| 释义 |
▪ I. † ˈbarrat Obs.
Forms: 3–5 baret, 4 -ete, 4–5 -ette, -ett, -at, 5 -ate, -eyt, barret, -ette, 5–6 barrat.
[a. OF. barat (nom. baras) masc. (= It. baratto, OSp. barato, Pr. barat), also OF. barate fem. (= OSp., Cat., Pr. barata) ‘deceit, fraud, confusion, trouble, embarrassment.’ Of doubtful origin: the final -at of OF., and It. -atto, indicate an original a in position, as -att-, -apt- (Godef. has a 14th c. spelling barapt). The original sense in Romanic seems to have been ‘traffic, commerce, dealing’ (P. Meyer). Diez, Scheler, and E. Müller favour a possible derivation from Gr. πράττειν ‘to practise, do business, deal,’ as to which see their works. Chevallet and Stokes compare OIr. mrath, later brath, OBreton brat, later brad, Welsh brad ‘betrayal, treachery,’ as the possible source of the Fr. and thence of the other Romanic forms. Sense 3 cannot be separated from ON. barátta ‘fight, contest, strife, (in deriv.) trouble,’ which appears to have concurrently or independently influenced the Eng. word.]
1. Deception, fraud, fraudulent dealing.
[1292Britton iv. iii. §3 Par extorsioun..par barat et par contek.] 1340Ayenb. 39 Barat, ualshedes and alle gyles. c1400Mandeville xxvii. 272 Thei sette not be no Barettes..Cawteles, Disceytes. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 231 Doon in good entent and equyte and without barat. 1503Sheph. Kal. xlii, A Person with a short neck, is full of fraude, [of] barate, of deception.
2. Trouble, distress, sorrow, grief, pain.
c1230Ancr. R. 414 ‘Marthe, Marthe,’ cweð he, ‘þu ert ine muchele baret.’ c1325Metr. Hom. 124 Baret sal he thol and wa. c1400Epiph. (Turnb. 1843) 1727 Then saw he hym in gret bareyt And in a fyr to the navylle y-seytt. 1552Lyndesay Dreme 851 Quho sall beir of our barrat the blame?
3. Contention, strife, quarrel, fighting.
c1300Beket 703 The King him makede wroth ynouȝ: that so ofte in baret was. 1330R. Brunne Chron. 99 Whan þis barette was ent. c1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 21 Bolde bredden þer-inne, baret þat lofden. 1496Dives & Paup. (W. de W.) ix. xiv. 366 Whiche in fyght & barett lese theyr eyen, theyr feet, theyr hondes.
▪ II. † ˈbarrat, v. Obs. rare—1.
[? f. barrat n. (in sense 3), or perh. f. barrator; but cf. OF. barater, OSp., Pg., Cat., Pr. baratar, It. barattare to exchange, to cheat, deceive (after sense 1 of the n.).]
To quarrel, strive, brawl. Hence barrating vbl. n.
1600Pory Leo Africa iii. 134 To see how they will barret and scould one at another. 1635F. White Sabbath Ep. Ded. 7 Senators..with their barking, barrating, and libelling, haue brought..their venerable calling into much contempt. |