| 释义 |
▪ I. barrow, n.1|ˈbærəʊ|
Forms: 1 biorᵹ, 1–3 beorᵹ, 1–2 beorh, 2 beoruh, 3 berhȝ, borew, 4 berȝ, bergh, beruȝ, beruh, berw, (borw, borȝ, borgh, burgh), 6 barow, (7 barrough), 6– barrow. See also bargh, burrow.
[Com. Teut.: OE. beorᵹ (:—berg) = OS., OHG. berg, MDu. berch, Ger., Du. berg, Goth. *bairgs:—OTeut. *bergo-z, all masc.; cf. ON. berg and bjarg (neut.) ‘rock.’ Cogn. with OSlav. brĕgŭ mountain, height, OIr. brigh mountain, Skr. b'rhant, Zend barezant high:—Aryan *bhergh height. In Eng. literature, the word went out of use before 1400, but was preserved, in special senses, in the north. dial. bargh, barf, and south-western barrow; the latter has since been taken back into archæological and general use from the ‘barrows’ of Salisbury Plain, etc.]
†1. A mountain, mount, hill, or hillock. (Applied, as the date becomes later, to lower eminences.)
c885K. ælfred Oros. i. i. §12 Þa beorᵹas þe mon hæt Alpis. c1000Ags. Gosp. Luke iii. 5 ælc munt and beorh byþ ᵹenyðerod. c1150in Wright Voc. 92 Hul uel beoruh. 1205Lay. 12311 Vnder ane berhȝe. Ibid. 20854 Segges vnder beorȝen [1250 borewe] mid hornen, mid hunden. 1340Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 2172 A balȝ berȝ, bi a bonke. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. viii. 227 Thenne shalt þou blenche at a bergh [v.r. berwe, borw, borȝ, borgh], ber-no-fals-wytnesse. 1578Lyte Dodoens 36 Sterrewurte groweth vpon small hillockes, barrowes, or knappes. 1662Fuller Worthies i. 212 Planted on a little Barrough within Randome-shot of the Enemy.
2. Still in local use:
a. in the southwest, forming part of the name of hills, as Cadon Barrow in Cornwall, Trentishoe Barrow in North Devon, Bull Barrow in Dorset;
b. in the north, usually a long low hill, as Barrow near Derwentwater, Whitbarrow in North Lancashire: see bargh.
3. A mound of earth or stones erected in early times over a grave; a grave-mound, a tumulus. Also attrib. as barrow-wight (see quot. 1891); so barrow-wightish adj. (nonce).
c1000ælfric Joshua vii. 26 (Bosw.) Worhton mid stánum ánne steápne beorh him ofer. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 124 Ðeos wyrt..bið cenned abutan byrᵹenne, & on beorᵹum. 1576Lambarde Peramb. Kent (1826) 392 These hillocks, in the West Countrie (where is no small store of the like) are called Barowes..which signifieth Sepulchres. 1656J. Chaloner in D. King Vale Royall iv. 10 Those round hills, which in the Plains of Wiltshire are..by the Inhabitants termed Barrowes, like as in the Midland parts of England they call them Lowes, commonly and truly held to be the Sepulchres of the Danes. 1772Pennant Tours Scot. (1774) 185 A plain, on which are five earthen tumuli, or barrows. 1836Thirlwall Greece II. xiv. 244 Another barrow was consecrated to the Platæans and the slaves. 1851D. Wilson Preh. Ann. (1863) I. 65 Sir Richard Colt Hoare..adopted a subdivision, which embraces fourteen different kinds of barrows, classified according to their shape. 1860Tennyson Tithonus 71 Grassy barrows of the happier dead. 1877Greenwell & Rolleston (title) British Barrows; a record of the examination of sepulchral mounds. 1891A. Lang Ess. in Little 146 In the graves where treasures were hoarded the Barrowwights dwelt, ghosts that were sentinels over the gold. 1954J. R. R. Tolkien Fellowship of Ring i. viii. 151 The dreadful spells of the Barrow-wights about which whispered tales spoke. Ibid. xi. 197 It has a—well, rather a barrow-wightish look.
4. dial. A mound or heap.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. iii. 18 John lay on the ground by a barrow of heather. 1881Raymond Mining Gloss., Barrow (Cornw.), a heap of attle or rubbish.
▪ II. barrow, n.2 Obs. exc. dial.|ˈbærəʊ|
Forms: 1 bearᵹ, bearh, berᵹ, 3 baru, 4 bareȝ, 5 barowe, 6 barrowe, 6– barrow.
[Common Teut.: OE. bearᵹ (:—barg) = Fris. baerg, MDu. barch, Du. barg, OHG. barug, barh, MHG. barc (barg-es), Ger. barch, ON. börgr:—OTeut. *bargu-z or bargwo-z; not known beyond Teutonic.]
1. A castrated boar; a swine. Still dial.
a1000Riddles (Grein) xli. 106 Fættra þonne amæsted swín, bearᵹ bellende on bóc-wuda. c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. vii. 6 Ne sendas ᵹe mere-grotta iurre before berᵹ [Rushw. swinum]. a1250Owl & Night. 408 He wile of bore wurchen bareȝ [v.r. bareh]. 1297R. Glouc. 207 [He] hadde an vatte baru ynome. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. lxxxvii. (1495) 836 Amonge the tame swyne the males be callyd boores and barowes. 1577B. Googe Husb. (1586) 122 b, Take..of Barrowes grease very olde two poundes. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Mange, Anoint them with stale Barrows-Lard. 1741Compl. Fam.-Piece iii. 498 Better to keep all Boars and Sows, and no Barrows. 1864E. Capern Devon Provinc., Barrow, a castrated boar.
b. In later times commonly barrow-hog, barrow-pig.
1547Recorde Judic. Ur. 61 b, Tame barrow-hogs. 1599A. M. tr. Gabelhouer's Bk. Physic 252/2 Take the greace of a little redde Barrowe Pigge. 1693W. Robertson Phraseol. Gen. 732 A barrow-hog, porcus castratus. Mod. Kent. Dial., I bought two open sows and one barrow pig. [In most of the dialect glossaries.]
†2. A badger. Obs. rare. (? mispr. for bauson).
1552Huloet, Badger, barrow, brocke, or graye beaste.
3. Comb., barrow-flick, the fatty membrane covering the kidneys of a hog; barrow-guttlings, pig's chitterlings; intestines, bowels.
1575Turberv. Falconrie 363 An unguent made of Barrowe flicke. 1611L. Barrey Ram Alley iv. in Dodsl. O.P. (1780) V. 484 My barrow-guttlings grumble And would have food. 1725Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Mange, Take a Pound of Barrow-flick.
▪ III. barrow, n.3|ˈbærəʊ|
Forms: 4 barewe, 5 barwe, barow, 5–6 barowe, 6 barrowe, 5– barrow.
[ME. barewe points to an OE. *bearwe, barwe, OTeut. *barwâ- or barwôn-, a derivative of ber-an to bear: cf. the MHG. bere hand-barrow, rade-ber(e, now in Thuringian dial. rade-berre, wheel-barrow (Lexer I. 127, II. 333 ‘Cenovectorium, radeber’: cf. quot. 1483 in sense 2 below):—OTeut. barjâ-. Cf. also ON. barar pl.:—OTeut. *barâ-; and with long vowel OE. bǽr:—WGer. *bârâ-, OTeut. *bêrâ-, bier.]
1. A utensil for the carrying of a load by two or more men; a stretcher, a bier; spec. a flat rectangular frame of transverse bars, having shafts or ‘trams’ before and behind, by which it is carried; sometimes with four legs to raise it from the ground. Now more usually called hand-barrow to distinguish it from the wheel-barrow: see next.
c1300Beket 899 Theȝ ich scholde beo thider ibore in barewe other in bere. c1450Henryson Mouse & Frog, For thou war better beir of stane the barrow. 1535Coverdale Acts v. 15 They brought out the sycke..and layed them vpon beddes and barowes. 1632Sherwood s.v., A hand barrow, civiere..à bras. A necke-barrow, civiere à col. 1669Worlidge Syst. Agric. (1681) 322 Barrow, is of two sorts; either a Hand-barrow, or a Wheel-barrow. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. vii. v. III. 379 The wounded..defile in handbarrows.
2. a. A modification of the preceding, having one small wheel inserted between the front shafts, so that it can be pushed by a single man, the body or frame being usually converted into a kind of shallow open box; more fully called wheel-barrow. b. Also, in London and its vicinity, a small two-wheeled cart similarly pushed by the shafts, a hand-cart, or ‘costermonger's barrow.’
a1420Hoccleve De Reg. Princ. 983 Lade a carte or fille a barwe. 1436Pol. Poems (1859) II. 169 Halfe here shippes..wyth barowes are laden. c1440Promp. Parv. 105 Crowde wythe a barow, cinevecto. 1483Cath. Angl. 22 A Barrow, cenovectorium. 1552Huloet, Barrowe for to carye out dunge or filthe, cœnouectorium. 1768Goldsm. Good-n. Man ii. i. (1780) 42 He had scarce talents to be groom-porter to an orange barrow. 1816Southey Poet's Pilgr. i. 26 Carts, barrows, coaches, hurry from all sides. 1837Carlyle Fr. Rev. i. xi. II. 70 Setting down his own barrow, he snatches the Abbé's; trundles it fast, like an infected thing. 1837Whittock Bk. Trades (1842) 17 He has to wheel it [bread] in a barrow round to the customers.
c. The contents of a barrow, a barrowful.
1598Shakes. Merry W. iii. v. 4 To be carried in a Basket like a barrow of butchers Offall.
3. Salt-making. A conical basket into which the wet salt is put to drain.
1686Plot Staffordsh. 94 Which [the corned salt] they put into wicker baskets they call Barrows, made in a Conical form. a1728Kennett MS. Lansd. 1033 (Halliw.) At Nantwich and Droitwich, the conical baskets wherein they put the salt to..drain..are called barrows. A barrow contained about six pecks.
4. Comb., as barrow-maker; barrow boy, a coster-monger; † barrow-bunter, -man, -woman, one employed in wheeling a barrow; barrowful, the quantity that fills a barrow; barrow-tram, the shaft of a barrow; barrow-way (Mining), see quot.
1939J. Worby Spiv's Progress viii. 72, I then gave him a brief I had got from one of the *barrow boys to take him back to Manchester. 1949Hansard Commons CDLXVII. 2970 A lesson might be learnt from that humble member of the trading community, the barrow boy.
1771Smollett Humph. Cl. (1815) 145, I saw a dirty *barrow-bunter in the street.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) ii. 97 A *barowfull..of horsdowng.
1881M. E. Braddon Asph. xxvii, To buy a *barrowful of red and orange pots and pans.
1468Medulla Gram. in Cath. Angl. 22 Vecticularius, a *barwe-maker.
c1650Ld. Herries in Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 417 note, He scorned to be a *barrowman.
1822Hogg 3 Perils of Man II. 326 Old masons are the best *barrowmen.
a1550Christis Kirke 166 Than followit feymen rycht onaffeird, Bet on with *barrow trammis.
1657S. Colvil Whigs Supplic. (1751) 19 His arms were stiff like *barrow-trams.
1815Scott Guy M. xlvi, Ye black *barrow-tram o' the kirk.
1851Coal-tr. Terms Northumbld. & Durh. 7, *Barrow-way, the way along which the barrow-men put the corves or tubs of coals..laid with tram-plates or bridge-rails.
c1475in Wright Voc. 268 Psraannia, a *barowwoman.
1818H. More Betty Brown, Tales (1830) II. 289 A *barrow-woman..is as much her own mistress on Sundays as a duchess.
▪ IV. barrow, n.4|ˈbærəʊ|
Also (north. dial.) barrie, barry.
[? connected with OE. beorᵹan to protect, cover.]
(Also in comb., barrow-coat.) A long sleeveless flannel garment for infants.
1878Halliwell, Barricoat, a child's coat; a word in use in the Northumbrian dialect. 1884Cassell's Mag. Apr. 303/1 (Baby clothing), The barrow-coats are best made of real Welsh flannel.
▪ V. barrow, v.1|ˈbærəʊ|
[f. barrow n.3]
To wheel or transport in a barrow; cf. to cart.
1674Ray Allom Work Whitby 139 When it is sufficiently burned they barrow it into a pit. 1862Borrow Wild Wales III. 84 Barrowing stones on a Welsh road.
▪ VI. barrow, v.2 Austral. and N.Z.|ˈbærəʊ|
[Etym. unkn.; ? cf. Gaelic bearradh, shearing, clipping.]
(See quot. 1933.) Hence barrowing vbl. n.; barrowman2, one who barrows; also barrower.
1933L. G. D. Acland in Press (N.Z.) 16 Sept. 15/7 Barrow, to shear or partly shear a sheep for a shearer. ‘No barrowing allowed on the board’ was at one time a rule which the Shearers' Union got into the award. 1940E. C. Studholme Te Waimate (1954) i. xv. 129 There were always a certain number of ‘barrowmen’ and ‘learners’ on the board. [footnote] Friends of the shearers who came on to the board for a chat and..shore a few sheep for their pals. 1949P. Newton High Country Days v. 54 The wool rollers and fleece pickers..tried their hand at shearing, a practice known as ‘barrowing’. 1959H. P. Tritton Time means Tucker 26/1, I spent most of the afternoon watching and ‘barrowing’; that is, finishing-off. 1965J. S. Gunn Terminol. Shearing Ind. i. 6 Barrowing, a term to describe the action of a shed-hand or other learner who finishes off a sheep for a shearer after the bell has gone for the end of the run. Ibid., Barrowers could cause considerable union trouble because they delay the other shedhands who have to clean up after the last sheep shorn in a run. Thus an accepted rule in most sheds to-day is ‘no barrowing on the board’. |