wish to tag. 1937Brit. Birds XXXI. 239 Any observer chancing to meet a straggler on this side of the Atlantic can learn the origin of the bird by reporting the exact order of the various bands.
1932Q. D. Leavis Fiction & Reading Public i. ii. 22 An enterprising publisher will reissue the novel with a band or new dust-jacket exhibiting the caption. 1958Bookseller 12 Apr. 1369/1 ‘Royal Ballet’ Bands..—have prepared bands for the jackets of The Sadler's Wells Ballet.
1923W. J. Locke Moordius & Co. vii. 96 He selected a cigar,..removed the band and clipped the point. 1935A. E. W. Mason They wouldn't be Chessmen ix. 115 What's the use of me paying fourpence for a 'Avana cigar if I've got to take the band off before I smoke it?
3. A flat strip or strap of the above description, forming part of, or used to confine, a dress at the waist, neck, wrists, etc., or to encircle and confine a cap, hat, or other article of apparel.
1552Huloet, Bande or lace of a cappe or hatte, spira. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 207 Headband, smockbande. 1599Thynne Animadv. (1865) 21 A bande aboute oure cappes, sette with golde Buttons. 1611Bible Ecclus. vi. 30 Her bands are purple lace. 1841Catlin N. Amer. Ind. II. lv. 198 His hat-band of silver lace. 1843Hood Shirt iii, Seam and gusset, and band, Band, and gusset, and seam. 1882Mag. Art V. 339 Full bodices with bands high up round the waists.
4. spec.
a. The neck-band or collar of a shirt, orig. used to make it fit closely round the neck, afterwards expanded ornamentally. Hence, in 16th and 17th century, a collar or ruff worn round the neck by man or woman.
1568Bible (Bishops') Ex. xxxix. 23 With a band round about the coller that it should not rent. 1591Florio Sec. Fruites 5 With what band will you have it? With a falling band. 1620H. Fitzgeffery Notes fr. Blackfryers, Hee is of England by his yellow Band. c1625Poems on Costume (1849) 112 With laces long and broad, As now are women's bands. 1632Sherwood Eng. Fr. Dict., Band (for the necke), Collet. A falling band, Rabat. A ruffe band, Fraize. 1635Brereton Trav. (1844) 103 Young maids..some with broad thin shag ruffs..others with half bands. 1712Steele Spect. No. 264 ⁋2 A Taylor's Widow, who washes and can clear-starch his Bands. 1755Smollett Quix. ii. ii. i, His band was collegian, neither starched nor laced.
b. The development of a falling collar into a pair of strips (now called bands) hanging down in front, as part of a conventional dress, clerical, legal, or academical.
a1700Sedley Sonn. Wks. 1722 I. 12 That fix Salvation to Short Band and Hair. c1760Gray Candidate, Divinity heard..She stroked up her belly, and stroked down her band. 1779Johnson Pope, L.P. (1787) IV. 60 In a clergyman's gown, but with a lawyer's band. 1807Crabbe Par. Reg. iii. 867 Careless was he of surplice, hood, and band. 1822Nares s.v., What was within these forty years called a band at the Universities, is now called a pair of bands. 1866G. Macdonald Ann. Q. Neighb. viii. (1878) 131 With my surplice and bands.
5. A strip of linen, or the like, to swathe the body or any part of it; a bandage.
1568Bible (Bishops') Job xxxviii. 9, I made darknesse as his swadlyng band. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) John xi. 44 Dead, bound feete and handes with winding bandes. 1599Shakes. Hen. V, v. ii. Cho., Henry the Sixt, in Infant Bands. 1703Tate Paraphr. Luke ii, All meanly wrapt in swathing bands And in a manger laid. 1751Chambers Cycl. s.v., A band, or roller, when applied, becomes a bandage.
6. Naut. ‘A slip of canvas stitched across a sail to strengthen the parts most liable to pressure.’
1769Falconer Dict. Marine (1789), Reef-band, a piece of canvas, sewed across the sail, to strengthen it in the place where the eylet-holes of the reefs are formed. 1860Merc. Mar. Mag. VII. 114 Whip up the sail to the reef band.
7. Mech. A flat strap, belt, or other connexion, passing round two wheels or shafts, by which motion is communicated from the one to the other.
1705Hauksbee in Phil. Trans. XXV. 2166 The small Wheel which the Band surrounds from the great one. 1801Bloomfield Rural T. (1802) 3 She straight slipp'd off the Wall, and Band. 1860All Y. Round No. 57. 162 The flying bands, the rattle of two hundred looms.
II. Of shape only, without any binding function.
†8. A side or flitch (of bacon). [The earliest use in Eng., f. OF. bande side.]
c1394P. Pl. Crede 763 And wiþ þe bandes [v.r. randes] of bakun his baly for to fillen. [1611Cotgr., Bande de larde, a flitch or side of bacon.]
9. a. Anything having the shape or appearance of a band in sense 1; esp. a flat surface with parallel sides, and of more or less breadth, running across or around an object.
1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 581 Bande or Band; a narrow flat surface, having its face in a vertical plane. 1836–9Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. II. 621/1 The bands spring from..the apicial part of the left ventricle. 1861Parker Introd. Goth. Archit. (1874) 319 Band, a ring round a shaft, as if to bind it to the larger pillar. 1879H. Phillips Add. Notes Coins 3 Upon a band in centre extending from side to side of the medal is the sign Aquarius. 1881Syd. Soc. Lex., Band, flattened, the cylinder-axis of white nerve fibre.
b. Recording. (See quot. 1962.)
1953His Master's Voice Record No. ALP 1052, Elgar Symphony No. 1 (cover), Side 1. Band 1—First movement... Band 2—Second movement. 1957Records & Recording Oct. 35/3 It looks like a normal LP, but..it plays for only half the time—the first track is on the outside, separated by a blank band from the second inner track. 1962A. Nisbett Technique Sound Studio 242 Band, separately recorded section of a disc, of which there may be several on a side. By extension, the term may also mean an individual section of a tape recording which is bounded by spacers.
10. a. A more or less broad stripe, distinguished by colour or aspect from the surface which it crosses; hence, a particular portion, space, or region of a certain breadth crossing a surface.
1470–85Malory Arthur i. xiv, With bandys of grene, and therupon gold. 1494Fabyan vii. 423 Iakettys or cotys of demy partye of yolowe and grene, with a bande of whyte caste ouerthwarte. 1833Lyell Princ. Geol. III. 228 The arenaceous strata do not form one continuous band around the margin of the basin. 1857Livingstone Trav. xxiv. 472 We came upon another broad band of the same flower. 1865Geikie Scen. & Geol. Scot. xi. 297 Successive bands of dark rock and grassy slope. 1876Geo. Eliot Dan. Der. II. xxiii. 89 The..sunshine..came..through the windows in slanting bands of brightness.
b. bands: a fault in flannel and serge cloth, when, from the uneven shrinking of defective weft, tight inelastic stripes occur here and there across the piece.
c. fig. = range n.1 10 b. (Cf. band n.3 5.)
1929A. L. James in S.P.E. Tract xxxii. 6 We now have a certain type, or rather a carefully chosen band of types of English. Ibid. 9 Those who speak any one variety of the narrow band are recognised as educated speakers. 1959Listener 19 Feb. 331/1 The standard of play.. is at a fairly level band of skill and teamwork throughout, at least in Division One.
11. a. Ent. A transverse stripe of any colour, also called fascia; b. Bot. A space between any two elevated lines or ribs on the fruit of umbelliferous plants; also called vitta.
1841E. Newman Hist. Brit. Ins. iii. ii. 175 A fillet is a longitudinal stripe, and a band or fascia is a transverse one. 1845Florist's Jrnl. Aug. 175 Bands, or Vittæ, the flattened or hollow spaces between the elevated ribs of the fruit of umbelliferous plants.
12. Geol. A stratum with a band-like section.
1837Penny Cycl. VII. 285/2 Layers of what the miners call band..very thin beds of clay-slate. 1839Murchison Silur. Syst. i. xxxv. 472 A band of iron ore. 1858Geikie Hist. Boulder x. 198 A mass of hard yellow calcareous shale, known to the workmen as ‘bands.’
13. Physics. A group of closely-spaced lines, esp. in a molecular spectrum; band spectrum, a spectrum characterized by such bands.
1831Brewster Optics x. 86 Halfway between A and B is a group of seven or eight [lines], forming together a dark band. 1869H. E. Roscoe Spectrum Analysis iv. 146 In the case of bodies whose spectra change from bands to lines on increase of temperature, a recombination of the elements occurs on cooling, and the band spectrum of the compound reappears. 1885― Ibid. (ed. 4) iii. 130 Nearly all bodies..have been found to exhibit both a band and a line spectrum, the band spectrum always belonging to the lower temperature. 1903A. M. Clerke Problems in Astrophysics iii. 39 Band-spectra..display no sensitiveness to pressure. 1923Glazebrook Dict. Appl. Physics IV. 786/1 Bands, which are usually associated with the spectra of compounds of molecules, consist of groups of lines which converge to definite heads. 1957Encycl. Brit. III. 25/2 A spectrum consists of lines showing certain definite regularities of arrangement. The so-called ‘line spectra’ are attributable to atoms, and band spectra are due to molecules... Such a series [of lines] appears to terminate abruptly at the point where the separation of the lines is least; this is called the head of the band, and is a prominent feature of most band spectra.
14. Electr. A range of frequencies or wave-lengths that falls between two given limits; = wave-band. Also in Comb., as band-pass filter, an electrical filter with a very low attenuation for currents within given limits of frequency; band width, bandwidth, the interval separating the limits of a band.
1922A. F. Collins Radio Amat. Handbk. 321 When continuous waves are being sent out and..modulated by a microphone transmitter the different audio frequencies set up corresponding radio frequencies and the energy of these are emitted by the aerial; this results in waves of different lengths, or a band of waves as it is called. 1922Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 712/2 The appurtenances specially developed for accomplishing this selection [of frequencies] in carrier current telephony are known as ‘band-pass electrical filters’. 1929T. E. Shea Transmission Networks & Wave Filters ii. vii. 235 This type of filter excludes, or attenuates, all frequencies lying between its two cut-off frequencies, but..transmits..frequencies above and below this band. It is therefore commonly called a ‘band elimination’ filter. 1930Discovery Dec. 398/2 The band-pass filter, which follows the low frequency modulator, allows the lower side-band to pass with an attenuation of six decibels. 1930Proc. Inst. Radio Engin. XVIII. 168 The greater band width being required as the standard of quality [sc. in broadcast speech or music] becomes higher. 1931Daily Express 21 Sept. 7/4 An advanced form of band-pass tuning. 1933K. Henney Radio Engin. Handbk. xvii. 444 Television..requires a very wide band; high-grade program broadcasting, a fairly wide band; satisfactory speech, a somewhat narrower band. 1935Ibid. (ed. 2) 171 Filters are divided into four classes, according to the frequency bands which they are intended to transmit, namely, low pass, high pass, band pass, band elimination. 1940Amat. Radio Handbk. (ed. 2) 59/2 The main inductance L2 is tuned by C2 and C3..the latter of smaller capacity for band-spread purposes. 1940Wireless Engineer XVII. 394/1 Band-spreading may be defined as the deliberate limitation of the frequency range covered by a tuning unit, in order to facilitate the process of tuning. 1944Electronic Engin. XVI. 322 Both colour reproduction and definition would require a very much greater band-width. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 230/1 If the set is required for short-wave reception as well as for the long and medium bands. 1959Times 16 Jan. 10/1 The most important decision the C.C.I.R. will have to make..refers to the bandwidth of television transmissions in Bands IV and V. 1969Ibid. 27 Mar. 12/8 Measurements giving the energy emitted in selected wavelength bands have been made on 300 stars.
III. Comb., as band-maker, band-reel, band-wimble; also band-like, band-shaped adj. band-brake, a brake consisting of a band operating on a spindle; band-case = band-box; band ceramic (see Bandkeramik); band clutch, a clutch consisting of a band operating on a spindle or drum; band-collar (cf. 4 above); band-fish, a fish of the genus Cepola, belonging to the ribbon-shaped family of the order Acanthopteri; band-knife, an ‘endless’ knife; band-pulley, a flat-faced wheel, fixed on a shaft and driven by a band; band-saw, an endless saw, consisting of a steel belt with a serrated edge running with great speed over wheels; band-sawyer, an operative who uses a band-saw; band-string, a string for fastening bands (see above, 4), in the 17th c. ornamented with tassels, etc. (see Fairholt Costume 423); band-wheel, a wheel to which motion is communicated by a band running over it. Also bandbox, q.v.
1889Cent. Dict., *Band-brake. 1908Daily Chron. 21 Nov 9/4 A band-brake operates on the balance gear.
1635T. Cranley Amanda xliii, Within a *Band-case lies thy Ruffe.
1910Cycl. Automobile Engin. I. 210 The most usual place in which the *band clutch is found is in connection with a planetary transmission. 1957Encycl. Brit. V. 864/1 Band clutches are usually installed when it is necessary to transmit heavy loads accompanied by shocks.
1820Scott Abbot iv, A speck of soot upon his *band-collar.
1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes I. 224 Red *Band-fish, Snakefish, Ribandfish = Cepola rubescens.
1926Glasgow Herald 12 July 8 Following the sewing machine come[s] the *band-knife.
1839Todd Cycl. Anat. & Phys. III. 769/2 A *band-like commissure.
1864Webster s.v. Saw, *Band-saw. 1890W. J. Gordon Foundry i. 30 A band-saw..which cuts through iron like cheese. 1916Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 9 July 13/4 The machinery is already partly installed in the bandsaw mill.
1909Daily Chron. 25 Sept. 7/6 *Band Sawyer wanted.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. iv, This is called the solemn *band-string. 1689Selden Table T. 85 If a man..twirls his Bandstrings. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. II. 556 He [wore] snakebone bandstrings (or bandstrings with very large tassels). 1816Scott Antiq. ix, Wi' mony a button and a bandstring about it.
1407Test. Ebor (1836) I. 347, j. mortas-wymbyll, j. *band-wymbyll, j. hoke, ii. planes.
▸ a. Finance and Business. A defined range of values, specifying upper and lower limits for a variable rate or price.
1948W. A. Paton Testimony 6 Dec. in Corporate Profits (U.S. Congr. Joint Comm. on Econ.) (1949) 67 We are specifically regulating rates and trying to assure the company of the narrow band of fluctuation. 1969Times 24 Mar. 4/4 There will be no changes in the adjustments of price on either side of the band. 1991Economist 5 Jan. 15/2 The government..should narrow sterling's EMS band, from its current 6% on either side of the central rate to the 21/4% that is standard for other EMS members. 1996L. Gough Choosing Pension ix. 120 There are ‘bands’ of income tax rates, also known as ‘marginal rates’.
b. Finance (orig. Brit.). Any of the various defined ranges of maturity for notes traded in a money market. Also more fully maturity band.
1982Financial Times 2 Jan. 19/6 The Bank gave assistance..of {pstlg}229m, comprising purchases of eligible bank bills in band 1 (up to 14 days of {pstlg}84m at 14 3/8 per cent and in band 2 (15–33 days). 1988Internat. Banking Rep. (Nexis) 7 Nov. The banks and other participants now have the opportunity to trade in discounted bills with the shorter maturities of 1, 2 and 3 weeks, in addition to the 1–6 month maturity band already available. 1997Business Times (Malaysia) (Nexis) 12 May 14 The yield for band 1 and band 2 Bank Negara bills were depressed to around 6.30 per cent as demand rose sharply. 2003P. Jorion Financial Risk Manager Handbk. xxxii. 687 To understand the base risk rate, consider for instance the 7–10 year band, which carries a weight of 3.75 percent.
▪ III. band, n.3|bænd|
Also 5–6 bande.
[Late 15th c. bande, a. F. bande = Pr., Sp., It. banda, app. adopted from Teutonic (cf. OHG. bant, OS., ON. band: see band n.1; also Goth. bandi: see bend n.1). The word received in Romanic a new development of sense, not found in Teutonic, with which it has since been taken back, not only into Eng., but also into Ger. (bande) and Du. (bende, formerly bande); the adoption being facilitated by its obvious connexion with the native words. In Eng., where the pre-existing band n.1, was synonymous with bend, the present word was, by confusion with these, also often written bend. So also in mod.Du. bende for bande, by assoc. with a native bende: see bend n.1
The actual history of banda in this sense, and its relation to the Teutonic forms, are not without uncertainty, owing to our ignorance at present of its age, and to the fact that It., Sp., Pg. banda, F. bande, are found also as synonyms of benda, bende ‘fascia’ (which, except in It., they have now indeed superseded), while conversely Littré's earliest example of bande ‘troop’ is spelt bende, thus showing at least form-association between the two words. And some actually identify them: Du Cange says that the company of soldiers formed by Alfonso of Castille was called a banda, from the red banda or ribbon worn by them as a sash; and the new ed. of the Vocab. della Crusca explains banda as ‘Company of soldiers, because originally distinguished by a banda or band of cloth of a certain colour.’ But Littré refers banda, bande ‘troop’ to late L. bandum banner; and Du Cange shows med.L. bandus in sense both of ‘fascia,’ and of ‘company of men collected under a certain leader or banner,’ thus associating all three notions. Whatever the original source, it is evident that the popular feeling associated benda, banda, ‘fascia, stripe, sash, scarf, ribbon,’ banda, ‘company, troop,’ and bandum ‘banner.’]
1. a. An organized company; a troop. Said of armed men, also of robbers, assassins, etc.
1490Caxton Eneydos lv. 152 Mesapus wyth a goode bande of folke. 1568Bible (Bishops') 2 Kings xxiv. 2 Bandes of the Chaldees, and bandes of the Syrians. 1598Barret Theor. Warres i. i. 5 Trayned companies, and selected bandes. 1667Milton P.L. ii. 997 Her victorious Bands. 1822Byron Werner iv. i. 301 The ‘black bands’ who still Ravage the frontier. 1826Southey Lett. C. Butler 499 A whole band of robbers were converted. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 330 Small bands, unable to resist in the open field.
b. trained or train-band: see train-band.
2. A confederation of persons having a common purpose.
1557N. T. (Genev.) Ep. *iii, The traiterous bande. 1738Wesley Wks. (1872) I. 92 That the persons so meeting be divided into several bands, or little companies. 1879Furnivall in New Shaks. Soc. Rep. 11. The band of English men and women whose bond of oneness is ‘to do honour to Shakspere.’
3. a. A company of persons or animals in movement.
1601Shakes. All's Well iv. i. 16 He must thinke vs some band of strangers. 1611Bible Gen. xxxii. 7 Hee diuided the..camels into two bands. 1725Pope Odyss. xxii. 521 The matron-train with all the virgin-band. 1770Goldsm. Des. Vill. 401 Downward they move, a melancholy band. 1876Green Short Hist. iv. §6 The little band of fugitives.
b. A herd or flock. N. Amer.
1824S. Black Jrnl. Voy. fr. Rocky Mt. (1955) 73 The band of Carribou is gone farther. 1824W. H. Keating Narr. Exped. St. Peter's River I. viii. 379 The term band, as applied to a herd of buffalo, has almost become technical, being the one in use in the west. a1861T. Winthrop John Brent (1883) ii. 11, I had come upon a band of horses feeding on the prairie. 1872Schele de Vere Americanisms 210 California for instance, forms its vast flocks of sheep into bands, of about a thousand each. 1920J. M. Hunter Trail Drivers of Texas 319 How many of the ‘band’ (meaning the herd) are gone? 1953Canad. Geogr. Jrnl. XLVI. 246/2 Herder and ‘band’ (not flock) have lost their lives in blizzards year after year.
4. a. A company of musicians; the company of musicians attached to a regiment of the Army.
1660–3Warrant Bk. iv. 316 George Hudson and Davies Mell to give orders for the band of Musicns. Ibid. 384 His Mati⊇s Band of Violins. 1766Entick London IV. 446 The entertainment consists of a fine band of music. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms iv. 442 The music bands both near and far Are playing. 1832Regul. Instr. Cavalry iii. 58 The Band..plays whilst the Regiment is passing. 1845E. Holmes Mozart 6 Pieces which it seems were daily performed..by a band on the fortifications.
b. Colloq. phrases: when the band begins to play, when matters become serious; to beat the band, lit. so as to drown the noise made by the band; hence, to exceed, surpass, or beat everything.
1890Kipling Barrack-room Ballads (1892) 6 It's ‘Thank you, Mister Atkins’, when the band begins to play. 1897C. M. Flandrau Harvard Episodes 223, I was on the box-seat driving, you know,—lickety-split, to beat the band. 1900G. Bonner Hard-Pan iii. 81 Doesn't that beat the band? 1910W. M. Raine B. O'Connor ii. 24 It's send for Bucky quick when the band begins to play. Ibid. 236 Eating together like brothers and laughing to beat the band. 1920Wodehouse Coming of Bill ii. vi. 167 You certainly are working to beat the band just now. 1923A. Christie Murder on Links viii. 101 Well, if that doesn't beat the band!
†5. fig. A group of things. Obs.
1690Locke Hum. Und. iii. iii, Those Things we..have ranked into Bands, under distinct Names or Ensigns.
6. Band of Hope, a name given (first about 1847) to associations of young people who pledge themselves to total abstinence from the use of intoxicating liquors.
1847J. Tunnicliff Temperance song, ‘Come, all dear children’, The Band of Hope shall be our name, the Temperance star our guide. 1878Temp. Record 17 Jan. 33/2 Thus we find, in every city, town, and hamlet, Bands of Hope, and Senior Bands of Hope.
7. Comb., as band-brother, band-leader, band-leading, band-playing, band-roll, band-room, band-society. band-master, the leader of a band of musicians, whence band-mastered ppl. a.; band parts, written or printed pieces of music (see part n. 10) for each member of a band of musicians; band shell U.S., a bandstand in the form of a large concave shell with special acoustical properties; see shell n. 12 c; band-stand, a platform or other structure for the use of a band of musicians.
1742Observ. Methodists 20 Give my dear Love to my dear *Band Brethren.
1894Munsey's Mag. XII. 411 (heading) Famous American *band leaders. 1927Melody Maker Aug. 813/1 All band leaders still find it very difficult to obtain good instrumentalists. 1961Times 20 May 11/4 Another bandleader-composer in search of his youth is Count Basie.
1955L. Feather Encycl. Jazz (1956) i. 18 The *bandleading career that was to take many great Negro jazzmen..North.
1858W. Ellis Vis. Madagascar xiii. 369 The *bandmaster of one of the English regiments.
1865Ruskin Sesame 110 A large species of marsh mosquito..melodious, *band-mastered, trumpeting in the summer air.
1895A. Roberts Adv. by Rail iii. 45, I had a box stolen. Amongst other things, it contained my *band-parts.
1909Daily Chron. 5 Oct. 1/3 An evening of excellent American *band-playing.
1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 200 A *bandroll or Muster-roll.
1909Cent. Dict. Suppl., *Band-room, a store-room on a flag-ship in which the bandsmen keep their instruments and music. 1929Melody Maker Jan. 59/1 A suite comprising waiting-room, band-room, engineers' room, announcer's room. 1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage i. 15 The stage-manager looks at his watch: it is time to warn the ‘band-room’.
1928Amer. City Sept. 115/3 A *band-shell of good design was erected a few years ago in Spaulding Park, Muskogee, Okla. 1938Sun (Baltimore) 2 Aug. 18/4 The Musical Union of Baltimore..had requested the Board of Park Commissioners to build a band shell below the mansion house in Druid Hill Park. 1964Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 6 May (1970) 132 The service band was playing merrily in front of the bandshell. 1984N. Florida Activities Guide Spring 30/1 Free concerts in the beach-front bandshell.
1742Observ. Methodists 20 Forming them into *Band Societies.
1859J. Lang Wand. India 256 On the parade ground and at the *band stand.
1879Spectator 7 June 719 Co-operating in labour, which the late Prof. Clifford used to speak of..as *band-work.
▪ IV. band, n.4|bænd|
[Of uncertain origin: it may be conjecturally connected either with band n.2, or with bande = bound, bourne, as separating two valleys or gills; the Welsh bant ‘height’ has also been compared.]
A ridge of a hill; commonly applied in the English Lake district to a long ridge-like hill of minor height, or to a long narrow sloping offshoot from a higher hill or mountain.
1513Douglas æneis xi. x. 63 Him self ascendis the hie band of the hyll. 1869Peacock Gloss. Lonsdale Dial., Band, the summit of a minor hill, as ‘Swirl band,’ Tilberthwaite fell. 1872Jenkinson Eng. Lakes (1879) 23 The vale head of Langdale is divided by the Band into the Mickleden and Oxendale glens.
▪ V. † band(e, n.5 Obs.
[var. of bonde, a ME. form of bound n.]
= bound, limit.
c1420Avow. Arth. iii, None so hardi Durste bide in his bandus. 1470Harding Chron. x. vii, To let hym passe and ride Frely, where so they would withouten bande. 1470–85Malory Arthur ii. xvii, Thow passyst thy bandes to come this waye. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxxxii. 321 They haue..done many an yuell dede in the bandes of Tholous.
▪ VI. band, v.1|bænd|
[a. F. bande-r, f. bande band n.1 and n.2, the senses of which run together in the verb. Perh. partly derived from the Eng. ns.]
1. trans. To bind or fasten with a band or bands.
1488–1852 [see banded 1.]
2.
†a. To furnish with a band, to bind (a garment).
b. To cover with a band or bandage. Obs.
1530Palsgr. 443/1, I bande a garment or a maser, or any suche lyke..Bande your jacket, it shall be strongar. a1700Dryden (J.) His eyes were banded over. 1855Bookseller 5 Mar. (Advt.) Prospectuses folded, banded, and stamped for Post.
c. To furnish (a bird) with an identifying band. So banded ppl. adj., banding vbl. n. and ppl. adj. (See also bird-banding.) orig. U.S.
1914Lit. Digest 17 Jan. 102/2 Last year over 150 young American and snowy egrets were banded. 1930E. W. Hendy Wild Exmoor xviii. 275 The promiscuous habits of house wrens banded (i.e. ringed) in Ohio. 1930J. S. Huxley Bird-Watching iii. 47 The practice of banding birds—attaching a light numbered and dated ring of metal to their legs, either when still in the nest, or after being caught in a special and harmless trap and subsequently set free again. Ibid., This banding method has..been used to shed light upon other sides of bird-life. 1934Discovery Apr. 111/1 It was natural that those species to be banded..should be the common frequenters of our gardens. Ibid. 112/2 The banding records indicate that..those that migrate through and winter in the east would be very slow to re-populate the devastated areas in the west.
3. To mark with bands or stripes.
1853Kane Grinnell Exp. xxviii. (1856) 230 An opalescent purple, that banded the entire horizon. 1878Huxley Physiogr. xix. 328 Each of these halves is banded round by a number of circles.
4. To join or form into a band or company; to unite, confederate, league:
a. trans. and refl. Also, to form (cattle or sheep) into a herd or flock (U.S.).
1530Palsgr. 443/1 He bandeth hymselfe with your enemyes. 1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. A ij, Bandyng..all his knowledge and skill agaynst the professed doctrine of our Religion. a1593H. Smith Wks. (1867) II. 184 The rulers band themselves against him. 1667Milton P.L. v. 714 What multitudes Were banded to oppose his high Decree. 1876Green Short Hist. ii. §6. 91 Everywhere..men banded themselves together for prayer. 1878B. F. Taylor Between Gates 266 Leave him to ‘band’ his sheep and herd his bees as he pleases.
b. intr.
1530Palsgr. 443/1 He bandeth with them that wyll forsake hym, whan he hath most nede. 1596Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 36 Huge routs of people did about them band. 1611Bible Acts xxiii. 12 Certaine of the Iewes banded together. 1845R. Hamilton Pop. Educ. vi. 118 The enemies of Sabbath school Instruction are too scattered to band, too imbecile to argue.
Add:5. To subject to banding (*banding vbl. n.1 4, 5); to allocate to a band according to ability, income, etc.
1976Times 31 Jan. 1/3 The Inner London Education Authority's system of ‘banding’ children from primary to secondary school may be made illegal under the Education Bill. Children are ‘banded’ as above average, average and below average. 1987Financial Times 2 Nov. 34/5 Interest rates were banded last October in an effort to produce greater inter-bank competitiveness. Ibid. 10 Dec. 13/3 The desirability of making the community charge more fair by banding the rate of charge in proportion to ability to pay. 1990Daily Tel. 3 May 18 Even if the Government does decide to ‘band’ the tax..the damage will have been done. 1990Times Educ. Suppl. 19 Oct. 15/4 The head..does not know that the infants are banded in terms of their ability.
▪ VII. † band, v.2 Obs.
[either a. F. bander, or shortened form of bandy v.; cf. the pa. pples. banded, bandied, of similar sound.]
= bandy v. in various senses.
1580Hollyband Treas. Fr. Tong., Prebender en vn tripot, to band in the tennice. 1596Spenser F.Q. iii. ii. 41 Swete love such lewdnes bands from his faire companee. 1613W. Browne Brit. Past. i. iv, He..Had heapes of fire-brands banded at his face. 1616Beaum. & Fl. Cust. Countr. vi, Adverse fortune Banding us from one hazard to another. 1641Shirley Cardinal v. iii, Thus banded out o' the world by a woman's plot! 1672Dryden Conq. Granada i. i. (1725) 36 Though they band and jar. |