| 释义 |
▪ I. rosette, n.|rəʊˈzɛt|
[a. F. rosette, dim. of rose rose n.: see -ette.]
1. a. A decoration consisting of a bunch or knot of ribbons, leather strips, worsted or the like, concentrically disposed so as to resemble a rose, and worn as an ornament or badge.
1790Pennsylvania Packet 11 Dec. 3/2 Imported..Ladies..elegant..beaded rosettes, for shoes. 1802James Milit. Dict., Rosette, an ornamental bunch of ribands, or cut leather, which is worn both by officers and soldiers in the British service, on the upper part of their cues. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. xxiv, A pair of white soiled satin shoes with large blue rosettes. 1848Layard Nineveh (1850) 325 The ornaments on his robes consisted of rosettes and fringes. 1871G. Meredith H. Richmond xliii, The ladies were working rosettes for me. 1965T. Gunn in New Statesman 14 May 768/1 To enter Jerusalem on an ass..or wear a rosette for Arsenal. 1967Listener 26 Oct. 552/3, I walked up to one of the chaps and said.., pointing at the two Welsh rosettes upon his chest: ‘Excuse me, what are these for?’
transf.1863Tyndall Heat v. §195 We have our drop of water moulded to a most beautiful rosette.
b. spec. as a decoration of harness; esp. applied to such a decoration awarded to prize-winners at horse shows and similar events.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Rosette,..an ornament for a horse's head-stall. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1984/1 Rosette,..a leather or metallic ornament placed on a bridle or halter at the point where the front joins the crown-piece. 1951J. Pullein-Thompson Radney Riding Club ii. 31 When the ponies were fed and settled for the night Eric nailed the new rosettes beside the others in the saddle-room. 1957R. Ferguson Rosettes for Jill v. 52, I fastened my two red rosettes and the blue one on Black Boy's brow⁓band, and collected my prizes.
c. Naut. A form of knot.
1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1240/2.
d. transf. A rose- or star-shaped symbol used in guides to hotels and restaurants to indicate the standard of service or cuisine provided.
1966P. V. Price France 318 The famous ‘stars’ of Michelin, which are indicated by rosettes in the guide book, refer solely to the standard of the food and drink. 1974Country Life 24 Jan. 167/3 (Advt.), Our AA Rosette reflects..the high standards of country house hotel-keeping of which we are justly proud. 1976Times 2 Oct. 10/1 In Avignon..a truly Lucullan dinner at Hiély-Lucullus..the food worthy of its two rosettes in Michelin.
2. Arch.
a. An ornament resembling a rose in form, painted, sculptured, or moulded upon, attached to, or incised in a wall or other surface.
1806J. Dallaway Obs. Eng. Archit. 179 About the reign of Edward III..more ornament was introduced, and delicately carved orbs and rosettes were added. 1838Murray's Hdbk. N. Germ. 493 The winding stair terminates, under a species of carved rosette. 1872H. T. Ellacombe Bells of Ch. in Ch. Bells Devon 215 A girdle of twelve oval medallions containing, in relief, busts of the twelve Apostles, each divided by elegant rosettes.
b. A rounded ornamental perforation; a rosace or rose-window.
1836Longfellow in Life (1891) I. 248 The two round windows or rosettes are exquisitely beautiful. 1851Ruskin Stones Ven. (1874) I. xvii. 184 The arches in pairs, or in triple and quadruple groups,..with small rosettes pierced above them for light.
3. Metallurgy. One of the disk-like plates formed by successive sprinklings of water upon the molten copper in a crucible.
1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XI. 467/1 By again sprinkling water on the mass of copper, it is all of it reduced into plates, which are called rosettes, and these plates are what is called rosette-copper. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 326 The matt..being sprinkled with water and taken off, leaves the black copper to be treated in a similar way, and converted into rosettes. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1970/1 Copper thus treated is known as rose copper, from its red color, and the disks are known as rosettes.
4. Biol.
a. A cluster of organs or parts, a marking or group of markings, resembling a rose in form or arrangement.
1834McMurtrie Cuvier's Anim. Kingd. 312 In the third section of the sedentary rectigrade spiders, the Orbitelæ, the external fusi are almost conical, slightly salient, convergent, and form a rosette. 1872H. A. Nicholson Palaeont. 105 In another great group the ambulacral areas..simply form a kind of rosette upon the upper surface of the shell. 1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 723 ‘Ciliated rosettes,’ or minute depressions into the mesoglaea.
b. A cluster of leaves naturally disposed like the petals of a rose. Also, a similar formation as a symptom of plant disease, the leaves on a stem being clustered owing to its greatly reduced internodal growth.
1847W. E. Steele Field Bot. 42 Scions short, terminating in a rosette of leaves. 1870Hooker Stud. Flora 359 Leaves..in lateral rosettes. 1891Jrnl. Mycol. VI. 143 The lower leaves on these tufts or rosettes roll and curl, turn yellow,..and fall early. 1937F. D. Heald Introd. Plant Path. ii. 20 Rosettes, or closely grouped clusters of leaves caused by the failure of axes to make a normal elongation. This should not be confused with the normal rosette habit of certain plants. 1952[see next sense]. 1980Amateur Gardening 18 Oct. 21 The lovely wide-faced flowers..are held over the hairy rosettes of leaves in May and June.
c. Any of various plant diseases in which there are rosette-like malformations of leaves. Also rosette disease.
1891E. F. Smith in Jrnl. Mycol. VI. 143 It seems best, therefore, to call it [sc. the disease] ‘the peach rosette’ until it can be determined whether it is identical with yellows. Ibid. 146 This rosette disease resembles yellows very closely. 1895in Funk's Stand. Dict. 1923Phytopathology XIII. 41 The symptoms of the rosette disease of wheat bear certain resemblances to the symptoms of corn mosaic as described by Kunkel. 1946Ann. Reg. 1945 349 K. M. Smith..has shown that the two separable complexes of tobacco rosette disease may be transmitted..by Aphis. 1950Times 2 Feb. 9/2 This new discovery brings within reach a means of prevention of virus diseases which are transmitted by aphids, such as yellow virus on sugar beet, strawberry virus and rosette disease in groundnuts. 1952tr. Gram & Weber's Plant Dis. 489/2 Rosette is a disease of Lilium longiflorum and its varieties...Infected plants have yellow leaves which remain in a basal rosette. 1972J. T. Slykhuis in Kado & Agrawal Princ. & Techniques Plant Virol. vii. 208 Evidence that pigeon pea sterility and rose rosette are caused by viruses rests on transmission of the disease by grafting.
d. Med. A group of red cells bearing one factor adhering to one red cell bearing another factor, produced in tests for antigens, antibodies, and related substances on the cell surfaces.
[1958Jrnl. Clin. Invest. XXXVII. 1216/2 The antibody-sensitized red cells were seen to cluster around individual leukocytes, often producing rosette-patterns.] 1964Immunol. VII. 477 Many of the peritoneal cells were seen to be coated with sheep red cells, giving, in many instances, a characteristic ‘rosette’ appearance. 1966Jrnl. Exper. Med. CXXIII. 144 (caption) Rosettes of sheep red cells adsorbed onto the surface of guinea pig lung macrophages. 1971I. M. Roitt Essent. Immunol. iii. 50 When lymphocytes are incubated with, say, sheep red cells, those with surface receptors for the erythrocytes will bind them to form a rosette. 1976Nature 15 July 216/1 This heat treatment does not destroy the ability of the macrophages to form rosettes with sheep red blood cells.
5. a. A circular rose-like pattern; also, one of the pattern-disks of a rose-engine.
1767J. Wedgwood Let. 23 May (1965) 53 At Birmingham I saw a Lathe executed upon the plan of that which is full of Rosetts, and every Rosett had a projection from the edge. 1843Penny Cycl. XXV. 424/2 Upon the mandril are mounted the pattern guides, or rosettes, circular plates of gun-metal or brass, each..having two patterns or waves upon its rim. 1867Chambers's Encycl. IX. 594/2 A number of rosettes are generally strung at once on the mandrel. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 963/2 The means by which the stars, rosettes, and ornamental tablets..are produced around the denominating figures, etc., of bank-notes. 1931A. U. Dilley Oriental Rugs & Carpets (caption to plate 33) India Rug of Persian star, palinette, rosette, and leaf design with border of realistic flowering plants.
b. = rose diamond.
1865Brande & Cox Dict. Sci. etc., s.v. Diamond, They are cut chiefly into two forms, called brilliants, and rose-diamonds or rosettes.
c. Any object, or arrangement of parts, resembling a rose in form.
1856Orr's Circ. Sci., Pract. Chem. 507 The gas must be burnt under a platinum rosette. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 1984/1 Rosette,..a form of gas-burner in which the gas issues at a circular series of holes.
d. = rose n. 14 g.
1896R. Robb Electr. Wiring v. 152 The holes in the socket bushing and in the rosette are little larger than enough to allow the cord to slide through them. 1904Electr. World & Engin. 7 May 887/2 The finish and smoothness of the rosette are in every way admirable. 1961C. C. Carr Craft's Amer. Electricians' Handbk. (ed. 8) iv. 126 The drop cord passes through the hole in the center and is attached to connections inside the body of the rosette.
e. Geol. = rock-rose 5, rose n. 16 e.
[1902H. A. Miers Mineral. iv. i. 249 Irregular conjunctions are distinguished as—... Rosette-shaped, when they overlap round a centre like the petals of a rose.] 1905Bull. U.S. Geol. Survey No. 239. 59 The rosettes are sometimes a foot in diameter, while there is every gradation from this to submicroscopic size. 1923Proc. Oklahoma Acad. Sci. III. 102 Barite and especially the form known as ‘sand barite rosettes’, has long attracted attention as one of the most widely disseminated of Oklahoma minerals. 1971Fejer & Walker tr. H. Baegel's Collector's Guide Minerals & Gemstones i. 31 Tabular minerals (gypsum, barite, hematite) may occasionally form rosettes (‘desert roses’).
f. Engin. An arrangement about a point of three or more coplanar lines that represent the axes of strain gauges used to determine the strain existing in a structure or material at that point.
1931W. Hovgaard in Trans. Soc. Naval Architects & Marine Engineers XXXIX. 26/1 We arrive thus at what may be called a ‘rosette’ of strain measurements consisting of one horizontal (longitudinal) strain, one vertical (transverse), and two at 45 degrees inclination. 1946G. Murphy Advanced Mechanics of Materials iii. 64 Valuable information concerning the stresses can be obtained by measuring the strains developed in a model or a trial design of the prototype and converting the strains into stresses. The usual procedure involves the measurement of the normal strains on a rosette of three or four intersecting gage lines at the point. 1950M. I. Hetenyi Handbk. Exper. Stress Anal. ix. 400 The four-gage 45° rosette combines all the advantages enumerated..for the equiangular and the rectangular rosettes. 1969H. N. Norton Handbk. Transducers for Electronic Measuring Syst. xiii. 559 Gages with multiple grids (rosettes) were developed for simultaneous measurement of strain in different directions.
6. attrib. and Comb., as rosette bud, rosette form, rosette habit, rosette plate, rosette symptom, rosette virus; rosette-forming, rosette-like adjs.; rosette copper (see sense 3); rosette gauge Engin., an assembly of strain gauges whose axes correspond to the lines of a rosette (see sense 5 f); rosette plant (see quot. 1934).
1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants xviii. 543 Digitalis purpurea regenerate from rosette buds if the inflorescence is damaged before the seed is required.
1898Manson Trop. Dis. 25 In quartans and tertians..sporulating rosette-forms are seen occasionally.
1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants xiv. 437 The flora of Port Meadow is composed of perennial grasses..plus laterally spreading clonal dicots..and some rosette-forming species.
1943Exper. Stress Anal. I. i. 13/2 In connection with the use of wire resistance rosette gages..small corrections must sometimes be applied to the initial strain observations. 1969H. N. Norton Handbk. Transducers for Electronic Measuring Syst. xiii. 561 When using rosette gages, it is necessary to operate upon the output readings using Poisson's ratio to convert strain rates to stress.
1937Rosette habit [see sense 4 b above].
1857Henfrey Elem. Bot. 23 The rosette-like off-shoots of House-leeks.
1903W. R. Fisher tr. Schimper's Plant-Geogr. iii. iv. 706 Perennial rosette-plants play a leading part, especially on alpine meadows. 1934H. Gilbert-Carter tr. Raunkiaer's Life Forms of Plants ii. 47 A transition is formed from the rosette plants in which..the foliage leaves are all gathered into a rosette at the base. 1965Austral. Encycl. VII. 123/2 It [sc. the Western Australian pitcher-plant] is a small rosette plant.
1888Rolleston & Jackson Anim. Life 235 Two cords..connect the rosette plates at one end with the corresponding plates at the other end.
1928C. E. Owens Princ. Plant Path. xix. 423 Potato plants which are attacked by the Rhizoctonia fungus on the underground parts sometimes show leaf⁓roll and rosette symptoms. 1937K. M. Smith Textbk. Plant Virus Dis. ii. 186 Numerous other [groundnut] plants in the Gambia have been observed showing typical rosette symptoms. 1960J. E. van der Plank Plant Path. III. vii. 262 Rosette virus ordinarily spreads slowly from peach to peach. 1977J. L. Harper Population Biol. of Plants xvi. 488 The rosette virus of peach..kills the host rapidly.
▪ II. rosette, v.|rəʊˈzɛt|
[f. rosette n.]
1. intr. Med. Of a cell: to form a rosette.
1969[implied in rosetting ppl. a. below]. 1973Jrnl. Immunol. CXI. 1834 Lymphocytes with binding sites for complement..do not rosette with R[abbit] R[ed] B[lood] C[ells]. 1977Lancet 5 Nov. 988/1, 2%..of the lymphocytes rosetted with sheep red blood-cells (T cells).
2. trans. To award a rosette-like symbol to, as a mark of excellence.
1974Guardian 20 Mar. 1/3 Three restaurants much rosetted by English guides—the Ritz, the Savoy, and the Mirabelle.
So roˈsetting ppl. a.
1969Internat. Arch. Allergy XXXV. 220 Vicarious loss of potentially rosetting cells would distort the results.
▪ III. rosette
obs. form of roset a. |